BREWERIES

      About 1800, Daniel STANIFORD owned a distillery on the north side of Pearl street, near the present Winooski avenue, where he brewed ale, beer and porter, and manufactured other fluids which even the phlegmatic votary of lager drinking cannot claim as "non intoxicating," Another distillery was subsequently operated nearer the head of Pearl street, by LOOMIS & BRADLEY. Samuel HICKOK built a brewery on the west side of Champlain street, which was burned down. It was afterwards rebuilt by George PETERSON, about 1837, who used it for many years in manufacturing ale, usually about 1,500 barrels each year. It was taken by 

      Ammi F. STONE, in 1871, who manufactured about 3,000 barrels per year. In 1878, he added the business of bottling lager, and manufactured the same for two years, when its manufacture was discontinued, though he still continues the bottling, procuring his lager at Albany, N. Y., using about 400 barrels per year.

      Soon after the year 1800, many attempts to establish banks of discount and deposit based upon a circulating currency were made, but the people were not then in a condition to receive them. They believed in the exchange of commodities rather than the to them frail and unreliable I.O.U.'s of the banks, and that "by introducing a more extensive credit the tendency of banks would be to palsy the vigor of industry and to stupefy the vigilance of economy, the only two honest, general and sure sources of wealth." Consequently the petitions to the legislature, not only from Burlington, but from different parts of the State, were met with a sturdy resistance. In 1803, a bill for establishing a bank here was passed by the assembly, at Westminster, by a. vote of ninety three to eighty three, but was non concurred in by the governor and his council Again, in 1805, a similar bill passed the house of representatives, and was likewise non concurred in, and failed to become a law. But in 1806, the Vermont State Bank was chartered, and during the following year a branch was established at Burlington, where it remained until 1812, when the legislature ordered its removal to Woodstock. The bank was located on the west side of the square, and its business transacted by Samuel HICKOK, who acted as cashier. By the original act establishing the branch, it was provided that the directors of the State Bank, thirteen in number, chosen annually by the legislature, should assign three of their number to said branch, two of which should constitute a quorum to manage the prudential concerns of the said branch. The two directors residing in this locality were William C. HARRINGTON and Noah CHITTENDEN. In 1816, an application was made to the legislature for establishing another branch here, which, after much discussion and delay, was granted in 1818, and the Bank of Burlington immediately went into operation, occupying a building on the north side of the square, and shortly afterwards a two story building on the present site of the Howard Opera House, where it did a successful business for many years, its charter being extended by the legislature three different periods, by acts approved November 5, 1830, November 8, 1847, and November 20, 1861. The bank had a capital of $150,000.00, and was managed by aboard of seven directors, who chose a president and cashier. Cornelius P. VAN NESS was the first president, and Andrew THOMPSON, cashier. Business was suspended and the institution went out of existence, January 1, 1868, by a proclamation of the governor, Paul DILLINGHAM, annulling the charters of all State banking institutions. In 1830, a branch of the United States Bank was established here, and continued business until the expiration of the charter of the parent bank. Their banking house was situated on the northeast corner of College and St. Paul streets, where the Savings Bank now is. The officers of the institution were, Heman ALLEN, president, and Thomas HOCKLEY, cashier. The Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank was chartered November 4, 1834, with a capital of 100,000.00, John PECK, president, and Thomas HOCKLEY, cashier. Their banking house was situated on the northeast corner of St. Paul and College streets, where they did business until 1868, their charter being extended October 31, 1846, and November 20, 1861.

      The Commercial Bank of Burlington was chartered November 8, 1847, with a capital of $150,000.00, and Harry BRADLEY, president, and Martin A. SEYMOUR, cashier. Its charter was extended in 1861, and it continued business as a State Bank until 1868, since which time it has been operated as a private institution by V. P. NOYES, with J. E. LOVELL, cashier.

      The Merchants' Bank was incorporated November 10, 1849, with a capital of $150,000.00, Timothy FOLLETT, president, and H. S. NOYES, cashier. It first commenced business on the east side of Water street, and subsequently moved to its present location on College street. In 1865, it was reorganized as a National bank, with a capital of $300,000.00, under its present name of Merchants' National Bank. A year or two later the capital was increased to $400,000.00, and in 1870, it bought out the First National Bank, with which it was consolidated, making its capital $700,000.00, which was subsequently decreased, until it now has a capital of $500,000.00, and a surplus fund of $100,000.00. H. P. HICKOK is president, and C. W. WOODHOUSE, cashier.

      The Howard National Bank, located on the northeast comer of Church and College streets, was chartered June 16, 1870, with a capital of $200,000.00. Lawrence BARNES was chosen president; F. N. VAN SICKLEN, vice president; and C. A SUMNER, cashier, and still retain their offices. The capital was subsequently increased to $300,000.00, and the bank now has a surplus fund of $22,500.00. The building occupied by the institution was erected by the First National Bank, in 1867, and is admirably adapted for the purposes of a bank, as it is fire proof, neat and commodious, and furnished with spacious vaults lined with walls of railroad iron, and is heated by steam. The whole block is not used by them, however, but rented 'to other parties, the principal portion to Mr. Charles P. FRISSELL, successor to GRISWOLD & FRISSELL, being one of the oldest insurance agencies in the city, having been established by S. WIRES, in 1848, and represents some of the strongest foreign and American companies.

      The Burlington Savings Bank, located on the northeast corner of St. Paul and College streets, was chartered by the legislature December 13, 1847, with John N. POMEROY, president; Wyllys LYMAN, vice president; and Edward A. STANSBURY, secretary. The bank has always done a good business and retained the confidence of its depositors since it first commenced operation, the month following the grant of its charter, January 1848. It now has the names of many depositors on its books, whose money is judiciously and safely invested. The present officers are: S. M. POPE, president; C. F. WARD, treasurer; and F. W. WARD, teller.

      The Farmers' and Mechanics' Savings Institution and Trust Company, located on College street, was chartered by the legislature November 11, 1870, with a capital of $100,000.00, with power to increase the same to $500,000.00, and "to receive moneys on deposit or in trust, at such rate of interest or on such terms as may be agreed upon, the rate of interest to be allowed for deposits not to exceed the legal rate." The present list of officers is as follows

      Henry P. HICKOK, president; Charles W. WOODHOUSE. treasurer; Henry P. HICKOK, George MORTON, Edward LYMAN, Charles W WOODHOUSE, and Lorenzo Z. WOODHOUSE, trustees. The business of the institution is transacted by the Merchants National Bank, who receive and pay deposits daily, during banking hours.

      The public buildings are all substantial, well built structures, the finest of which is the county court house, located on Church street It is an elegant building, two stories in. height, with a mansard roof, built of cut and hammered stone, and said to be the second best public building in the State. Its structure was commenced in 1871, and completed in 1873, costing between $50,000.00 and $60,000.00. The county jail is situated on Church street, midway between Bank and Cherry streets, upon land conveyed for the purpose by Capt. KING, in 1802. It is a two story structure, built of brick, and well adapted for the convenience and safety of those who for a time may become involuntary guests of the county. The City Hall, located on the southeastern corner of the Square, was built in the years 1853 and 1854. It is 80 by 80 feet, with a basement, which is built of stone, the other two stories being brick with stone trimmings. The basement is used for a police office, and shops and stores of various kinds; the first story for the city offices, and the upper story for the hall, and is valued at about $36,000.00. On August 4, 1854, congress passed an act appropriating $40,000.00 for the erection of a custom house, post office, and rooms for the district judge of the United States courts, at Burlington, and also enough to purchase a location for the building. A site was selected on the southeast corner of Main and Church streets, containing two and one half acres of land, for which $7,750.00 was paid. The construction of the building was commenced in the fall of 1855, and finished in the spring of 1857. In June, 1858, an appropriation was made of $4,000.00, for paving and grading the grounds and furnishing the building. It is made of brick, iron and stone, and is fire proof; only the doors, base boards, and the floors of the upper story are made of wood. In 1870, a city market building was erected on the corner of Main street and Winooski avenue, at a cost of $10,000.00. It was used for a time and gave promise of proving of great public utility, but soon grew into disfavor, was abandoned, and now stands unoccupied.

      As early as 1790, the town was divided into school districts, by a committee appointed for that purpose, consisting of Col. Frederick SAXTON, Capt David STANTON, and Daniel HURLBURT, who reported said division to be two for the whole township. It thus remained until 1795, when a third was added, from the southern part of the town, and to this number was added one more during the following year, consisting of "the house lots at Burlington Bay," the nucleus of the village. From that time until 1813, districts were added, until the town had eight, Nos. 1, 2, and 8 of which being located at the village. In 1815, the boundaries of the districts having become uncertain and indefinite, on the 28th of April, John JOHNSON, Nathan SMITH, and George ROBINSON were appointed a committee to ascertain the lines of the several districts. They reported at a meeting held on the 12th of the following May. The report was accepted, and the districts established accordingly. This report contained the boundaries of seven districts: The village district, bounded on the south by the south lines of lots No. 160, 158, 164, 184, and the westerly half of lot 109; oil the east by a line running from the centre of the south line of lot No. 109; northerly, east of the college grounds, to the river, just east of the residence of the late John N. POMEROY; on the west and north by the lake and river. No. 1 included the territory at the falls and 100-acre lots lying on the river, and most of the two three acre lots adjoining the latter. Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, just as they remained for many years. In 1816, the part of the town northwest of .the village was formed into a district and numbered;. From this time until 1820, no changes were made; but at that time district No. 8 was formed out the territory near the High bridge, being the easterly end of district No. 1. In 1829, the village district was divided into six districts, numbered 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14, to which was subsequently added 15 and 16. A union school district was organized, December 28, 1849, composed of districts No. 10, 12, 13, 14 and 15. Only scholars in the higher branches of learning from the districts composing the Union district attended the school, which was equal in all respects to the best academies in the State. Thus affairs stood at the time the city was organized, the Union School being located on the northwest corner of College and WILLARD streets, where the High School now is, and each of the districts possessed a good school house, where school was usually kept from six to ten months each year. Previous to the first day of April, 1868, the city was divided into eleven school districts, and under the charge of a superintendent; but on that date an amendment to the city charter came into effect, and since that time they have been under the charge of a board of commissioners, who are responsible for the schools in a higher degree than the district school officers ever were. Accordingly, they decline to consider the general reputation of a teacher, or even the State's certificates as sufficient recommendation for a place in the schools, and insist on a special examination of applicants by their own committee. Under this plan the schools have been greatly increased in usefulness, and the city now has a most excellent school system, with a fine high school, a grammar school, three intermediate, four primary, a primary and intermediate, one with primary, intermediate and grammar grades, an ungraded, and an evening school, employing forty two teachers, to whom is paid an aggregate annual salary of $15,594.85. The High School building was erected in 1878, at a cost $30,000.00. It is seventy four feet long by fifty four feet wide, three stories high, and is so arranged as to accommodate the entire high school department, and at the same time, when necessity requires, affords a fine audience hall for general exercises, exhibitions, etc. From 1860, up to 1871, the city had no additional school house accommodations, with the population largely increased in that time. So the commissioners adopted and recommended to the city a plan that would accommodate the high school department, and extend the tax for the same for over a period of five years, so as to raise a small tax each year until the whole amount should be paid; and after much debate and time spent in the examination of grounds, located the building, with the unanimous approval of the city council, upon the old academy site, on College street. The school is under the very able charge of D. Temple TORREY, principal.

      South Burlington now has a population of 665, is divided into six schools districts and contains six common schools, employing six female teachers, to whom is paid an aggregate salary of $ 1,000.00. The schools are usually open from six to ten months during the year, with an aggregate average attendance of about 100 pupils.

      University of Vermont and State Agricultural College. -- No University in the United States can boast a finer site than that belonging to this venerable institution, chartered November 3, 1791, thus lacking but a few years of its centennial anniversary. Its buildings cap a crest of land on the eastern side of the city, 277 feet above the lake and one mile back from the shore, commanding a beautiful view of the lake, the Adirondacks, Green Mountains, and the valleys of Winooski River and Lake Champlain. The corporation was organized on the same day its charter was issued. In 1794, the original dwelling for the president was commenced, nearly finished in 1795, but not completed so as to be occupied until 1799, when the Rev. Daniel C. SANDERS was authorized to occupy the building, and opened therein a school to fit boys for college. In October of the following year, 1800, Mr. SANDERS was chosen president, and instruction was commenced in the University, four students being admitted. In seven years the number had increased to forty seven. The original college building was erected the following year, 1801, a structure of cruciform shape, four stories in height, 16o feet long, seventy five feet wide in the central part, and forty five feet in the wings, containing a chapel, seven public rooms, and forty five chambers for students.

      In the course of the war of 1812-'15, the college edifice was taken by the U. S. Government, to be used, first as an arsenal, and finally for barracks. This compelled a suspension of the institution; the salaried officers were dismissed in March, 1814, and the students recommended to other colleges. In September, 1815, the University was reorganized, the buildings having been put in complete repair by the Government. In 1824, this building was burned, with the library and apparatus, and on the following 29th of June, 1825, the cornerstone of the present edifice was laid by Gen. LAFAYETTE. As this building is now in process of re construction, a detailed account of it would be superfluous. It may be said, however, that the new building will be higher than the old one, but of the same length (250 feet), and will group all the public rooms in the middle of the building, leaving the ends or wings for dormitories.

      The library building was erected in 1862. It contains a valuable collection of 20,000 volumes. The museum occupies the ground floor of the building, while the casts and other treasures of the Park Gallery of Arts may be found in the third story.

      The Vermont Agricultural College was chartered in 1864, under the act of Congress of July 2, 1862, and by the act of November 9, 1865, was incorporated with the University of Vermont Each institution is represented in the Board of Control by nine trustees, those of the Agricultural College being elected by the legislature.

      In addition to the medical course and the usual course in arts; including languages, mathematics, the natural sciences and philosophy, the University offers courses in civil engineering, in theoretical and applied chemistry, in agriculture and related branches, and in metallurgy and mining engineering; as also a literary scientific course, which omits the Greek of the course in arts, and fills its place with sciences and modern languages. Women are admitted to all the courses except the medical.

      The whole number of those who have completed their studies in the University, up to 1881, is 1,771. The graduates in medicine from 1823 to 1836, number 116; between 1853, the period of reorganization, and 1881, they count 701, or 817 in all. The total of academic graduates is 954, of whom about 200 became clergymen, 355 lawyers, and 70 physicians; others are teachers, farmers, editors, merchants, etc. It is expected that the reconstructed edifice will be ready for occupancy in October, 1882, by which time, also, a bronze statue of LaFayette will grace the park in front of the main college building, For both the re building and the statue the University will be indebted to the generosity of John P. HOWARD, Esq., who has already more than once testified his interest in the institution by very substantial tokens.

      The officers of instruction and government are as follows: Matthew Henry BUCKHAM, D. D., president; Samuel White THAYER, M. D., LL. D., professor emeritus of general and special anatomy, and dean of the medical faculty; Rev. McKendree PETTY, A. M., WILLIAMS professor of mathematics; John ORDRONAUX, M. D., LL. D., professor emeritus of medical jurisprudence; Rev. Henry Augustus Pearson TORREY, A. M., MARSH professor of intellectual and moral philosophy; Volney Giles BARBOUR, Ph. B., professor of civil engineering; George Henry PERKINS, Ph. D., ____ HOWARD professor of natural history; Rev. John Ellsworth GOODRICH, A. M., professor of Latin; William DARLING, LL. D., F. R. C. S., professor of general and special anatomy; Albert Freeman Africanus KING, M. D., professor of obstetrics and diseases of women; Henry Dwight HOLTON, A. M., M. D., professor of materia medics, and general pathology; James Lawrence LITTLE, M. D., professor of the principles and practice of surgery, Rev. Joshua Isham BLISS, A. M., professor of rhetoric; Alvah Horton SABIN, M. S., professor of chemistry and physics; Ashbel PARMELEE Grinnell, M. D., professor of the theory and practice of medicine, and secretary of the medical faculty; Rudolph August WITTHAUS, A. M., M. D., professor of medical chemistry and toxicology; Samuel Franklin EMERSON, A. B., professor of Greek and modern languages ; Herbert Everett TUTHERLY, 1st. Lieut. 1st. Cav. U. S. A., professor of military science and tactics; John Henry JACKSON, M. D., lecturer on physiology and microscopic anatomy; Robert William TAYLOR, M. D., special professor of diseases of the skin; Stephen Martindale ROBERTS, A. B., M. D., special professor of diseases of children; Adrian Theodore WOODWARD, M. D., special professor of the surgical diseases of women, Daniel Bennett St. John ROOSA, M. D., LL. D., special professor of diseases of the eye and ear, George Minot GARLAND, M. D., special professor of thoracic diseases; William James MORTON, M. D., special professor of diseases of the mind and nervous system; Edward John PHELPS, LL. D., special professor of medical jurisprudence; Jacob Chase RUTHERFORD, M. D., demonstrator of anatomy; Hiram Hayden ATWATER, A. M., M. D., instructor in obstetrics and diseases of woman and children; William Brown LUND, A. M, M_ D., instructor in materia medics, and therapeutics; Andrew Jackson WILLARD, A. M., M. D., instructor in chemistry and toxicology; George C. BRIGGS, M. D., instructor in physiology and microscopic anatomy; John Brooks WHEELER, A. B., M. D., instructor in principals and practice of surgery; Prof. GOODRICH, librarian; Prof. PETTY, curator of buildings; Prof. PERKINS, curator of museum; and Prof. BARBOUR, superintendent of grounds; Prof. GRINNELL, secretary of the medical faculty.

      The Medical Department of the University was first fully organized in 1821. The gentlemen who composed the faculty at that time were: John POMEROY, professor of surgery; James K. PLATT, professor of midwifery; Arthur L. PORTER, professor of chemistry; Nathan R. SMITH, professor of anatomy; and William PADDOCK, professor of practice and materia medica. Instruction was given by these gentlemen and their successors for thirteen years, during which time 114 students were graduated from the institution. The result of the enterprise was not successful, for after 1825, the number of students steadily diminished, and, in 1836, the department ceased to exist. Two unsuccessful attempts to revive it were made by Dr. S. W. THAYER, the first in 1840, the second in 1842; but it was not until 1853, that Dr. THAYER, with the aid of President SMITH, Rev. John WHEELER, Prof. BENEDICT, Hon. John N. POMEROY, and other public spirited citizens of Burlington, succeeded in reorganizing the Medical College. The new medical faculty consisted of Horatio NELSON, professor of surgery; S. W. THAYER, professor of anatomy; Orrin SMITH, professor of obstetrics; Henry ERNI, professor of chemistry; and Walter CARPENTER, professor of materia medics. Since this time the growth and prosperity of the institution have been uninterrupted, a fact which is owing mainly to the untiring efforts of Professors THAYER and CARPENTER. During their long connection with the medical department, these gentlemen have spared neither time nor labor in the promotion of its welfare. Prof. CARPENTER filled the chair of materia medica from the organization of the college in 1853; until 1857, when he was made professor of theory and practice, a position which he held until his resignation, in 1881. Prof. THAYER lectured on anatomy and surgery, besides discharging the duties of dean and secretary, from 1855 until 1872, when he left Burlington to reside for some years in the West. At this time he was made emeritus professor of anatomy. On his return to active practice in Burlington, in 1881, he was re appointed dean of the medical faculty, and took the chair of hygiene and State medicine. It is to the liberality of Prof. THAYER that the college owes a greater part of its museum.

      No single act of any person has conferred so much benefit upon the Medical College, however, as the generous deed of Miss Mary FLETCHER, in founding the hospital which bears her name. Since the opening of the Mary Fletcher Hospital, medical students have had access to its wards and amphitheatre, and are thus enabled to enjoy such clinical advantages as are afforded by very few, if any other places of the size of Burlington. The Medical College building is situated on the College Green, near the main University have spared neither time nor labor in the promotion of its welfare. Prof. CARPENTER filled the chair of materia medica from the organization of the college in 1853; until 1857, when he was made professor of theory and practice, a position which he held until his resignation, in 1881. Prof. THAYER lectured on anatomy and surgery, besides discharging the duties of dean and secretary, from 1855 until 1872, when he left Burlington to reside for some years in the West. At this time he was made emeritus professor of anatomy. On his return to active practice in Burlington, in 1881, he was re appointed dean of the medical faculty, and took the chair of hygiene and State medicine. It is to the liberality of Prof. THAYER that the college owes a greater part of its museum.

      No single act of any person has conferred so much benefit upon the Medical College, however, as the generous deed of Miss Mary FLETCHER, in founding the hospital which bears her name. Since the opening of the Mary FLETCHER Hospital, medical students have had access to its wards and amphitheatre, and are thus enabled to enjoy such clinical advantages as are afforded by very few, if any other places of the size of Burlington. The Medical College building is situated on the College Green, near the main University building, and within five minutes' walk of the Fletcher Hospital. Through the generosity of a number of the citizens of Burlington, it was repaired and enlarged in 1880, so that each of its two lecture rooms will now accommodate more than two hundred students. A two story addition has also been built, which contains a dissecting room and a chemical laboratory, both large, well appointed apartments.

      The Vermont Episcopal Institute. -- The Vermont Episcopal Institute was founded by the Rt. Rev. John Henry HOPKINS, D. D., LL. D., first Bishop of Vermont, and incorporated by the legislature November 114, 1854. John H. HOPKINS, Charles B. MARVIN, Thomas H. CANFIELD, Edward J. PHELPS, and Albert L. CATLIN constituted the first board of trustees, the latter three of whom still are members of the board. The property held by the corporation consists of a tract of land one hundred acres in extent, located upon Rock Point, distant about two miles from the Burlington post office, directly across the bay and within full view of the city, possessing advantages of extraordinary attraction in point of healthfulness, pure air, beautiful scenery, etc. In point of scenery, especially, the location is unexcelled Rock Point itself has already been mentioned for its wild, picturesque  aspect; but the lovely view it affords of the lake, the city, the Green and Adirondack Mountains, surpasses its own picturesqueness, and situated also, as it is, in the midst of an historical region, renders it, as we have said before, a peculiarly advantageous site for a school and seminary of learning. Upon this property is the brick residence of the late Bishop Hopkins, also a large stone building, erected from specimens of marble found on the place, 12 5 feet long, fifty seven feet wide at the northern end, and sixty six feet wide at the southern end, in which is a beautiful chapel, complete, for the accommodation of is 150 persons, and equipped with all other appurtenances for a first class boarding school, which will accommodate seventy five pupils, with the principal and his family. The style of architecture is the Collegiate Gothic, of the same general character which prevails in the English Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. The tower, sixty feet in height, projects twenty two feet, and the chancel window of the chapel, which is in the second story, is a fine example of ecclesiastical architecture. Inside, the chapel is decorated with several beautiful scripture paintings, executed by the late Bishop. The building itself, with its deeply recessed windows and doors, tall, projecting tower, and walls flanked with buttresses, presents an appearance which is universally considered grand and impressive.

      The school has been in operation twenty one years, under the charge of Rev. Theodore A. HOPKINS, a son of the late Bishop, and during that time acquired a wide and extensive reputation as a sound and thorough educator. He is now succeeded by Henry H. ROSS, A. M., an experienced teacher, well fitted for maintaining and increasing the high standard of instruction established by his predecessor. The original tract of land and all the buildings (except the seminary building which he erected during his life time) were owned by the late Bishop HOPKINS. In his experience as Bishop, he saw that Vermont was at best a small Diocese, and that by reason of the constant drain of its young and most active population to the more attractive fields in the West, the Church would be necessarily small and weak, and with difficulty could sustain a Bishop, and withal had no Church school within its borders. He determined, therefore, so far as he was able, to provide for this deficiency by "giving and devoting," as he expressed it in his deed, "all this property perpetually to the service of Almighty God, as the property of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Vermont, for the purpose of being the residence of the present and every future Bishop of said Diocese, and the site for a Theological Seminary and school in strict conformity to the standard doctrines, worship, and discipline of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America." The deed bears date December 15, 1854, and the property was then valued at $20,000.00, all of which he conveyed to the corporation for purposes set forth in the deed. From that time on he labored, and procured during his lifetime some $40,000.00, which was expended in the erection of the Seminary and other buildings, and the accumulation of a fund for the erection of a girls' school, the foundation of which he had commenced, when he was called from the Church militant to the Church triumphant, on the 9th day of January, 1868.

      Thus does the Church in Vermont possess, what can hardly be said of any other Diocese in the Union, a residence for her Bishop, with a farm of one hundred acres, furnishing ample room for the erection, in addition to the present ones, of buildings for a young ladies' school, a Theological Seminary, a hospital, and, indeed, all the buildings necessary for the full working and development of the Church, and this, too, through the efforts and labor, and by the donation of all the property he possessed in this world, of her devoted, venerable and lamented first Bishop. It is proper to say, however, that the late Bishop was assisted and sustained in all his undertakings and plans by a board of trustees, composed of clergymen and laymen from different parts of the Diocese, who always acted in harmony with him, and to whom the Church owes a debt of gratitude. While all of these labored and devoted time to the enterprise, without receiving a dollar of compensation, or even reimbursements for their expenses, it would not be invidious, we take it, to mention some who have served upon the Executive Committee and devoted much of their time and attention to the cause. Of these were the late Julius E. HIGGINS, of Brandon, James H. WILLIAMS, of Bellows Falls, Richard G. COLE, of Burlington, and Harmon CANFIELD, of Arlington, all of whom have gone to their rest; and of the living, Rt. Rev. Bishop BISSELL, Rev. Dr. SWEET, Hon. Roderick RICHARDSON, of Montpelier, Hon. George R CHAPMAN, of Woodstock, Hon. Alfred KEITH, of Sheldon, Hon. A. L. CATLIN, Artemus PROUTY, and Thomas W. CANFIELD, of Burlington, the latter gentleman having been treasurer most of the time, and closely identified with and assisting the late Bishop during the earlier years, when the construction and organization were going on, and who had, during that time, the immediate supervision and care of the whole property and assets of the corporation. In the last report of the convention of the Diocese, the trustees say: "It is now a quarter of a century since the late Bishop HOPKINS made his first annual report in behalf of the trustees of the convention. Some who were members of the Board then are with us today; and amid all the trying exigencies through which our Nation has passed during that time, the seven periods of financial disaster which have occurred, there has been no interruption in the workings of the Institute, and not a dollar of its funds has been lost, $73,000 of which have come into their hands." Between the residence and the Seminary building, the trustees have laid out a cemetery, overlooking the lake, which has been duty consecrated by the present Bishop of the Diocese, and a beautiful monument, designed by his eldest son, erected from money contributed by friends in different parts of the Diocese, appropriately marks the spot where rest the remains of the late Bishop and seven members of his family.
      The Burlington Commercial School. -- This institution was established by the present principal, Mr. G. W. THOMPSON, in 1878, since which time it has been steadily increasing in public favor, as a thorough educator in the training which fits young men for the business cares and responsibilities of life. Mr. THOMSON also is engaged by the city to teach penmanship and bookkeeping in the public schools.

      Here we will end our brief sketch of the educational advantages afforded by Burlington, "the City of Learning," as we have heard it called, with one other thought which presents itself. Some of the oldest residents are able to recall to mind a neat, dapper pedagogue, one who always insisted upon using a quill pen, and also obliged his pupils to do the same, though his penmanship, a specimen of which may be seen in an old Bible, in the possession of the BRINSMAID family, proclaimed him to have been a thorough master of the science. Years ago, however, he laid aside the ferule and quill, and went to his long rest. His son was named Chester -- Chester A. Arthur.

      The Fletcher Free Library. -- In the summer of 1873, Mrs. Mary L. FLETCHER, with her daughter, Miss Mary M. FLETCHER, gave to the city of Burlington twenty thousand dollars for the founding of a city library, to be called the Fletcher Free Library. Half of this sum was to be spent at once for books, the other half kept for a library fund. Charles RUSSELL, Henry LOOMIS, and Henry P. HICKOK, were named trustees of this fund. The mayor of the city, ex-officio, with Matthew H. BUCKHAM, L. G. WARE, E. J. PHELPS, and Samuel HUNTINGTON, were to be trustees of the library. Each board of trustees was empowered to fill vacancies in their numbers occasioned by death, resignation or removal from the city. The city government accepted the gift, and assumed the charge of the library, and have ever since shown a wise care of, and made generous appropriations for it, as an important means to public education and a credit to the city. The large room in the old courthouse, which the court had just vacated for their new building, was fitted with gallery and cases and the proper furnishings, and proved a commodious and light place for library use. Ten thousand dollars of the gift was spent, and an excellent selection made of standard books, with a good supply of the more popular sort. Since then, by a gift of four thousand dollars more, from its generous founders, and by kind gifts from various associations and from private persons, the library has grown to its present large proportions. The entire libraries of the Young Men's Christian Association, the Young Men's Association, and of Green Mountain lodge I. O. of O. F., -- in all upwards of two thousand volumes -- were turned over to the trustees. Besides which, Mr. B. B. SMALLEY presented to the library three very large and fine photographic views, and Mrs. Irene F. STETSON the well known steel engraving of Washington, by J. H. HILLS, of this city.

      The library now contains about 15,000 volumes and pamphlets, under the care of the efficient librarian, Mr. T. P. W. ROGERS, and is also a depository of public documents of the United States. Its generous founders, Mrs. Mary Lawrence (PEASLEE) FLETCHER and Miss Mary Martha FLETCHER, were the wife and daughter of Thaddeus R FLETCHER, one of the wealthiest and most prominent citizens of Burlington. Miss Mary M. FLETCHER, in addition to her share in founding the library, also established, in 1876, the public hospital mentioned in the sketch of the Medical College, the endowment of which called formerly a quarter of a million dollars. This hospital, in addition to its great value as an educator and a public benefit, has lately established (April, 1882,) a training school for nurses, under charge of a competent corps of professors, where those who intend to make nursing a profession, or any who may wish to receive instruction, may do so on payment of a small fee.

      Burlington Law Library Association. -- This association includes among its members nearly the whole membership of the bar of the county. They have a large library, located in the court house, which is much patronized by the legal profession, as the annual reports of many of the older States are taken. The officers are as follows: Russell S. TAFT, president; Charles E. ALLEN, secretary; W. L. BURNAP, treasurer, and Seneca HASELTON, librarian.

      Library of the University of Vermont. -- This library, containing 20,000 volumes, is spoken of on page 119, in connection with the University.

      This charitable institution was founded October 3, 1865, through the personal efforts of Miss Lucia T. WHEELER, of Burlington. A month later it was incorporated by the legislature, the object being to provide destitute children a home to "supply their necessities, promote their intellectual, moral and religious improvement, and fit them for situations of usefulness and self maintenance." The charity was placed under the control of a board, in which each denomination of the Protestant Church should be represented. The necessity for its establishment and the judicious character of its management, are apparent in the success of the charity from the first. Beginning with seven little waifs of society, it has, during the years of its existence, taken and found good homes for several hundred children, besides the hundred who are at present inmates of the institution. July 16, 1866, the U. S. Marine Hospital and grounds were purchased by the corporation for $7,000.00 the building enlarged and improved at a cost of $23,000.00 so that it will now accommodate one hundred inmates. The institution is maintained by a permanent fund of $51,000.00, in addition to which Mr. John P. HOWARD presented them, in 1881, with the magnificent opera house and block that bears his name, which cost over 100,000,00. The present officers of the institution, are as follows: President, Mrs. William C. HICKOK; vice president, Mrs. James A. SHEDD; treasurer, Mrs. L. M. CLAPP; secretaries, Mrs. C. E. MINER, and Mrs. A. G. PIERCE, assistant; managers. Mrs. J. SHEDD, Mrs. W. F. BOWMAN, Mrs. L. B. LORD, Mrs. S. C. KIMBALL, Mrs. C. E. MINER, Mrs. A. G. PIERCE, Mrs. Julia A. SPEAR, Mrs. C. B. GRAY, Mrs. C. M. SPAULDING, Mrs. B. TURK, Mrs. Theodore A. HOPKINS, Miss Carrie KINGSLAND, and Mrs. L. M. CLAPP; auditor of accounts, Mrs. Sarah C. COLE; advisory committee, Henry LOOMIS, Esq., Hon. William G. SHAW, Miss Mary C. TORREY, Mrs. Sarah C. COLE, and Edward LYMAN, Esq.; trustees of permanent fund, Charles T. WARD, Esq., Hon. William G. SHAW, and Hon. Samuel HUNTINGTON; county managers, Addison County, Mrs. A. P. TUPPER, of Middlebury; Bennington County, Miss S. E. PARK, of Bennington; Caledonia County, Mrs. C. E. STONE, of St. Johnsbury; Essex County, Mrs. C. E. BENTON, of Guildhall; Franklin County, Mrs. James SAXE, of St. Albans; Grand Isle County, Mrs. O. G. WHEELER, of South Hero; Lamoille County, Mrs. J. C. NOYES, of MORRISville; Orange County, Mrs. Aaron DAVIS, of Chelsea; Orleans County, Mrs. E. P. WILD, of Newport; Rutland County, Mrs. S. W. ROWELL, of Rutland; Washington County, Mrs. Joseph POLANA, of Montpelier; Windham County, Mrs. C. P. THOMPSON, of Brattleboro, Windsor County, Mrs. H. A. JOHNSON, of Woodstock.

      Their building was erected from an appropriation made by congress in 1855, of $35,000.00, for the erection of a marine hospital at Burlington, with a sum sufficient to purchase the land for a situation. A site was selected, two miles south of the village, on the west side of the Shelburne road, embracing ten acres, for which was paid $1,750.00. The building was commenced in 1856, and finished in 1858, during which later day another appropriation of $4,000.00 was made. As it was not occupied for the purposes for which it was constructed, when the late civil war began the military authorities went into possession, and it was occupied as a military hospital for several years, principally for Vermont soldiers.

      St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum, a Roman Catholic institution, located on the corner of Pearl and Prospect streets, was established by Bishop DE GOESBRIAND, the first Catholic Bishop of Vermont, in 1854, and incorporated in 1866. The Asylum receives destitute orphans, educates them, and as soon as possible furnishes them with suitable homes. The institution is managed by the Sisters of Charity, under the control of Sister Catharine, Superior. The Asylum has furnished, since its organization, homes for 1,400 children, while eighty four are now inmates.

      The first hotel was kept by Capt. Gideon KING,* on Battery street, who afterwards opened a hotel in the building now standing on the northeast corner of the square, known as the Strong block. The Howard House was kept for a long time on the north side of the square, where Turk's clothing store now is, and was destroyed by fire in 1848. The Green Mountain House, after wards called the Pearl Street House, at the head of Pearl street, was used as a hotel for many years. The place latterly called the Omnium Gatherum, on the corner of Pine and Pearl streets, was also one of the old time houses. A tavern was kept for about fifty years at the junction of the Winooski turnpike and the High bridge and Hinesburgh road, called the Eldridge place, and about one half mile east of the Eldridge place a tavern was kept by Maj. Ebenezer BROWN, and one also about two miles south of the city, on the Shelburne road. The Lake House, located on Battery street, a large, first class hotel, was destroyed by fire several years since. At present, the city has as good hotel accommodations as are to be found in the State.

      The American Hotel. -- This house, one of the old landmarks of the town has long been one of the most popular hotels in this region. Why it should be called the "American," and the hotel on the opposite corner be named the "Van Ness," we cannot conceive; for it should certainly have the honor, if honor it is, as a part of the building as it now stands was once the residence of Gov. VAN NESS, and in its time one of the finest in the town. Many historical incidents and episodes are connected with it, not the least of which, perhaps, is that Gen. LaFayette, during his visit to the city (village it was then), in 1825, held a levee in one of its parlors. 

      Quincy House. -- The Quincy House is a three story wood building, located on the northwest corner of St. Paul and Main streets. The building was enlarged from a dwelling house, and first opened as a hotel by Charles EATON, under the name of the Park House, in 1874.. The present proprietor, Mr. Diamond STONE, has greatly improved the place, thoroughly repairing it throughout, until it is now a neat, tasty hotel, with twenty sleeping apartments, and a dining room with capacity for accommodating fifty guests.

      Rowe's Hotel. -- This hotel, located on the northwest corner of Church and Cherry streets, is one of the old landmarks of the city, having been built previous to the year 1800. Many repairs have been made, however, so that the building now has a modern appearance. The present proprietor, Mr. H. S. KIMBALL, keeps a neat, respectable house, and is courteous to his guests.

      The Vermont Life Insurance Company, located at No. 17 9 Main street, was chartered by the legislature, October 28, 1868, with a capital of $100,000.00, and commenced business January 1, 1869. The first officers were, Russell D. TAFT, president; R. S. WIRES, vice-president; and Warren GIBBS, secretary. The present officers are, Warren GIBBS, president; Daniel ROBERTS, vice-president; and C. A. TURRILL, secretary.

      This handsome building, located on the southwestern corner of Bank and Church streets, was erected by Mr. John P. HOWARD, some four or five years ago. It is built of pressed brick, sixty five feet in height, 175 feet long and 75 feet wide. The auditorium has a capacity for seating 1,165 persons, is beautifully furnished and decorated, and has a stage 74x30 feet, The building, including site, cost between $115,000.00 and $120,000.00. Mr. HOWARD subsequently gave the house to the Home for Destitute Children.

      The date of the first interments in the town cannot now be ascertained, though it is known that Green Mount cemetery, located on Colchester avenue, was first used soon after the settlement of the town, and consisted of two acres until 1869, when it was extended to ten. In addition to this, the city now has four others, aggregating fifty six acres, devoted to this purpose. Lake View is the largest, covering thirty acres; Green Mount comes next with ten; Mount St. Joseph's (Roman Catholic) has eight; Elmwood Avenue five, and Calvary (French Roman Catholic) three, completing the fifty six acres. Elmwood Avenue Cemetery was the next established, occupying school lot number 113, and first used at the beginning of the present century. At the March meeting, in 1812, a committee, consisting of John JOHNSON, Charles ADAMS, and John ELDRIDGE, was appointed "to lay out and ascertain the graveyards in the town." At a meeting held April 19, 1813, this committee reported a plan for laying out what is now called the Eldridge and Elmwood Avenue Cemeteries, but stated that the interments in the burying ground at the Falls, now known as Green Mount Cemetery, were too irregular and crowded to allow it to be divided into lots and avenues. At an adjourned meeting held on the 24th of the same month, the committee, on request, reported a series of rules "for the regulation of the burying ground north of the village," now known as Elmwood Avenue Cemetery. These were formally adopted, and George ROBINSON, Charles ADAMS, and John JOHNSON were appointed a special committee to have the entire control, under the rules, of the ground. For a long series of years no continuous record of interments was kept, and it is therefore impossible to ascertain the aggregate number; and for a like reason the figures for Mount St. Joseph's cannot begin. In the period extending from 1860, to September 1, 1881, there were 1,598 interments in the cemetery last named; in Calvary Cemetery, from 1878, to the same date, 173; and in Lake View, from 1868, to the same date, 847.

      Green Mount Cemetery, however, retains the respect and honor due to age, and attracts hundreds of visitors each year, not particularly on account of its beauty, though a beautiful spot it is, and not to obtain a glance at the magnificent view it affords, but to gaze upon a magnificent monument, which marks the spot where rest the remains of one of Vermont's greatest patriots and heroes, Ethan ALLEN. The monument to Ethan ALLEN was erected by the State of Vermont, by authority of an act of the legislature, passed in 1855, which appropriated $2,000.00 for that purpose, which by contributions, etc, was increased to $2,700.00, the total cost of the monument, though it was not completed until 1873, the exercises attending its unveiling occurring July 4th of that year. It is of Barre granite, the base of the pedestal being eight feet square on the ground, and consists of two steps of granite, on which rests a die of solid granite six feet square, in the four faces of which are set panels of white marble bearing the inscriptions. Above the pedestal rises a Tuscan shaft of granite, four and a half feet in diameter and forty two feet high. Upon its capital, on a base bearing the word "Ticonderoga," stands a heroic statue of ALLEN, eight feet four inches high, modeled by Peter Stephenson, sculptor, of Boston, now deceased, and cut in Italy, intending to represent ALLEN as he appeared on that eventful moment when he demanded the surrender of the fort "in the name of the Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress." The monument is protected by a fence of original design, the corner posts of which are iron cannon, and the pales are muskets, with bayonets, resting on abase of cut granite. The inscriptions are as follows:

Transcribed by Karima Allison ~ 2004