BRIGADIER GENERAL GABRIEL RENE PAUL THE FORGOTTEN HERO OF GETTYSBURG
From the Campbell
County History News - January 1999
… Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation
or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure… Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address - 1863
Two years into the Civil War, survival of
the nation was very much in question as Confederate and Union troops clashed in
the small town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The resulting battle was the
largest and bloodiest ever held in North America resulting in 51,000 casualties
during the first three days of July 1863.
The July 4, 1863 Cincinnati
Daily Enquire was filled with news from the war and included in their Newport
News section the following: “Brigadier General Paul - This officer who was
killed in the Battle near Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, was a resident of Newport. His wife and family are now here.”
The report of Gabriel Rene Paul’s death
was incorrect but understandable. The July-August 1996 issue of Military Images
magazine includes information from a descendant who explained that on July 1,
1963, at about two p.m., Paul’s brigade was attacked from three directions by
elements of four Confederate brigades and, after a stiff fight, was overwhelmed.
A musket ball struck General Paul’s right temple an inch and a half behind his
eye. It severed the right optic nerve, passed through his head and exited through
the left eye socket removing the eye. Paul fell unconscious and was left for
dead on the field, a dispatch from General Meade to Halleck reporting him killed.
He was found alive by Union prisoners working as stretcher bearers, carried to
a local residence and placed under the care of the surgeon of the 11th
Pennsylvania.
The general was not prepared to surrender
the biggest battle of his life. One can imagine his contemplating the long road
that led him to the bloody field in Gettysburg and drawing strength from the
memories.
The Paul family can be traced to
grandparents Eustache Paul and Marie Anne Scholastique Masse. Eustache Paul was
a native of France who settled at Cape Francais, Santo Domingo. His son Rene
Paul was a Colonel of engineers under Napoleon, serving on the French flag ship
at Trafalgar where he was severely wounded.
Rene Paul immigrated to Philadelphia, Pa., and then moved to St. Louis,
Mo. where Gabriel Rene Paul was born on March 22, 1813. Gabriel Paul’s mother was Eulalie Chouteau, daughter
of August Chouteau and Marie Therese Cerre.
Gabriel Rene Paul began his military
career by obtaining an appointment to West Point from which he graduated in
July 1834. He was assigned to frontier duty in the Seventh Infantry and
stationed at Fort Gibson in present day Oklahoma. On March 24, 1835 he married
Mary Ann Whistler, daughter of Colonel William Whistler. Mary’s father and Grandfather were both
military men previously stationed in the Newport Barracks and Mary Whistler was
probably born in Newport about 1815. Gabriel and Mary would have 3 daughters
and a son over the next several years.
Gabriel R. Paul served several years of
recruiting duty and went to war in 1842 fighting the Seminole Indians in
Florida. He then served in the Mexican War taking part in the defense of Fort
Brown, the battle of Monterey, siege of Vera Cruz, and several other battles
including Cerro Gordo where he was wounded. He led a storming party at Chapultepec,
which captured the enemy flag and for this act he was brevetted major. The
citizens of St. Louis presented him a sword for his service in the Mexico
campaign.
The 1850s included tours in Texas and the
1852 Rio Grande expedition in which he captured Carvajal and his gang of
desperadoes. In 1854 William Whistler moved his family back to Newport,
possibly bringing the Paul family with him. Available records do not indicate
when the marriage of Mary Whistler Paul and Gabriel R. Paul broke up but Mary
lived until 11 November 1871 and is buried in Kansas while Campbell County marriage
records show G. R. Paul married Louise Rodgers on April 13, 1858. Louise Rogers/Rodgers
was daughter of John and Elizabeth (Neland) Doxon and widow of Alfred H. Rogers
of Cincinnati. Gabriel and Louise went on to have two daughters. It appears
Gabriel served in the Utah expeditions from 1858 to 1860 during which he was engaged
in the surprise and capture of a camp of hostile Indians.
Gabriel was promoted to Major and
transferred to the 8th infantry in April 1861, serving as acting
inspector general of the Department of New Mexico from July to December 1861. He
was then appointed Colonel, commanding Fort Union and the Southern military
district of New Mexico. He was promoted lieutenant-colonel in April 1862 and
brigadier-general of volunteers in September 1862. He then transferred to the Army
of the Potomac in March 1863, taking part in the battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville.
Image did not appear in newsletter - Photo of Brigadier General Gabriel René Paul, ca. 1864 This work is in the public domain. Located at Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Ren%C3%A9_Paul)
It appears that at the time
Gabriel transferred east, his wife Louise returned to Newport. She first
appears in the 1863 tax list with a town lot valued at $6,000. Gabriel may have
returned to Newport to recover from his Gettysburg wounds since the 1864 and 1865
tax lists list both Louise and G. R. Paul and indicate they had two slaves. The
1866 tax list shows only Louisa Paul after which they disappear from the tax
lists.
The July 19, 1888 Kentucky State Journal,
a Newport based newspaper, reported on page 4:
“The following, from the Courier-Journal, will be found of interest to
our Newport Readers, insomuch as it gives an insight to why one of our elderly
and highly esteemed citizens has not been able to obtain a well-deserved
pension: For two years the widow of
General G. R. Paul has been asking congress to grant her a pension. So far she has
been unsuccessful. The eyesight of Gen.
Paul was destroyed at Gettysburg, and for over 20 years it was an every-day
sight in Newport, Ky., their home, to see Mrs. Paul, with the hero on her arm,
walking the streets of that city.” The article goes on to accuse a couple of
Republican representatives of “keeping the widows of officers out of their pensions
because the bills were introduced by Democrats.” The above article indicates
the Paul family remained in Newport but they have not been found in tax lists
or city directories. The widow’s pension papers show General Paul was absent
from duty on account of wounds until February 1865 when he was retired from
active military service “for disability resulting from wounds received in the line
of duty.” Despite being totally blind,
suffering violent attacks of pain in the head and having epilepsy, he was at
that time made deputy governor of the Soldiers’ Home near Washington, D.C. In
June 1865 he was placed in charge of the military asylum at Harrodsburg Ky
where he served until December 1866. He was reported as unemployed from 1866
until his 1886 death. Statements in support of the widow’s pension indicate the
wound left him “so helpless as to constantly need attention” with necessary
expenses that took up all his pay. A Resolution of Congress granted him full
pay and allowances of brigadier-General on April 12, 1870. Records show his
seizures increased over the years occurring several times per day in the later
years.
Death records show General Paul died “at
his residence” in Washington, D.C. at 10 a.m. on May 5, 1886. The listed cause
of death was “coma following on an epileptiform convulsion, the result of a
wound received at the battle of Gettysburg, Pa.” He was given a hero’s burial
in Arlington National Cemetery with a monument erected over his grave by his
comrades of the Grand Army.
His widow was granted a pension of $50 per
month August 4, 1886 but applied for an increased because of financial
hardship. The pension was increased to $100 per month on August 21, 1888 and
remained at that amount until Louise Paul died in December 1898.
The
image of Gabriel René Paul shown above was copied from the
Wikipedia website. The photo and any copyrighted information for this
article
are used under the fair use provision of the copyright law allowing use
for
non-profit educational purposes.
Special thanks go to Cheryl Whistler
Garrison who provided numerous documents relating to Gabriel René Paul and his
family. Copies of all submitted documents can be found in the family files at
the historical society research office.
Readers access
are encouraged to visit
her web page
at: http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/a/r/Cheryl-Garrison-MI/
which includes information on ancestors including the
Whistler, Paul and Helm
families of Campbell County. This page can also be accessed from the
historical
society web page researcher links. Cheryl is interested in exchanging
information on the above families and encourages researchers to contact
her.
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