Infamous Offences
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Murder of William B. Moore by Ambrose Cox Evening Star April 5, 1860 (Washington DC) Murder in Floyd County, Va – A cruel
and deliberate murder is reported to have been committed in Floyd county on
Sunday night last, by a man named Ambrose Cox. A correspondent of the
Wytheville Times gives the subjoined particulars of the affair. Capt. Luke
Cox, the father of Ambrose, had recently divided a tract of land between he
two daughters, on of whom married a gentleman by the name of Moore. Ambrose became
angry, it is said, on hearing of the division and swore that Moore should
never enjoy any of the advantages of the land, that he would shoot hum, and
put an end to it at once. These threats were made coolly & deliberately,
and at different times, and a few days ago he determined to carry them into
effect. He invited a brother in law of his, in the presence of two witnesses,
to go to the home with him that night, and remarked that he intended raising
the devil on the creek that night. He visited Moore’s house, and the family
seeing him coming with his rifle on his shoulder, and knowing of his threats,
barred the door against him. He knocked, and they refused to admit him, he
thereupon forced the door, and taking aim at Moore, shot him trough the heart.
Moore’s wife sprang before him, and he actually retired over her shoulder. He
then proceeded to load his gun again after which he went away. He was
arrested the next day and is now contained in the Floyd jail. Mr. Moore died
in the course of an hour. Cox has shot at men before and stabbed others,
among them members of his own family, not excepting his own father, whom he
has maltreated time and again. Richmond Whig, Richmond, VA, September 14, 1860 LETTER FROM FLOYD COUNTY – IMPORTANT CRIMINAL TRIAL Floyd C.H., Sept 9 To the Editor of the Whig: On Monday last the Fall term of Floyd Circuit Court commenced its
session. Owing to the fact that Ambrose Cox was to be tried for shooting his
brother-in-law, William B. Moore, in March last, an unusually large crowd was
in attendance, and continued in attendance throughout the week. Owing to the
absence of witnesses, the trial did not commence until Tuesday. It continued
until Friday evening, when the closing speech for the Commonwealth was
concluded, and the jury retired, and after an absence of one hour, returned
into the court with a verdict of guilty of voluntary manslaughter, and
confinement in the Penitentiary for five years. The Commonwealth war
represented by Henry Lane, Esq, Commonwealth’s Attorney for Floyd county, and
Edmund-Irvine, Esq., of Franklin, and L. A. Buckingham, of Carroll. Messrs.
Waller R. Staples, Benjamin F. Wysor, John J. Wade,
Martin H. Holt and James L. Tompkins appeared for the defense. |
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Anderson Intelligencer, Anderson SC, March 18, 1903 J. M. Webb, a prominent farmer of Floyd County, VA, was shot
& killed by his son in an altercation between them. |
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(Special to The Times-Dispatch.) ROANOKE, VA., October 15, 1905 John W. Richards is to Be Placed On Trial in Floyd Today SHOOTING WAS FROM AMBUSH There Were No Witnesses. The Slain-Man Was On His Way to His
Fiancé’s. The trial of John W. Richards, charged with the murder of Maurice
K. Francis, of Roanoke, will be called in the Floyd County Circuit Court
tomorrow, Judge Moomaw, of Roanoke, presiding. The
case is ex¬ citing intense interest throughout this section, largely
owing to the prominence of the accused
and the young man who was slain, and particularly the nature of the crime. Richards is a Floyd county teacher and a last-year law student at
the University of Virginia. The murder occurred two months ago, Francis being
shot on the public road from ambush, while in route to Floyd to visit his
fiancé, Miss Grace Link, to whom he was to have been married during this
month. Richards was a rival suitor, and suspicion pointed to him, although
there was no witness to the tragedy. He was arrested two weeks after the
killing by detectives. One hundred witnesses have been summoned, and the legal force
employed makes it the most interesting legal battle ever tried in this
section. The prisoner, twenty-one years of age, will be defended by Cabell
and Custer, of Danville, and by A. A. Phlegar, ex-justice of the Virginia
Supreme Court. H. W. Simmons, Commonwealth's Attorney, will be assisted by
Samuel H. Hoge of Roanoke, and Joseph C. Wysor, of
Pulaski. A large number of Roanokers left today to
attend the trial. The Tazewell Republican, Tazewell, VA, Thursday, August 20, 1908 Charged with murder of a rival J0HN RICHARDS IS FREE. Fifth Trial of Man Accused of Murder Ends
In Acquittal. The fifth and final trial of John Richards, a young school
teacher, charged with the murder of his rival in love, Maurice Francis, was
concluded Friday afternoon at Floyd Courthouse, when the jury after being out
twenty minutes, brought in a verdict of not guilty. This has been one of the
most remarkable cases in many respects that has happened in the State for
many years, and the details of the case, no doubt, are still fresh in the
minds of many people. Maurice Francis, a highly respected young man of
Roanoke, was on his way to Floyd to visit Miss Gracie Link, with whom he was
engaged to be married, and when within a short distance of her home he was
shot from ambush with a shotgun loaded with shot and slugs. Young Francis was
taken to a near-by residence and Miss Link sent for, she arriving just a
short while before he breathed his last. It was to her that Francis made the
statement: "Jealousy is a horrible thing, John Richards." A shot
bottle, found near the scene of murder, was identified as the one, or just
like the one John Richards had had in his possession. A warrant was issued
for the arrest of Richards, but he eluded arrest for ten days, then
surrendered himself to the authorities. The first and second trials of
Richards resulted in hung juries, in both instances the jury standing seven
for conviction and five for acquittal. Both these juries were from Floyd
county; and it was decided that the third one should be selected from Patrick
county. This jury brought in a verdict of murder in the first degree, and Richards
sentenced to hang January 4, 1907. His attorneys appealed the case, and the
Supreme Court set aside the verdict and remanded the prisoner for a new
trial. Last April Richards was tried for the fourth time and a hung jury
resulted, standing nine for acquittal and three for conviction. The
Commonwealth's Attorney refused to nolle pros the case, whereupon Judge Moffet declared that he would not sit in the case again
but would appear as a witness for the defense at the fifth trial, which ended
Friday in acquittal of the prisoner. Immediately following the close of the
second trial in April 1906, the father, mother and brother of Richards died
from pneumonia, superinduced by exposure in attending the trial, the three
deaths occurring within ten days. |
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The Burlington Free Press, Burlington VT, Feb 4, 1892 His killed number ninety-nine Trial of Saltan Hall who has long list
of murders to his credit. Morristown, Tenn Jan. 29. The trial
Salton Hall, who is said to have killed 99 men, commenced at Gladville, Va., Tuesday. The crime for which Hall is now
being tried is the murder of Policeman Hylton of Norton, Va., who had under
arrest Miles Bates, Hall's alleged accomplice. Hall has the reputation of
having killed by himself more people than any other living man. He has
killed, it is said, a man in Cattettsurg, Ky., his
stepfather, three cousins, two brothers-in-law, his second wife's first
husband and several others. He assisted in the killing or wounding of all the
members of the Floyd county, Virginia, Jones family. Shortly after that he
killed the Sheriff of Floyd county. Dick Nance, the Knott county desperado
was killed by Hall. He threw his half-brother, John Adams, from a window in Cattlettsburg, Ky., and died from the injury received.
Hall then returned to the mountains and met the wife of a man named Saylor.
Saylor was killed, and Hall left with the woman. He afterward fell in with
Milt Turner and killed him. He went to Cobourne,
Va., last summer and offered to kill Jesse Day for $5. From there he went to
Norton a killed Policeman Hylton. The sheriff and a large posse are on guard
over him to protect him from mob violence and to defeat his friends, who
swear they will release him. Excitement is high and there is talk of burning
the jail in which he is confined. |
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Columbus Journal, Columbus, Nebr,
Wednesday, January 18, 1899 It is reported from Floyd county, Virginia, that a man by the
name of Underwood, who was suspected of being an informer on moonshiners, was
seized by a gang of the latter and his throat cut. He was then thrown across
a log and decapitated with an ax. |
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The Memphis Daily Appeal, Memphis TN, Thursday, April 17, 1873 WHOLESALE Murder. A Madman is the Streets of Galveston Killed One Man and Wounds
Five Others. The Citizens in a Frenzy of Excitement -- Lynch Law and Mobbing
Suggested. The Criminal In Jail Takes It Coolly ,and Regrets he was not Able
to Kill All he Met. From the Galveston Weekly Times Yesterday was a day almost unparalleled in the history of
Galveston. As soon as the news of the bloody series of stabbings made by Helm
became known, and as full particulars were circulated through the medium of
the Times extra, issued at eleven o'clock in the morning, the excitement
became intense, and many spoke of lynching, mobbing, etc. The feeling in
favor of this course was so great that it was deemed inadvisable by the
police and others to take the murderer from the jail for examination. The
immensity of the crimes committed appalled our community, and as each fresh
detail appeared, the indignation grew more intense, until two o'clock active
fears were entertained in regard to the safety of Helm. THE PARTICTLARS, which we here vouch for as correct in every fact
stated, and which we have, at much trouble, gleaned from every individual
having the least connection with the terrible tragedy, are presented below.
We have been to the trouble of interviewing every one of the parties
assaulted, and visiting them personally, with the view of getting at the
facts, and here they are: Helm arrived in our city on last Friday though we
have heard it said that parties have seen him here for the past month and
stopped at the Chicago house. On Sunday, the landlord heard a great outcry in
the room occupied by Helm, and going up, heard Helm crying "Murder,
Murder!" in a tone of voice alarming to the neighborhood. He quieted
him, and nothing out of the way was done until Sunday night. About half past
nine o'clock, Helm, who is about twenty-five years old, five feet seven
inches in height, with black hair and moustache and blue eyes, and or medium
build, entered the market-house from the west side and passing through,
stopped at the coffee-stall near the entrance. He sat here awhile, and rising
from his seat, passed down toward the entrance. FIRST Victim. Mr. George N. Clemens, an employee of Freeman &
Deary, painters, corner of Market and twenty-second streets, was sitting at
the coffee-stand drinking coffee when Helm passed him, and as he did so, drew
his knife, and without saying a word struck Clemens under the left arm, the
blade entering between the two last ribs, the knife entered but a short
distance, inflicting a wound about three-quarter s of an inch long, and half
an inch deep, a painful but not a serious one. SECOND VICTIM. Helm left the market-house, and proceeding across
Twentieth street, toward Mechanic, came up with Dan Mehan,
who was going to his home. He was in the middle of the street, when Helm passed
him upon the left hand, at the same time dealing him a blow with his right,
inflicting a stab in the back, a little below the left shoulder, about an
inch deep and an inch long. THIRD VICTIM. Helm here started in a run up Mechanic. Between
Twentieth and Nineteenth streets he met Thomas Burns, an old gray-headed man,
small in stature. Him Helm met in the middle of the street. We will let him
relate what occurred: "I was coming from Geldmacher's
saloon, going toward the market, when a man passed me in the middle of the
street. He turned as he passed, and struck me with a knife, which I saw open
in his hand. Felt that I was wounded, and asked to be taken to the hospital,
which was done. Never saw the man before." Burns was also stabbed in the
back, below the left shoulder, three inches to the left of the spine, the
blade of the knife entering about an inch and a half or two inches and making
a wound about an inch and a half long from which he bled considerably. FOURTH VICTIM. Helm then came back to the south side of Mechanic
street, and at Lousen's blacksmith shop, on the
corner of Nineteenth street, came upon a party of four, of which John Myers
was one. His statement is as follows: "I was walking on the inside, and
the man passed between me and the wall, inflicting as he passed, a stab in
the back. 'Helm was not running but walking very fast. I fell, when the man
passed out into the middle of the street. My friends who were with me, as
soon as I called out that I was stabbed, ran different ways, but all soon
came back, and I was carried to No 2's engine house. They were unarmed. Mr.
Myers, who has been driver of No. 2 engine, was cut in the back, the blade
entering about an inch and a half, in close proximity to the spine, and right
over the kidneys, narrowly missing them. He bled profusely. After striking
Myers, Helm passed down Mechanic street. Mr. Grifiln,
who was with Mr. Myers, ran up to the vicinity of the
"hobbyhorses," where he met Policeman Ferguson. He told the latter
that a man was stabbed up the street, and that the one who did it had a knife
in his hand and advised Ferguson to draw his pistol. This the latter declined
to do fearing an indictment by the grand jury, should he he
tempted to use it, even though he knew the man was dangerous. FIFTH VICTIM KILLED. Griffin left him, and Ferguson proceeded on
alone, to his death, as it proved. He came up with Helm, on the corner above
the cotton-press, and stopping him, endeavored to arrest him, holding his
baton as though to ward off any blow that might be inflicted. Helm instantly
turned, and before the officer was aware of his intention, stabbed him in the
breast. He then knocked him down with a blow of his fist, and while Ferguson
was down, stooped and stabbed him twice more in the breast. It was during his
struggle with Helm that Ferguson, feeling himself mortally wounded, called
out "murder," which alarmed both Benison and Donavan, and made them
rush from different quarters to the rescue. It was while Ferguson was being
held and Helm had him down, that Benison came upon the scene in response to
Ferguson's call for help. SIXTH VICTIM FATALLY WOUNDED. Next to Ferguson, Benison is the
most seriously hurt. He received two deep stabs, one an inch and a half long,
between the shoulders, to the left of the spine, penetrating the lung, from
which he bleeds internally. The other was further to the left and higher up,
fully as deep but not so dangerous. He suffers greatly from his wounds, but
when we conversed with him yesterday he spoke with great effort, and not
above a whisper. The physician expresses but little hope of his recovery. His
name is Walter Benison. It was while Benison was holding Helm that policeman
Donovan arrived upon the scene. This was on Seventeenth street, between
Market and Mechanic. A BRAVE POLICEMAN! Donovan acted with great bravery and coolness,
and proved himself a thorough and efficient officer, fully equal to the
emergency, as soon as Benison was freed he staggered home, where he now is.
Thus, ended one of the most coldblooded, atrocious and inhuman series of
crimes that it has ever been our misfortune to recount. The assassin, in all
his various attacks, was actuated but by one purpose, and that was not to
wound or disable, but to kill. He chose in every instance the most vulnerable
and mortal part in which to stab, and it will be noticed that the knife was
always plunged into the left side. That more men are not dead is not his
fault, and had it not been for plucky and determined Policeman Donovan, there
is no telling what his might have done. Not Crazy. That Helm is not crazy, his circumstantial and minute
account of all he had done conclusively proves. It is supposed that he was
recovering from an attack of mania a potu caused by
hard drinking in New Orleans. It was a most horrible, cold blooded attempt at
wholesale murder, and unless actual insanity is proved beyond the shadow of a
doubt - proved so strongly that nobody dare doubt it – an outraged and
indignant public will his instant trial and condemnation. BIOGRAPHICAL BY THE PRISONER. " My name is James B. Helm,
and I am from Floyd county, Virginia, where I have a father and mother. I
started from Floyd county to go to Collin county, Texas, where I have an
uncle. When I got to New Orleans a lot of men swindled me out of my money,
and the stage-driver charged me eleven dollars for riding me a mile to the
depot. l came here Friday on a steamer and stopped at the Chicago house; when
I had been there a few minutes, two men came in pretending to have a warrant
for me. They could not fool me, but the proprietor turned me out. Men, and
horses, and cabooses, and street cars, were all after me, trying to kill me.
They tried to smother me with fire in their fire proof houses. But I scouted
round till I came to the market-house and ate my supper at the coffee-stand,
and I drank three glasses of soda-water. The men and things were all after
me, and I saw no other chance of escaping, so thought I would give up. After
sitting there, I saw several of them priming their pistols, and I drew out my
knife and thought I would make away with one of them anyhow. Then I lammed my
knife into one of them, and the second one I stabbed at the corner of the
street and the market-house. I then started down the street and stuck my
knife into another. A policeman tried to shoot me, and I stabbed him three
times. There was an old man jumped up to take the policeman's part after he
fell down and made a lunge at me and fell flat on his belly, and I jumped on
his back and lunged my knife in him; 1 think 1 stabbed him three times in the
back. He then got me under, and he was on top when the other policeman came
up and got my knife. I was carried up to the station-house, or whatever you
call it (you had better call it a slaughter-house). Anybody would have done
what I did. They had been trying to kill me for two days. If I had had a good
knife and plenty of time, I would "got away" with lots of 'em. I knew I was gone up, and I was going to kill as many
as I could. I came here to go to Western Texas, Collin county. I am here now
for murder, I suppose, and I want to be dealt with according to law. I am
under the United States law and am willing to submit to it. I was in the
fifty-fourth confederate regiment during the last six months of the war. I am
twenty-five years old next October." |
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Big Sandy, Louisa, Lawrence County, KY, August 21, 1914 FIVE UNKNOWN ITALIAN BANDITS KILL AND ROB MINE OFFICIAL GLEN ALUM TRAGEDY DEATH TOLL ELEVEN, WITH TWO OF SHERIFF’S POSSE
WOUNDED Eleven Lives Lost and Two Wounded in Bloody Battles Near Glen
Alum, W. Va. One of the Most Horrible Tragedies in History of Mingo County. First published account of the murder and robbery at Glen Alum,
W. Va., was the following In the Williamson Dally News of Saturday, August -
10th. The scene of the tragedy is on the N. & W. railway about 30 miles
east of Williamson: Dr. W. D. Amick, company physician; F. D. Johnson, electrician
and, Joseph Shielor, pay master, of the Glen Alum
Coal Company, were murdered by highwayman just before noon Friday. This startling Information reached here in shape of a message to
Sheriff G. W. Hatfield, who organized a posse and started to the scene on a
special train, placed at his disposal by N. & W. officials. Walter Speed, the N. W. agent at Glen Alum, telephoned to
officials of the Glen Alum Coal Company, who were in Williamson attending
court, that the bodies of the murdered men had been discovered by two
traveling men who were walking from the station toward the camp. Other messages were received By the officials of the company, but
none of them gave further details. It was not stated whether the three
victims had been shot or killed In some other manner. It was stated here that the amount of money secured by the
highwaymen was in the neighborhood of $10,000. The money was shipped on No.
15 from a Lynchburg bank and Dr. Amick, Johnson and Shielor
met the train to act as guards from the Glen Alum station to the coal camp, a
distance of four miles. The murder occurred somewhere between the main line station and
the camp. The topography of the locality is such as to afford numerous hiding
places near the track. Evidently the highwaymen were well posted as to the mission of
their victims and it is believed by local authorities that the lay in wait
and shot down their victims before making any demand for the money. It is also believed that the assassins are employees of the Glen
Alum company or had been employees at some time or other. No word reached
here until press time that there was any real clue to their identity. The assassins were doubtless acquainted with the Conditions at
Glen Alum, for they chose a most auspicious time for their foul deed. General Superintendent Yost, Treasurer Fink and Hubert Butcher,
special officer, and Magistrate Howard Toler were all in Williamson attending
court as witnesses, and until, the arrival of the sheriff with his posse
there was no one to organize pursuit. No. 15 passes Glen Alum at 11:05 a. m. It was probably half an
hour later when the three men met their death. The first message reached here
about 1:20 and at 2:15 the engine carrying the sheriff's posse left for Glen
Alum, a distance of 30 miles. It was stated that a stop would be made at Matewan
to take on the bloodhounds owned by Al Hoskins. These dogs are young but have
shown well on the trail. Messages have been sent to every station along the N. & W.
and scores of officers are watching every train Sheriff Hatfield will take
his posse into the mountains and the viciousness of the crime makes it almost
certain that the assassins will offer resistance if found. The three murdered men were among the prominent citizens of the
county. Dr. Amick was widely known and had been physician- at Glen Alum for a
number of years- - 'He was prominent In public affairs and was well liked and
highly respected. He leaves a wife and several children. Mr. Johnson was a native of and had been in the employ of the
company for several years. He Is also survived by a wife and family. Mr. Shielor's home, it is stated, was
in Floyd county, Virginia. He was single. This article goes on & on & on….. |
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Moyer Harter Charged with Killing Murray DeHart, near Floyd Greensboro Daily News, Saturday June 23, 1928 |
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Murder of Freeda Bolt by Buren Harmon THE ROANOKE TIMES
Roanoke, Virginia, Thursday Morning, December 19, 1929--18 pages Discovery of the
body was made by Sheriff Hilton, of Floyd, and two deputies who, acting on
the reported statements of Buren Harmon, of Floyd county, who has been held
since the girl's disappearance, that the body would be found beneath several
logs, about thirty yards from the highway, where the highway makes a bend on
the mountain. DISCOVERED BODY. The body, fully
clothed, was found in a secluded spot in the woods, and was in a fair state
of preservation, Dr. G. A. L. Kolmer, Roanoke county
coroner, said at 1:30 o'clock this morning, in a telephonic communication. A heavy cord had
been tied tightly around the victim's neck, but whether or not this had been
used for the purpose of strangulation or to drag the body from the road to
its hiding place, Dr. Kolmer and Deputy Sheriff J.
L. Richardson were unable to say. Only a cursory examination was made this
morning before the body was removed to the home of J. D. Willett, half a mile
from the scene. REMOVE BODY TO
SALEM. The girl, daughter
of Mr. and Mrs. J. K. Bolt, who reside about seven mile from Willis, had been
boarding in Willis, while attending school. Telling friends, she was going to
be married, she left her boarding house last Thursday night and, according to
her father's report to police here, she was later seen in company with
Harmon, apparently headed toward Roanoke. SEEN IN FLOYD
FRIDAY. Since that time,
Mr. Bolt had asked the aid of police in the principal cities of the State in
helping to locate his daughter. It was at first thought that she probably had
come to Roanoke, since Harmon had friends here. Search, however, was extended
to Richmond and other cities. Deputy Sheriff J.
L. Richardson, accompanied by Dr. G. A. L. Kolmer,
county coroner, and R. T. Hubard, commonwealth's
attorney, of Salem, went to the scene, arriving there shortly after midnight. The Roanoke Times FOLLOWS
RECOMMENDATION MADE BY STATE EXPERTS In a courtroom
almost deserted, with scarcely a score of persons looking on, Buren Harman,
who for nine days had been on trial for his life in Roanoke county circuit
court, was sentenced at 5:30 o’clock yesterday afternoon to spend the
remainder of his life in the penitentiary. The dramatic and
sudden end of this bitterly fought murder case came about through a compromise
reached by opposing counsel after the regular court session had adjourned and
the crowd of spectators had dispersed. The verdict carried out the
recommendation of two recognized experts on mental disease, who spent the
greater part of the day in making a thorough examination of the prisoner. It was the opinion
of the experts, as set forth in a written statement, that Harman is feeble
minded within the meaning of Virginia law on the subject and possesses the
mind of a child eight years and eleven months old. They concluded also that
he shows symptoms of dementia praecox in its early stages and stated that he
is "an extremely dangerous person." NOT CRIMINALLY
RESPONSIBLE The verdict read: The prisoner heard
the verdict with the same immobile countenance which has characterized his
demeanor throughout the trial. He had previously learned his fate as one of
his attorneys whispered in his ear the compromise which had been reached. A
slight movement of the upper lip, followed a moment later by the faintest
suggestion of a smile, were noted. That was all. After standing to hear
sentence pronounced, the youth’s attitude as he left the court room was one
of weariness, but there was no show of emotion. Dr. J. S. DeJarnette, superintendent of the Western State Hospital
at Staunton, and Dr. John H. Bell, superintendent of the State Epileptic
Colony at Lynchburg, were the men whose conclusions brought the trial to its
dramatic climax. Summoned as witnesses for the Commonwealth these two experts
in mental diseases, arrived at the court house yesterday morning. After some
delays caused by conferences of attorneys, they sought permission to examine
the prisoner. MOTION GRANTED They were a long
time in completing the examination. There were some delays when they began
and after five hours in which only the prisoner, the two doctors, and three
members of defense counsel were in Judge Kiesters’
office, word came that they were through at 4:50 p. m. Attorneys in the case
were informed of the nature of their conclusions and the Commonwealth asked
time for a conference. As it was near the hour for closing court for the day,
Judge Keister instructed the bailiff to announce that court was adjourned
until 10 a. m. today. This was done and the crowd, which had sat patiently
through long HARMAN IS HELD IN
HENRICO JAIL TO AWAIT ORDERS Harman,
accompanied by Sheriff George R. Richardson, of Roanoke county, after a
hurried automobile trip from Salem reported to the penitentiary shortly
before midnight and was immediately transferred to the Henrico jail pending
the arrival of formal court commitment orders. Harman, described
as "a dangerous man" by alienists at the end of his trial today,
gave him no trouble on the trip which was uneventful, Sheriff Richardson
said. State prison
authorities expected court orders tomorrow and the immediate beginning of
Harman’s long term as an inmate of the prison. |
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Elgin Bolt &
Jeff Nowlin The Times
Dispatch: Richmond, VA, Wednesday, April 24, 1907
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J. Merritt
Underwood Poisoning by Charles Bennett Bluefield Daily
Telegraph Thursday Morning Nov, 14
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