Newsletter of The Lost Colony Research Group

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January 2011

 

 

Unraveling Undocumented Adoptions

Or

Who Was Glover Farrow?

In the DNA world, we have something called a Nonpaternal Event, shortened to NPE.  This is a confusing term that means that the Y-line DNA of the person who tested is not what it was expected to be.  In other words, it means that it didn't match the surname line it was expected to match.  Of course, the first thing that everyone thinks is that Granny was fooling around - but in reality - this is seldom the case.  

I call these events "undocumented adoptions".  The reason is that clearly an adoption of some type happened.  Maybe the couple knew about it - in the situation where they took a child of a family member or neighbor to raise.  Or maybe only Mom knew about it - Daddy didn't.  Or maybe both knew it, in the case of a rape, but both decided to simply raise the child in an atmosphere of love and make the best of the situation.  Regardless of the circumstances, the adoption occurred, the child took a surname not his biologically and several generations later - we discovered the mismatch via DNA testing.  

The exception to this is the illegitimate birth where the child takes the mother's surname.  Even in this situation, if she ever married, sometimes the child then takes the step-father's surname, yet another type of undocumented adoption.  A hint that this might have occurred is when the first child's birth year is before or the same as the marriage year of the parents.

Sometimes when we received these DNA results, we can go back look at the records we have available, sort through with "new eyes", and find the information, or at least hints, that we were missing before.

This leads me to the mystery of Glover Farrow, and how we solved it.  Of course, like all good mysteries, there are several people involved, all with a piece of information and no one with all of them.  It took cooperation and collaboration to put those pieces together to get an answer.

This story begins with another family member, not Glover Farrow himself.  It begins with William Bunyan Midgett, born Feb. 15, 1861 in Rodanthe to Andrew Shanklin Hooper and Christiana W. Midyett.  He took his mother's maiden name, as was the custom then, for children born out of wedlock.  In fact, we know who his father was, because Christiana was hauled into court three weeks before William was born and made to confess the name of the father.  William Shanklin Hooper married another woman about 2 months later, in Currituck County.  So William was raised by his Midgett grandparents (his mother died when he was young) and ultimately married Alvania Staten Midgett in July of 1892.

While out-of-wedlock births weren't terribly unusual, they certainly weren't socially accepted, and the birth status sometimes hung over the person for their lifetime like a cloud.  Often, they married other people who were also blessed with a similar cloud.  

The census is the standard way of reconstructing families.  The 1890 census was destroyed, but otherwise, the census beginning in 1850 lists all family members and often other information as well about the various individuals.  Unfortunately, it is sometimes mute where it shouldn't be, names are misspelled, ages vary widely for the same person from census to census, and sometimes info is just wrong or omitted.  However, in general, it's one of the best tools we have and we can then use other info to corroborate the census info, or to dispute it.

Kay Lynn Sheppard has been one of my angels during the reconstruction of the Hatteras Families for the Hatteras DNA projects.  Better yet, she is a Midgett herself so is "the" best expert I've found.  As the hostess for several genealogy lists online, she is a wealth of information.  Looking for info about William Bunyan Midgett (who is really genetically a Hooper), I turned to Kay.

Kay was kind enough to send me her accumulated family info on William Midgett, including his children.  The first child listed was Glover Farrow born December 1889.  This tells me that the information was from the 1900 census, where each person was listed with their birth month and year.  More children followed, beginning in 1894, following William Midgett and Alvania Midgett's 1892 marriage.  The assumption was that Glover Farrow must be the child of Alvania Midgett from a prior relationship.  The thing that didn't look right to me was that the child had the surname Farrow.  In that time period, it was very rare for an illegitimate child to take the father's surname, although not unheard of.  And remember, the census can be wrong.  Maybe the child's name was Glover Farrow Midgett?

I asked Kay Lynn about this, and she sent me some additional information that was contributed to her, as follows from a letter:

  "...Glover was not a Midgett.  He was born in Frisco.  Aunt Zella Daily Simpson thinks he was a Farrow.  She says she never saw too much of him when she was growing up because he always worked away from home.  She says Aunt Alvania loved him like he was hers but he never went by the name Midgett.  He eventually moved away and stayed and she doesn't know anything about a wife or children..."

This seems to fit with someone moving away to perhaps escape the local stigma of illegitimacy. 

I had also copied Dawn Taylor, with the Hatteras Genealogical Society and one of our researchers, on this and she provided the next tidbit, but it was confusing.  She sent an obituary.

Darlington, SC - Isaac Grover Farrow, 75, of Myrtle Beach and formerly of Darlington, died Sunday afternoon in a Myrtle Beach hospital after a long illness.  Funeral services will be conducted Tuesday at 11 a.m. in Kistler Funeral Home here by Rev. William S. Jones. Burial will be in Grove Hill Cemetery.  Mr. Farrow was born in Frisco, NC., and lived and worked in New York City for several years before retiring in Myrtle Beach five years ago.  Surviving are the widow. Mrs. Jessie S. Farrow; a daughter, Mrs. R.C. Maus of Anaheim, Calif., and six grandchildren.

However, this man was referred to as Isaac Grover Farrow, not Glover Farrow.  Was it the same man?  Dawn then found his wife's obituary which helped immensely as well, and all of this contributed information helped Kay Lynn to find the rest of the story, which she tells as she put it together as a complete picture.

The 2 obits have helped me to get a handle on Grover/Glover Farrow, who I'm pretty sure was the son of Christopher B. Farrow & Lavinia F. Gray who married in 1876.  They had Olivia/Alevia Stowe Farrow in 1880, Redin Cross Farrow in 1887 and Isaac Grover Farrow in 1889. 

 

Christopher died less than a year after Isaac G. was born and I believe that Lavinia died before 1900 because Redin was living with his sister Olivia and her husband in 1900 and "Glover" was living with the Midgett family.  I think this was a case of small children being left behind by the early deaths of their parents.  What threw me was the fact that he was called "Glover" in 1900 & 1910 and Isaac "Grover" the rest of the time but I think the fact that he had his 2 nieces with him in 1930 proves that he was the son of Christopher & Lavinia.

 

Here are the notes Kay Lynn sent for Isaac Grover Farrow--

Source:  1900 Dare Co., NC Census (Hatteras Twp.)

Midgett,    Wm.                Jan 1861   Married: 7 yrs.       Surfman
                Alvania            Oct 1868   2 Children/2 Living
                Wm. Edward   Feb 1894
                Christian          Sep 1898
                Glover             Dec 1889   (Adopted Son)
                Aretta             Mar 1877   (Sister-In-Law)
                Benjamin         Sep 1899   (No relationship given)
(Amy M. Gamiel of Manteo, N.C. states that this baby Benjamin was the son of Benjamin "Benny" Etheridge and Aretta Midgett.  Benny & Aretta were never married because their parents thought they were too young.  Later they both married different people.)

 

Source:  1910 Dare Co., NC Census (Hatteras Twp. - Buxton Village)

Midyett,    William B.       48   Marr: once  Marr: 18yrs              Surfman (USLSS)
                Alvana S.         38   Marr: once  6 Children/3 Living   (Wife)
Farrow,    Glover             20   Sailor                                          (Son)
Midgett,   Edward            16   Attended School                         (Son)
                Christian          10                                                      (Daughter)

 

Source:  1920 Wake Co., NC Census (Town of Raleigh)

Farrow,  I.G.              Head     30         Auditor      NC NC NC
             Jesse M.       Wife       26                          NC NC NC
             William G.     Son        1 3/12                    SC NC NC

 

Source:  1930 Washington, DC Census - 524 Rhode Island Ave.

Farrow,    Isaac         Head     40     Age @ 1st Marr: 26      Bookkeeper                    NC NC NC
                Jessie        Wife       35    Age @ 1st Marr: 21                                             NC NC NC
                Dora         Niece     21    Single                             Telephone Co. Clerk       NC NC NC
               Ruby         Niece     19     Single                             Telephone Co. Clerk       NC NC NC
[Isadora "Dora" and Ruby were the daughters of Isaac's brother, Reddin Cross Farrow who died in 1920.]

 

Source:  Social Security Death Index

Name: Isaac Farrow
SSN: 076-07-8136
Last Residence: South Carolina
Born: 26 Dec 1889
Died: Oct 1965
State SSN issued: New York (Before 1951)

 

So what do we have here?  Glover Farrow is really Isaac Grover Farrow.  He has been placed with his parents, Christopher B. Farrow and Lavinia F. Gray.  He was raised by William Bunyan Midgett and Alvania Midgett, although we're not quite sure why.  Based on the note about Alvania loving him as her own, it was surely a blessing for him to be with that family if he could not be with his parents.  His DNA should match the Farrow DNA, barring any other surprises. 

The assumption that Glover might have been a child of Alvania's before her marriage to William Midgett was incorrect, although that assumption might be quite correct based on the evidence at hand in another similar situation.  William Midgett had the social stigma of illegitimacy hanging over him, so that he might marry a female in a similar situation would not be surprising - but that's not what happened. 

The male children of William Bunyan Midgett carry the Midgett surname and the Hooper DNA, just like William himself did.

Had we stumbled upon this DNA sample without this knowledge, we would have assumed that the Midgett historical DNA was represented by William Bunyan Midgett.  This is a prime example of why we test multiple descendants of the earliest male we can find - it verifies that no undocumented adoptions have occurred and establishes the baseline DNA of the original ancestor in question.

Thank you to everyone who contributed to solving this and so many other puzzles.  Do you have genealogy information that might contribute to solving a mystery?  Share it and see!

Out and About

November was a busy month for our volunteers. 

Janet Crain provided the Burnet County, Texas, Genealogy Society with a presentation about the Lost Colony.

Also in November, Jennifer Sheppard visited the Jamesville (NC) Middle School and worked with Kristie Hardison's 8th Grade Social Studies class.  She provided them with an overview of the history of the Lost Colony, along with sharing information about artifacts from Hatteras Island from our recent archaeological digs. 

In the photo below, Ms. Hardison is at left, Jennifer Sheppard at right, with the 8th grade students.

Revealing American Indian and Minority Heritage using Y-line, Mitochondrial, Autosomal and X Chromosomal Testing Data Combined with Pedigree Analysis

I'm extremely pleased to let you know that my new academic paper has recently been published.  It's free in the Journal of Genetic Genealogy sponsored by ISOGG.  The index of the entire journal is available at this link:

http://www.jogg.info/62/index.html

My paper, titled "Revealing American Indian and Minority Heritage using Y-line, Mitochondrial, Autosomal and X Chromosomal Testing Data Combined with Pedigree Analysis" is at the link below:

http://www.jogg.info/62/files/Estes.pdf

I have so desperately needed to refer people to this article over the past 18 months while it was awaiting publication.  It's a long process.  I was invited to write this article in March of 2009 and it was submitted a year ago with final revisions in July 2010.

It will also be on my website shortly as well at www.dnaexplain.com under the Publications tab.  Lots of free goodies there too.

You may ask why this is relevant to the search for the Lost Colonists.  The answer is simple.  In order to find the colonists, we need to understand the Native people who inhabit Eastern North Carolina and Virginia, and we need to be able to effectively use all of the tools available to us, including our own pedigree charts.  Combining all of the tools available to us often reveals previously overlooked information.

I encourage each of you to read this article and apply the information it contains to your own ancestor search.

The February issue will contain news about a new discovery involving Native American DNA, so stay tuned!!!

Newsletter Article Index

Making this index for the past issues of the newsletter pointed out rather dramatically how far we've come as a group - and how much incredible research has been done by our members.  Good job everyone and let's keep up the good work. 

 

I'll ask Nelda to put a permanent index on the website under the Newsletter heading and I'll keep it current each month.

 

While you see my name on a good many articles, as the editor, many times I synthesize information from various sources into an article.  So please, keep the information flowing. 

 

If you would like to write an article, or contribute data, please do so.  I greatly appreciate all submissions.  Sharing benefits us all.

 

Article

Author

Issue

Administrators

Roberta Estes

November 2008

Documents Transcribed

Estes

November 2008

The Berry Project

Estes

November 2008

The Beasley Project

Estes

November 2008

Paying It Forward

Estes

November 2008

Project Status and Focus

Estes

January 2009

Dare Records

Estes

May 2009

Colonist Family Locations

Andy Powell

May 2009

Welsh Surnames and Research

Janet Crain

May 2009

Dr. William Powell's Papers

Estes

May 2009

Berry and Lowery Families

Anne Poole

May 2009

Berry and Payne Families

Estes

May 2009

Where Have all the Indians Gone

Estes

May 2009

Virginia Dare's Birthday Faire

Estes

May 2009

Buxton Research

Estes

May 2009

Genealogy Data Request

Estes

May 2009

Blog and Websites

Estes

May 2009

Eastern NC County Research

Estes

September 2009

Albemarle County

Estes

September 2009

How Many Colonists Were There?

Estes

September 2009

Who Else Was Lost?

Estes

September 2009

The Problem with Surnames

Estes

September 2009

Needle in the Haystack - Finding the Colonists in England

Estes

September 2009

Researching English Records from America via the Internet for Free

Nelda Percival, Estes

September 2009

Non-Free English Research

Nelda Percival, Estes

September 2009

Copyrights

Nelda Percival, Estes

September 2009

Virginia Dare Faire Report

Estes

December 2009

23andMe, the New Kid in Town

Estes

December 2009

Christmas Wish List

Estes

December 2009

Land Patent Records

Estes

December 2009

What Can We Learn from Land Records

Estes

December 2009

NC Land Patents for Colonist Surnames - Allen, Arthur, Bailey, Bennett, Berde, Byrd, Berry, Bishop, Bridger, Bridges, Bright, Brook, Brock, Brown, Butler

Estes

December 2009

Land Patents including Machepungo and Mattemuskeet

Estes

December 2009

Origins of the Lost Colonists Intro

Estes

January 2010

Origins of the Lost Colonists Article

Andy Powell

January 2010

Colonist Surname Demographic Files

Estes

January 2010

English Demographic Summary by Colonist Surname

Andy Powell

January 2010

Hamilton McMillan's Lumbee/Colonist Surname List

Estes

January 2010

What Can You Do?

Estes

January 2010

Conducting English Research when Stuck in the States

Estes

January 2010

Genealogy on TV

Estes

March 2010

DNA and the New Lost Colony Family Project

Estes

March 2010

Native Clues in Non-Native Wills

Estes

March 2010

Catch us OnLine

Estes

March 2010

Beware of Lost Colony Free DNA Scam

Estes

April 2010

New Name and Logo

Estes

May 2010

Website Changes - Search Engine

Estes

May 2010

Hatteras Island Genealogy Society

Estes

May 2010

Hatteras Island Family Reconstruction Project

Estes

May 2010

Hatteras Island DNA Projects

Estes

May 2010

Eastern NC Cultural Tidbits

Estes

May 2010

Manteo and Bideford Twinned

Estes

May 2010

Baylus Brooks - New Research Partner

Estes

May 2010

Hatteras Island Museum - Histories and Mysteries - Grand Opening

Estes

May 2010

Book Review - A Kingdom Strange: The Brief and Tragic History of the Lost Colony or Roanoke By James Horn

Estes

May 2010

2010 Focus - English Records, Hatteras Island, Archaeology

Estes

June 2010

Archaeology Dig - April 2010

Estes

June 2010

Meet Nancy Frey

Estes

June 2010

Andy Powell is Official

Estes

June 2010

Nelda's New Website Creation - Surnames tied to Maps

Estes

June 2010

Andy's Latest Discovery - More Colonists

Estes

June 2010

Prioritized Colonist List

Andy Powell, Estes

June 2010

Rediscoverying the False Cape

Baylus Brooks

July 2010

What Happened in September 1842?

Estes

July 2010

Who is Old George?

Dawn Taylor, Baylus Brooks, Estes

July 2010

First Court Held on Ocracoke Island

Estes

July 2010

Robert Stanley Wahab's Career

Estes

July 2010

Murder on Hatteras Island

Baylus Brooks

August 2010

Death Certificates

Estes

August 2010

Unusual Names

Estes

August 2010

Treason in Jamestown

Estes

August 2010

Jamestown Colonist Pory and the Lost Colonist Ellis Family

Estes

August 2010

What's in a Name - Jamestown Colonists who Share Surnames with Lost Colonists

Estes

August 2010

Who Was at Jamestown?

Estes

August 2010

March 22, 1622

Estes

August 2010

Free African Americans dot com

Estes

August 2010

The Berry Family from Free African Americans dot com

Estes

August 2010

Hatteras Island Surname Info Extracted from www.freeafricanamericans.com - Allen, Brooks, Clark, Davis, Evans, Gray, Howard, Jackson, Jarvis, Johnson, Jones, Lewis, McCoy, Meekins, Miller, Neal, Norton, Payne, Palmer, Price, Pugh, Reed, Russell, Simpson, Smith, Stewart, Taylor, Toulson, Wallace, Wells, White, Williams

Jennifer Sheppard

August 2010 Special Edition

NC Discovery of Navigable Rivers

Joy King

September 2010

Nantucket Whalers in NC - The Pinkhams

Baylus Brooks

September 2010

More Unusual Names

Estes

September 2010

Death Certificate Findings

Estes

September 2010

1880 Census Notes

Estes

September 2010

1880 Census Disease

Estes

September 2010

Courtney Benjamin was a Woman and Gertrude was a Man

Estes

September 2010

Burrus in Jamestown

Estes

September 2010

1880 Dare County Census Note

Estes

September 2010

Roanoke Island's First Post-Jamestown Visitor - Francis Yeardley

Estes

September 2010

Earliest North Carolina Exploration and Settlement

Estes

September 2010

Mitochondrial DNA Results - What Do They Mean and What Do I Do With Them?

Estes

September 2010

Hatteras Place Names Map

Baylus Brooks

September 2010

Lost Colonist Surname Info Extracted from www.freeafricanamericans.com - Archer,  Bailey, Brooks, Brown, Bennett, Butler, Coleman, Cooper, Gibson (no Gibbs), Harris, Harrison, Harvey, Johnson, Jones, Keemer (no Kemme), Lawrence, Lucas, Manning, Martin, Milton, Newsom, Newton

Patterson, Payne, Pierce, Powell, Sampson, Scott, Smith, Stephens, Taylor, Vickory, White, Wilkins, Wilkerson/Wilkinson, Wright

Jennifer Sheppard

September 2010 Special Edition

Book Review - Confessions of an Outer Banks Filly by Sybil Skakle

Estes

October 2010

Website Surpasses 8000 Pages

Estes

October 2010

More Unusual Names

Estes

October 2010

Novel Causes of Death

Estes

October 2010

Martin County Historical Society Presentation by Jennifer Sheppard

Jennifer Sheppard

October 2010

Chronicles of the Scotch-Irish Settlement in Virginia - Vol. 1 - Colonist Names Extracted

Judith Hough

October 2010

Raleigh Expedition Surname Info Extracted from www.freeafricanamericans.com - Clark, Drake, Edwards, Russell

Jennifer Sheppard

October 2010 Special Edition

Lost Colony Research Group Receives Prestigious Awards

Estes

November 2010

Lost Colony Research Group Receives Malcolm Fowler Society Award

Jennifer Sheppard

November 2010

Lost Colony Group Receives Joe M. McLaurin Newsletter Award

Jennifer Sheppard

November 2010

Roberta J. Estes Receives Barringer Award of Excellence

Jennifer Sheppard

November 2010

Jennifer Sheppard, Editor Martin County Society Newsletter, Receives Joe M. McLaurin Newsletter Award

Jennifer Sheppard

November 2010

Angel Awards

Estes

November 2010

Demystifying the UK Parish Registers

Nancy Frey

November 2010

Y-Line DNA Results - What Do They Mean and What Do I Do With Them?

Estes

November 2010

Thomas and Bethany Midgett Slave Families

Estes

November 2010

Figuring Dates When No Birth or Death Records Exist

Jennifer Sheppard

November 2010

Chronicles of the Scotch-Irish Settlement in Virginia - Vol. 2 - Colonist Names Extracted

Judith Hough

November 2010

To Boldly Go Where No Man Has Gone Before - Why We Search for the Colonists

Estes

December 2010

Sir Richard Grenville

Andy Powell

December 2010

Newspaper Research Reveals Case of Mistaken Identity for Martin County Man

Jennifer Sheppard

December 2010

Hogtown

Van Harris

December 2010

Henry O'Berry Land Grant

Linda Dial and Stephen Berry

December 2010

Midgett/Midyett Family Relic

Estes

 

Chronicles of the Scotch-Irish Settlement in Virginia - Vol. 3 - Colonist Names Extracted

Judith Hough

December 2010

Study of the Posteskeet Indians

Penny Ferguson

January 2011

Be Cautious When Using Deed Indexes

Jennifer Sheppard

January 2011

The Pierce Family of Tyrrell County

Estes

January 2011

Smith Pugh

Estes

January 2011

The Mount Pleasant Area of Hyde County

Estes

January 2011

Unraveling Undocumented Adoptions - Or Who Was Glover Farrow?

Estes, Kay Lynn Sheppard, Dawn Taylor

January 2011

Out and About - Presentations at Jamesville, NC and Burnet Co., TX

Estes

January 2011

Revealing American Indian and Minority Heritage using Y-line, Mitochondrial, Autosomal and X Chromosomal Testing Data Combined with Pedigree Analysis

Estes

January 2011

2008, 2009 and 2010 Newsletter Index

Estes

January 2011

 

Catch us Online

Our  Lost Colony website includes more than 8000 pages of research, all free, at

https://sites.rootsweb.com/~molcgdrg/

Our Project on Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/pages/Lost-Colony-of-Roanoke-DNA-Project/126053773239?

v=wall&mid=20b5112G3d98ba62G0G66#!/pages/Lost-Colony-of-Roanoke-DNA-Project/

126053773239?v=wall - thanks to Janet Crain for this

Our Blog -  http://the-lost-colony.blogspot.com/ - If you don't subscribe to our blog...now's a great time to do that...just click on over and sign up so you don't miss anything!!  Thanks to Janet Crain and Penny Ferguson for our wonderful blog.

Our Website - https://sites.rootsweb.com/~molcgdrg/ - Nelda adds to information to our website almost daily.  Have you checked your surnames lately to see what is new?  Please contribute something for your surnames, or a county of interest.  Thanks to Nelda Percival for her untiring work on our website.

GenealogyWise - http://www.genealogywise.com/group/thelostcolonistsofroanoke - Thanks to Andy Powell for setting this up. 

Our DNA projects at Family Tree DNA:

Lost Colony Yline - (paternal surname) - http://www.familytreedna.com/public/LostColonyYDNA/default.aspx

 

Lost Colony Mitochondrial - (maternal line) - http://www.familytreedna.com/project-join-request.aspx?group=LostColonymtDNA

 

Lost Colony Family Finder - (autosomal) http://www.familytreedna.com/public/LostColonyFamilyFinder/default.aspx

 

Hatteras Island Fathers DNA project at http://www.familytreedna.com/public/HatterasFathers/default.aspx

 

Hatteras Island Mothers DNA project at

http://www.familytreedna.com/public/HatterasMothers/default.aspx

 

Hatteras Island Family Finder project at

http://www.familytreedna.com/public/Hatteras-Families/default.aspx

Hatteras Island Genealogy Society at http://www.facebook.com/#!/group.php?gid=245433063719&ref=ts

 

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Notice

The Lost Colony Research Group is in NO WAY affiliated with The Lost Colony Center for Science and Research.  The Lost Colony Y-DNA and MT-DNA projects at Family Tree DNA are NOT IN ANY WAY  affiliated with The Lost Colony Center for Science and Research,
regardless of what their links imply.

 

"Please notify us of any claims to the contrary."

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

There is no fee to join our group and no donation of monies or objects are needed to participate in "The Lost Colony Research Group".

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As with any DNA project, individuals pay for their own DNA testing, but the
group itself  - is strictly volunteer and free to join, upon approval of membership.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Neither Rootsweb.com, myself, nor the Lost Colony Research Group together or individually are  responsible for the personal content submitted by any individual to this website.

 

Send mail to [email protected] with questions or comments about this web site.
Copyright © 2008 Last modified: July 31, 2011

 

ART WORK

The art work on this website is my (Nelda L. Percival) original art work and has not been released to any person or organization other then for the use of Lost Colony Research Group and the store front owned by the same. My art work has never been part of the Lost Colony Center for Science and Research's property. My art used here and at the store front was drawn precisely for the projects run by Roberta Estes and ownership has not been otherwise released. This project also uses the artwork of Dr. Ana Oquendo Pabon, the copyright to which she has retained as well. Other art works are the copyrights of the originators and may not be copied without their permission.
All DNA Content on this site belongs to the individuals who tested and or their representatives . The person who tested does not give up ownership of their DNA or DNA results by posting them here.
Where Copyrighted data has been cited the source has been included........
Some Native American art work is from http://www.firstpeople.us  Some of their art was used as a bases for different creative graphics.