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This
gazetteer has been developed as an ancillary resource to the heraldry
information provided within the individual surname pages of our web-site. As
such this resource will continue to grow as we research the heraldic
components of additional family surnames. The
purpose of this gazetteer is to assist with accessing additional information
about the places cited within Rietstap’s Armorial
General. To find the
historical locations of persons with known armorial bearings click on the
link above and enter the surname you are researching into the search box. All
listings in the gazetteer are alphabetized by the French spelling because the
aforementioned resource is written in that language. The English equivalent name is located in
the second column. Each name has been
linked to the appropriate webpage at Wikipedia, or other appropriate source,
so that you may explore the locale in more depth. Because most political boundaries have
changed, especially in continental Europe, each entry contains a brief
definition of the locale usually between the 16th and 19th
centuries, as well as a description of where to find the historical locale in
the 21st century. |
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If
you just want to browse . . . . . use the buttons to take you directly
to that section of the gazetteer where place
names correspond with the letter in the button. |
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LOOKING FOR A SPECIFIC Name, Place, or Keyword ?? Use the “Find” function in the Edit pull down menu. You can also access this function by
holding down the Control key while pressing the F key (Ctrl+F) on your keyboard. |
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A
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French Name Abbreviation |
English
Name |
Historical Entity / Modern Entity |
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Allemagne Allem. |
Historical: The first nation state
named "Germany" began in 1871; before that Germany referred to a
geographical entity comprising many states populated by German speakers. As
such Germany would most likely refer to any location
with the following 19th century entities: the German
Confederation of 1815-1866; and the North
German Confederation of 1866-1871 which became the German Empire of 1871-1918.
Modern: In addition to
present-day Germany, large parts of what comprised the German Empire
are now located within the following modern European countries of: France, Belgium, Denmark, Czech Republic, Poland,
Russia, and Lithuania. |
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Amsterdam |
Historical: By 1275
the town of Amstelland fell under the
administrative jurisdiction of the Prince-bishop's Sticht
Utrecht, and was a city in the former County of Holland. By the 16th century
Amsterdam had come under the rule of the House of Burgundy and subsequently the House of Habsburg as part of the Holy
Roman Empire and continued so until
the establishment of the Dutch
Republic that was in existence from
1581 to 1795. It became a part of the United
Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815
and remains so today. Modern: The city is located in the province of North Holland
in the west of the country. It comprises the northern part of the Randstad. |
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Angoumois |
Historical: Angoumois was a county and province of France. Modern: Today its area closely
corresponds to the Charente département. |
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Artois Art. |
Historical: Artois is a former province of northern France. Modern:
Today Artois occupies the interior of the Pas-de-Calais département. |
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Autriche Aut. |
Historical:
During the 16th to 19th centuries “Austria” might
refer to a locale within the Holy Roman Empire; the Austrian Empire a modern era
successor empire centered on what is today's Austria
and which officially lasted from 1804 to 1867.; or the Austro-Hungarian
Empire. Modern: Today
much of the old Austrian Empire is the country of modern Austria. Other
current European states would primarily include the Czech
Republic; Croatia, Serbia, Poland, Italy, Slovakia, and Slovenia. |
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Auvergne Auv. |
Historical: An historic province in south central France. It was originally the
feudal domain of the Counts of
Auvergne. Modern: Today, the whole of the province of Auvergne is
contained inside the administrative région of Auvergne, a région which
also includes provinces and territories that were not part of Auvergne
historically. The capital of the région of
Auvergne is Clermont-Ferrand. |
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B
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French Name Abbreviation |
English
Name |
Historical Entity / Modern Entity |
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Bade |
Historical: The Grand Duchy of Baden was a historical state in the southwest of Germany, on the east bank
of the Rhine. It existed
between 1806 and 1918. It came into existence in the 12th century as the Margraviate of Baden and subsequently
split into different lines, which were unified in 1771. It became the
much-enlarged Grand Duchy of Baden through the dissolution of the Holy
Roman Empire
in 1803–06 and remained a sovereign country until it joined the German Empire in 1871, remaining
a Grand Duchy until 1918 when it became part of the Weimar Republic as the Republic
of Baden.
In 1945, the French military government created the state of Baden (originally known
as "South Baden") out of the southern half of the former Baden. The northern half of the old Baden was
combined with northern Württemberg and formed the
state of Württemberg-Baden. Both states
became states of West
Germany
upon its formation in 1949. In 1952 Baden merged with Württemberg-Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern to form Baden-Württemberg. Modern: Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states of Germany. Baden-Württemberg is in the southwestern
part of the country to the east of the Upper Rhine. The state capital is Stuttgart. |
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Bâle |
or Basel-City |
Historical: Basel or Basle was a canton of
Switzerland that was in existence
between 1501 and 1833. Modern: Since 1833 Basel has been the
two present-day 'half-cantons' of Basel-City
and Basel-Country. Basel-City
is located where the Swiss, French and German borders meet. Basel-Country
shares borders with the cantons of Basel-Stadt, Solothurn, Jura and Aargau,
and with the French région of Alsace and
the German
state of Baden-Württemberg. |
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Bavičre Bav. |
Historical: In the 17th century, the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy
Roman Empire of the German Nation.
The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918. Modern:
A state of Germany,
located in the southeast of Germany. Modern Bavaria also includes parts of
the historical regions of Franconia,
Upper Palatinate and Swabia. |
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Belgique Belg. |
Historical: From the 16th century until 1830 Belgium was a part
of the Netherlands. In 1831 the southern provinces of the Netherlands
officially separated and became an independent French-speaking named
Belgium. Modern: Today Belgium is the same state as it was in 1831. |
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Berlin |
Historical: Berlin was the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1918), the German Empire
(1871–1918), the Weimar Republic (1919–33) and the Third Reich
(1933–45). After World War II, the city became divided into East Berlin—the
capital of East Germany—and West Berlin,
a West German exclave
from 1961–89. Following German
reunification in 1990, the city
regained its status as the capital of Germany. Modern:
Today Berlin is the capital city of Germany
and one of the 16 states of Germany. It is located in northeastern Germany on the River
Spree. |
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Bois-le-Duc |
Historical: From 1183 to 1795 's-Hertogenbosch
was a part of the Duchy
of Brabant. By 1629 it had been
cut-off from the rest of the duchy and the area was treated by the Dutch
Republic as an occupation zone without political liberties.
From 1806, the city became part of France. It
was captured by the Prussians in 1814. The next year, when the United
Kingdom of the Netherlands was
established, it became the capital of North Brabant. Modern: 's-Hertogenbosch literally
"The Duke's Forest") is a city and municipality
in the southern Netherlands. It is the
capital of the province of North Brabant. |
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Bourgogne Bourg. |
Historical: The old Duchy of Burgundy became a part of France in 1477. Modern:
The modern-day administrative région
comprises most of the former duchy. |
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Brabant Brab. |
Historical: The Province of Brabant aka. South Brabant
was a part of the United
Kingdom of the Netherlands from
1815 until 1830. Upon Belgium's independence in 1831 it was renamed to simply
Brabant and remained a province
of the new Kingdom of Belgium until 1995.
Modern: Today the old
province of Brabant is three separate entities. They are the Flemish Brabant, the Walloon Brabant and Brussels-Capital Region. |
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Brabant septentrional Brab. sept. |
Historical: Until the 17th century, the area that now makes up the province of
North Brabant was mostly part of the Duchy of Brabant. In 1796, when the Dutch Republic became
the Batavian Republic, Staats-Brabant
became a province as Bataafs
Brabant. In 1815, the province of
North Brabant was established and so named to distinguish it from South Brabant in present-day Belgium. Modern: North
Brabant mostly called Brabant, is a province of the Netherlands,
located in the south of the country. |
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Brandebourg |
Historical: Brandenburg was one of seven electoral states of the Holy
Roman Empire,
and, along with Prussia, formed the original core of the German Empire. Governed by the Hohenzollern dynasty from 1415,
it contained the future German capital Berlin. After 1618 the Margraviate of Brandenburg and the Duchy of Prussia were combined to
form Brandenburg-Prussia, which was ruled
by the same branch of the House
of Hohenzollern.
In 1701 the state was elevated as the Kingdom
of Prussia.
When Prussia was subdivided into provinces in 1815, the territory of the Margraviate of Brandenburg became the Province of Brandenburg. After World War
II, the Neumark, the part of
Brandenburg was transferred to Poland. The remainder of the province became a
state in East
Germany. The State of Brandenburg was completely
dissolved in 1952 by the Socialist government. Modern: Brandenburg
is one of the sixteen federal-states of Germany. The capital is Potsdam. It lies in the east of the country and is
one of the federal states that were re-created in 1990 upon the reunification of the former West Germany and East Germany. Brandenburg
surrounds but does not include the national capital and city-state Berlin. |
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Bréme |
Modern:
Bremen
is a Hanseatic city in
northwestern Germany. Bremen is some 60
km (37 mi) south from the Weser mouth on the North Sea. With Bremerhaven right on the mouth
the two comprise the state of Bremen. |
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Bretagne Bret. |
Historical: Previously a kingdom and then a duchy, Brittany was united to the Kingdom of France in 1532 as a province. Modern: The historical province of
Brittany is divided into five departments: Finistčre in the west, Côtes-d'Armor in the north, Ille-et-Vilaine in the north east, Loire-Atlantique in the south east and Morbihan in the south on the Bay of Biscay. |
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C
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French Name Abbreviation |
English
Name |
Historical Entity / Modern Entity |
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Cambrésis Cambr. |
Historical: Cambrai is the seat of an archdiocese whose jurisdiction was immense during the Middle Ages.
The territory of the Bishopric of Cambrai,
roughly coinciding with the shire of Brabant,
included the central part of the Low Countries. Modern:
Today Cambrai
is located in the Nord department in northern France. |
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Carcassonne |
Historical: An ancient fortified city located in the former province of Languedoc.
Modern: Today this French town is in the Aude
department, of which it is the prefecture.
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Carinthie |
Historical: The Duchy of Carinthia was the first newly created duchy of the Holy Roman Empire and for a short while comprised lands stretching
from the Adriatic Sea almost to the Danube. In
1335, Carinthia passed to the House of Habsburg. After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire
1806, Carinthia was incorporated in the Austrian Empire's Kingdom
of Illyria until 1918.
Modern: Today Carinthia is the southernmost Austrian state. |
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Champagne Champ. |
Historical: Champagne
is a historic province in the northeast of France formerly ruled by the counts of
Champagne. Modern: Most of Champagne is now part of the French
administrative region of Champagne-Ardenne, which comprises four departments: Ardennes, Aube, Haute-Marne,
and Marne. |
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D
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French Name Abbreviation |
English
Name |
Historical Entity / Modern Entity |
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Danemark Dan. |
Historical: In 1397, Denmark entered into a personal union with Norway and Sweden.
Sweden permanently broke away from the Kalmar Union in 1523. The remaining Danish-Norwegian union was
dissolved in 1814. Denmark kept the
colonies of Iceland, Faroe Islands
and Greenland. In 1849 Denmark peacefully became a constitutional
monarchy. In 1864, Denmark was forced to cede Schleswig
and Holstein to Prussia.
In 1918 Iceland became an independent country, and in 1920 Northern Schleswig
was recovered by Denmark. Modern: Denmark is a sovereign state in Northern Europe, with two additional overseas constituent
countries also forming integral
parts of the kingdom; the Faroe Islands
and Greenland |
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E
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French Name Abbreviation |
English
Name |
Historical Entity / Modern Entity |
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Espagne Esp. |
Historical: Spain emerged as a unified country in the 15th
century, following the unification of the crowns of Aragon and Castile by the marriage of their sovereigns. This event laid the basis for modern Spain and
the Spanish Empire,
although each kingdoms of Spain remain as separate countries, in social,
political, laws, currency and language.
Modern: Spain officially
the Kingdom of Spain
is a sovereign state located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. |
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Esthonie |
Historical: Estonia was known as the Governorate of Estonia from 1721 to 1917. This entity, also known as the Government of Estonia or Province of Estonia, was a governorate
of the Russian Empire in what is now northern Estonia.
The Governorate was also known as Duchy
of Estonia that Russia inherited from Sweden in 1721. Until the late 19th century the Duchy was
not ruled by Russia but was administered independently by the local Baltic German
nobility through a feudal Regional Council. Modern: Today Estonia is officially the Republic of Estonia an independent state in
the Baltic region of Northern Europe. |
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F
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French Name Abbreviation |
English
Name |
Historical Entity / Modern Entity |
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Finlande |
Historical: From the 12th until the start of the 19th century,
Finland was a part of Sweden. It then became an autonomous
Grand Duchy within the Russian Empire until the Russian Revolution in 1917 after which it gained its independence.. Modern: The Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden to
the west, Norway to
the north and Russia to the east, while Estonia
lies to the south across the Gulf of Finland. |
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Flandre francaise Fl. fr. |
Historical: French Flanders was originally part of the feudal Countship of Flanders,
then part of the Southern
Netherlands. During the 17th
century the region was ceded to the Kingdom of France, and became part of the province of Flanders and
Hainaut. Modern:
The region today lies in the modern-day region of Nord-Pas de Calais and roughly corresponds to the arrondissements of Lille, Douai and Dunkirk on the Belgian
border. Together with French Hainaut it makes up the department of Nord. |
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Forez |
Historical: Forez was a former province of France.
Modern:
Today Forez
ccorresponds approximately to the central part of
the modern Loire département and
a part of the Haute-Loire and Puy-de-Dôme départements. |
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G
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French Name Abbreviation |
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Historical Entity / Modern Entity |
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Gascogne Gasc. |
Historical: Up to the end of the 18th century Gascony
was part of the historic French "Province of Guyenne
and Gascony." This area although
vaguely defined puts Gascony east and south of Bordeaux, France.
Modern: Today Gascony is an area of southwest France. It is currently
divided between the Aquitaine région (départements of Landes, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, south and west of Gironde,
and south of Lot-et-Garonne) and the Midi-Pyrénées région (départements of Gers,
Hautes-Pyrénées, southwest of Tarn-et-Garonne, and west of Haute-Garonne). |
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Gâtinais |
Historical: Gâtinais aka. Gâtine was
an historic province of France. Modern: Today the area of the old
province corresponds roughly to the northeastern part of the départment of Loiret,
and the south of the present departments Seine-et-Marne |
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Genčve |
Historical: By the 18th century, Geneva had come under the
influence of France. In 1798, revolutionary France under the Directory
annexed Geneva. At the end of the Napoleonic Wars, in 1815, Geneva was admitted to the Swiss
Confederation. Modern: Geneva is located in Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland. It is the capital of the Republic and Canton of Geneva. |
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Görlitz |
Historical: Görlitz was in the region of Upper Lusatia.
However, in 1815, some parts of Lusatia
were integrated into the Province of
Silesia, and later into the Province of
Lower Silesia. Modern:
Today Görlitz
is a town in Germany. It is the easternmost town in the country, located on
the Lusatian Neisse
River in the Bundesland (Federal State) of Saxony. It
is opposite the Polish town of Zgorzelec, which was a part of Görlitz
until 1945. |
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H
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French Name Abbreviation |
English
Name |
Historical Entity / Modern Entity |
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Hambourg |
Historical: Hamburg was a member of the medieval Hanseatic League, as a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire. Before the
1871 Unification of
Germany, Hamburg was a fully sovereign
state of its own. Prior to the constitutional changes in 1919, the stringent
civic republic was ruled by a class of hereditary grand burghers or Hanseaten. Modern: Hamburg. officially Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg,
is a city-state and one of the sixteen States of modern Germany.
Hamburg is located on the southern point of
the Jutland Peninsula, directly between Continental Europe to its south and Scandinavia
to its north. |
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Hanovre Han. |
Historical: Hanover is a territory
that was at various times the principality Electorate of Hanover within the Holy Roman Empire, an independent Kingdom of Hanover, and a subordinate Province of Hanover within the Kingdom of Prussia. The territory was named after its capital, the city
of Hanover,
which was the principal town of the region from 1636. Modern: In contemporary
usage, the name is only used for the city; most of the historical territory
of Hanover forms the greater part of the German Land of Lower Saxony. |
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Hildburghausen |
Historical:
Hildburghausen was the capital of Saxe-Hildburghausen
until its dissolution in 1826, after which it passed to Saxe-Meiningen. The town became part of the new state of Thuringia
in 1920. Modern: Hildburghausen
is both a town and district of Thuringia
in central Germany. |
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Hollande Holl. |
Historical: From the 10th century to the 16th century, Holland
proper was a unified political region, a county
ruled by the Counts of Holland. By the 17th century, Holland had risen to become a
maritime and economic power, dominating the other provinces of the Dutch Republic. Modern: Today, the former County of Holland consists of the two Dutch provinces of North Holland
and South Holland, which together include the Netherlands' three
largest cities: Amsterdam; The Hague;
and Rotterdam.
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Holland septentrional Holl. Sept. |
Historical: The province of North Holland has its origins in the
period of French rule from 1795 to 1813 when the Batavian Republic was established. When constitutional amendments
were introduced in 1840, it was decided to officially split Holland into two
provinces called "North Holland" and "South Holland".
Modern: North Holland
is a province situated on the North Sea
in the northwest of the Netherlands.
The provincial capital is Haarlem
and its largest city is Amsterdam. |
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I
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French Name Abbreviation |
English
Name |
Historical Entity / Modern Entity |
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Ile-de-France Ile-de-Fr. |
Historical: The province, also known as Isle de France is a historical province
of France, and the one at the center of power during most of French history. The historical province is centered on Paris, the seat of the
Crown of France. Modern: The
present-day région
Île-de-France doe correspond to
the historical province although some
parts now are incorporated in the present-day region of Picardy, whereas other parts of the present-day région
Île-de-France are taken from
the historical province of Champagne. |
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Irlande Irl. |
Historical:
The Kingdom of Ireland
existed from 1542 to 1800 when it became a part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Modern: Today this locale would probably be located
within either the Republic of
Ireland
or Northern Ireland. |
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J
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French Name |
English
Name |
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K
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French Name |
English
Name |
Historical Entity / Modern Entity |
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L
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French Name Abbreviation |
English
Name |
Historical Entity / Modern Entity |
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Languedoc Lang. |
Historical: Languedoc
is a former province of France. The
province of Languedoc was located in the central part of southern France,
roughly the region between the Rhône River
(border with Provence) and the Garonne River
(border with Gascony), extending northwards to the Cévennes and the Massif Central (border with Auvergne). Modern: Today the former historic
province is now continued in the modern-day régions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées in the south of France, and whose capital city was Toulouse,
now in Midi-Pyrénées. |
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Liége |
Historical: The modern borders of the province of Ličge originated in 1795 in the unification of the
Principality or Prince-Bishopric
of Ličge
with the revolutionary France Department of the Ourthe. Most of the province traces its history to
the Prince-Bishopric of Ličge though. Prince-Bishopric
of Ličge
was dissolved in 1795, when it was annexed by France. Its territory was
divided over the départements Meuse-Inférieure, Ourthe, and Sambre-et-Meuse. Creating the modern boundaries of the
Liege Province. Modern: Ličge is the easternmost province of Wallonia and Belgium. It is an area of French and German
ethnicity. |
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Limbourg Limb. |
Historical: Limburg was one of the provinces of the United
Kingdom of the Netherlands and
later Belgium.
The province existed for the duration of the United Kingdom, from 1815 to
1830, and for the first years after the Belgian independence, from 1830 to
1839. In 1839, the province was split into a Belgian, and a Dutch part, the new Duchy of
Limburg. Modern:
Today the old province of Limburg falls into both the Netherlands
and Belgium. Limburg is the southernmost provinces of the Netherlands and the easternmost of the five
provinces of modern Flanders in Belgium. |
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Livonie |
Historical: Since the 16th
century the area known as Livonia has been administered by the following
entities: Duchy of Livonia (1561–1621); Swedish
Livonia 1629–1721; Riga
Governorate 1721–1796; and the Governorate
of Livonia 1796–1918. Modern: Livonia no longer exits. Today the lands of
historical Livonia are located along the eastern coasts of the Baltic Sea, in
present-day Latvia and Estonia. Its frontiers were the Gulf of Riga
and the Gulf of Finland in the north-west, Lake Peipus
and Russia to
the east, and Lithuania to the south. |
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Lorraine Lorr. |
Historical:
The
areas former known as Upper Lorraine
and Lower Lorraine were annexed by France in 1766 and reorganized as a
province by the French
government. Throughout the 19th century The Lorraine region remained a
contested territory between France and Germany. It was part of France until
the Franco-Prussian
War
of 1870/1871, when northern parts of Lorraine around Metz, along with Alsace,
were annexed by the newly-founded German Empire. Modern:
Lorraine is one of the régions of France. The
administrative region has two cities of equal importance, Metz and Nancy. The region
consists of four departments: Meurthe-et-Moselle, Meuse, Moselle and Vosges. |
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Luxembourg Luxemb. |
Historical:
In 1815 Luxembourg was formed as a Grand Duchy
in personal union with the Netherlands.
Luxembourg also became a member of the German
Confederation. The Belgian Revolution of 1830–1839 reduced Luxembourg's territory by more
than half, as the predominantly francophone
western part of
the country was transferred to Belgium. Modern: Luxembourg is a landlocked
country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France,
and Germany.
It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the north, and the Gutland in the south. |
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Luxenstein |
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M
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French Name |
English
Name |
Historical Entity / Modern Entity |
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Middlebourg |
Historical:
Middelburg was granted city
rights in 1217. In the Eighty Years' War, the northern provinces of the original Low
Countries won their independence from their former Spanish Habsburg rulers
and formed The Netherlands, a Protestant state, of which Middleburg was a
part.. Modern: Middelburg
is a municipality and a city in the south-western Netherlands and the
capital of the province of Zeeland.
It is situated in the Midden-Zeeland region. |
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Nassau |
Historical:
Refers to
Nassau a German
state within the Holy Roman Empire and later in the German
Confederation. After the Austro-Prussian
War of 1866, Nassau was annexed by Prussia
and became part of the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau. Modern: Much of the former territory now lies in the modern
German state of Hesse. |
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Néerlande Néerl. |
Historical:
The 1579 Union of Utrecht is seen as the foundation of the modern Netherlands. After formal
independence in 1648 the Republic
of the Seven United Netherlands was
formed. In 1815, the United
Kingdom of the Netherlands expanded to include Belgium.
Belgium rebelled and gained independence in 1830. Modern: The Netherlands
is a constituent
country of the Kingdom of
the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe. Mainland
Netherlands borders the North Sea
to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to
the east. |
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Nimčgue |
Historical:
Nijmegen became a part of the Dutch
Republic (Republic of United Provinces) in 1585. In 1815 it became a part
of the United
Kingdom of the Netherlands. Modern: Nijmegen is a municipality
and a city in
the east of the Netherlands, near the German
border. |
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Normandie Norm. |
Historical:
Originally
the Duchy of Normandy was a vassal of the King of France. After
the Norman conquest of England in 1066 this area was ruled as part of the Anglo-Norman realm until
1204, when Philip II of France conquered the continental lands of the Duchy. At
this time the Normandy was established as a province of France. The former province of Normandy comprised present-day Upper Normandy and Lower Normandy, as well as small areas now part of the départements of Eure-et-Loir, Mayenne, and Sarthe. In 1790 the
current five departments of Normandy replaced the former province. Modern: Today Upper Normandy (Haute-Normandie) consists of the French departments of Seine-Maritime and Eure, and Lower Normandy (Basse-Normandie) of the departments of Orne,
Calvados,
and Manche. |
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Nuremberg |
Historical:
Nuremberg
was an independent city ruled by the Bishop of Bamberg up to 1555. It there after remained an independent
city until it became a part of the Kingdom of Bavaria from 1806 to 1918. Modern:
Today Nuremberg is a city in the German state of Bavaria,
in the administrative region of Middle Franconia. Situated on the Pegnitz river and
the Rhine–Main–Danube
Canal, it is located about 170 kilometres (110 mi) north of Munich. |
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Picardie Pic. |
Historical:
In the 16th century, Picardy became
a new administrative region of France, separate from what was historically
defined as Picardy. The new Picardy included the Somme département, the northern half of the Aisne département,
and a small fringe in the north of the Oise département. Modern: Today, the modern region of Picardy no longer includes the coastline from Berck to Calais, via Boulogne (Boulonais),
that is now in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region, but does incorporate the pays of Beauvaisis, Valois, Noyonnais, Laonnois, Soissonnais, Omois, among other departments of
France. |
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Pologne Pol. |
Historical:
The Kingdom
of Poland was formed in 1025. In 1569 it joined with the Grand Duchy
of Lithuania forming the Polish–Lithuanian
Commonwealth. The Commonwealth
ceased to exist in 1795 as the Polish lands were
partitioned among the Kingdom of Prussia, the Russian Empire, and Old Austria. Poland
regained its independence as the Second Polish
Republic in 1918. Modern: Poland is a country in Central Europe, bordered by Germany to
the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia
to the south; Ukraine, Belarus
and Lithuania
to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. |
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Poméranie Pom. |
Historical: Pomerania
is a historical
region
on the south shore of the Baltic Sea. In 1466 Pomerania became part of the Polish province of Royal Prussia and remained as
part of Poland until 1772. As part of Royal Prussia, Pomerania was annexed by the Kingdom
of Prussia
during the 18th century Partitions
of Poland,
becoming part of the new Province of West Prussia until 1918. Modern: Historical Pomerania is currently
sub-divided into the following contemporary political regions: Vorpommern in northeastern Germany; as well as Zachodniopomorskie and Pomerelia in Poland. |
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Portugal Port. |
Historical:
Portugal established itself as an
independent kingdom from León in 1139, claiming to be the oldest European nation-state. Modern: Portugal is a country located in Southwestern
Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula. It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe,
and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and
east. |
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Provence Prov. |
Historical:
The historical region of Provence
was legally incorporated into the French royal domain in 1486. The traditional region of Provence comprises the départements of Var, Vaucluse, Bouches-du-Rhône,
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Alpes-Maritimes
and parts of Hautes-Alpes. Modern: Today Provence is a region of
south eastern France on the Mediterranean adjacent to Italy. It is part of
the administrative région of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. |
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Province rhénane Prov. Rhén. |
Historical:
From 1822 to 1946 the Rhine Province was the westernmost province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of
Prussia, within the German Reich.
. It was orginally created from the provinces of
the Lower
Rhine and Jülich-Cleves-Berg. Modern: Areas of the former
Rhine Province were divided into the newly-founded states of Hesse,
North
Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate. |
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Prusse |
Historical: In 1466, Prussia was split into the western
Royal
Prussia,
a province of Poland, and the eastern part, since 1525 called Duchy of Prussia, a fief of the Crown of Poland up to 1657. The union
of Brandenburg and the Duchy of Prussia in 1618 led to the proclamation of
the Kingdom
of Prussia
in 1701. Prussia was the core of the unified North German Confederation formed in 1867,
which became part of the German Empire or Deutsches Reich in 1871. In 1947
the Allied Control Council formally
proclaimed the dissolution of Prussia.
Modern: In
the Soviet Zone of Occupation, which became East Germany in 1949, the
former Prussian territories were reorganized into the states of Brandenburg and Saxony-Anhalt, with the
remaining parts of the Province of Pomerania going to Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. These states were
abolished in 1952 in favor of districts, but were recreated after the fall of
the Eastern Bloc in 1990. In the
Western Zones of occupation, which became West Germany in 1949, the
former Prussian territories were divided up among North Rhine-Westphalia, Lower Saxony, Hesse, Rhineland-Palatinate, and Schleswig-Holstein. Württemberg-Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern were later merged
with Baden to create the
state of Baden-Württemberg. |
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Ratisbonne |
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Historical:
The Regensburg region became a part
of Bavaria in the late 12th century, when the line of the counts of
Regensburg and Stefling came to an end. While the
city of Regensburg became a Free Imperial City, the surrounding lands were a
part of the Duchy of Bavaria. The Principality of Regensburg was a principality
within the Holy Roman Empire and the Confederation
of the Rhine which existed between
1803 and 1810 whereupon Regensburg was ceded to the Kingdom of Bavaria. Modern: Today Regensburg is an administrative district in Bavaria, Germany as
well as the city of Regensburg which is enclosed by, but does not belong to the
district; it is nonetheless its administrative seat. |
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Rotterdam |
Historical:
A city
in the former County of Holland it was
part of the Holy Roman Empire and
continued so until the establishment of the Dutch
Republic that was in existence from
1581 to 1795. It became a part of the United
Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815
and remains so today. Modern: Today Rotterdam is located In
the province of South Holland, in the west of Netherlands and the south of the Randstad. |
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Saxe |
Historical:
The Electorate of Saxony sometimes referred to as Upper Saxony, was a State of
the Holy Roman Empire. It was established in 1356 when the Ascanian duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg was raised to the status of an Electorate. Upon the extinction of the House of Ascania, it was enfeoffed to
the Margraves of
Meissen from the Wettin dynasty
in 1423. After the Empire's
dissolution in 1806, the Wettin electors assumed
the title of a King of Saxony. The Kingdom of Saxony lasted from 1806 to1918. From 1871 it was part of
the German Empire. Modern: The Free State of Saxony is a state of Germany,
bordering Brandenburg, Saxony Anhalt, Thuringia,
Bavaria,
the Czech Republic, and Poland. |
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Schwäbisch-Hall |
Historical: From 1280–1802 Schwäbisch-Hall
was a Free Imperial City of the Holy Roman Empire.
Following the Treaty of Lunéville in
1801, it fell under the administration of the duke of Württemberg. As such by 1802 Schwäbisch-Hall
lost its territory and political independence and became a the
seat of an Oberamt, comparable to a county). Modern: Schwäbisch Hall is a town in the German state of Baden-Württemberg and capital of the district
of Schwäbisch Hall. |
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Silésie |
Historical: An historical region of Central Europe It came under the rule of the Crown of
Bohemia,
which passed to the Austrian Habsburg Monarchy in 1526. Most of Silesia
was conquered by Prussia in 1742, later becoming
part of the German Empire until 1918. Modern: Today the historic region of
Silesia is located mostly in Poland, with smaller parts in the Czech Republic, and Germany. |
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Soleure |
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Historical:
From 1218
to 1648 Solothurn was a Free Imperial City of the Holy Roman Empire.
Following the capitulation of Solothurn to the French in 1798 the eleven old Vogtei(baillywicks) were replaced by five districts; Solothurn, Biberist, Balsthal, Olten and Dornach. Between 1798
and 1803 the canton was part of the Helvetic Republic.
After 1815 Solothurn became a part of the modern state of Switzerland. Modern: Solothurn is a canton of Switzerland.
It is located in the northwest of Switzerland. The capital is the city of Solothurn.
The territory of the canton comprises land acquired by the city of Solothurn.
For that reason the shape of the canton is irregular and includes two exclaves
along the French border, separated from the rest of the canton by Basel-Land,
which form separate districts of the canton. |
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St. Gallen St. Gall. |
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Historical:
In 1415 the city of St. Gallen bought its liberty from the German king Sigismund. By 1457 it
became completely free from the rule of the Catholic Church and was a member
of the Old Swiss
Confederation. In 1803 as part of
the Act of Mediation the area joined the Swiss Confederation as
the canton of St. Gallen. Modern: Located in the north east of Switzerland St. Gallen
is the capital city of the Swiss canton with the same name.
Spelling variations include: St. Gall, Saint Gall, Saint
Gallen, Sankt Gallen,
and Son Gagl. |
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Styrie |
Historical: In 1180 Styria separated from the Duchy
of Carinthia
and became a Grand Duchy of its own; in 1192 it became part of Austria. After
the hereditary subdivision of the latter, Styria formed the central part of Inner Austria. Styria developed culturally and
economically under Archduke John between 1809 and
1859. In 1918, after World
War I,
it was divided into a northern section (forming what is the current Austrian
state), and a southern one, called Lower Styria, inhabited mostly by ethnic
Slovenians, and which was annexed to Yugoslavia, and later in Slovenia. Modern: Styria is a state or Bundesland, located in the southeast of Austria. It borders Slovenia as well as the
other Austrian states of Upper Austria, Lower Austria, Salzburg, Burgenland, and Carinthia. The capital city
is Graz. |
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Sučde |
Historical: The state of Sweden started out of the
Kalmar
Union
formed in 1397 and by the unification of the country by King Gustav Vasa in the 16th century. In the 17th century Sweden
expanded its territories to form the Swedish empire. Most of these conquered territories were
given up during the 18th century. In the early 19th century Finland and the remaining
territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were lost. After its last war
in 1814, Sweden entered into a personal union with Norway which lasted until
1905. Since 1814, Sweden has remained the same. Modern: Sweden,
officially the Kingdom of Sweden,
is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. Sweden borders Norway and Finland, and is connected
to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Řresund. |
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Touraine Tour. |
Historical:
In 1205, Touraine was made into a royal duchy
of France. In 1584 the royal duchy
became one of the traditional provinces of
France with its capital at Tours. During the political
reorganization of French territory in 1790 Touraine was divided into
departments. Modern: Today to area of Touraine is found in the departments of Indre-et-Loire,
Loir-et-Cher and Indre. |
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Tirol |
Historical:
Tyrol was
a Princely County from 1504 and a State of
the Holy Roman Empire. From 1814
it was a province of the Austrian Empire and from 1867 a Cisleithanian crown land (Kronland)
of Austria-Hungary. In 1918 it was divided into several separate
entities. Modern: Today the former territory of Tyrol located the
Italian region of Trentino-Alto
Adige/Südtirol, a small part of the Italian region of Veneto (Cortina d'Ampezzo and
other villages) and the Austrian state of Tyrol. |
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Westphalie |
Historical: From 1180 – 1803 this area was known as the Duchy of Westphalia.
For most of its history, the duchy was held by the Archbishop and Electorate of
Cologne. In 1807 the newly created Kingdom of
Westphalia was created although it
did not include the Duchy and had its capital in Hesse
at Kassel.
The Congress of Vienna awarded the Duchy of Westphalia to Prussia
and the Duchy was incorporated into the Province of
Westphalia in 1815. The present
state of North
Rhine-Westphalia was created World War II
from the former Prussian province of Westphalia, the northern half of the
former Prussian Rhine Province, and the former Free State of Lippe. Modern: North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen). Its capital is Düsseldorf;
the biggest city is Cologne. |
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Wurtemberg Wurt. |
Historical: The Duchy
of Württemberg, which came into existence in 1495 was followed by the Kingdom of Württemberg a state in Germany
that existed from 1806 to 1918. Bavaria
bordered the Kingdom on the east and Baden on the other three
sides, with the exception of a short distance on the south, where Württemberg
bordered Hohenzollern and Lake Constance. Modern: After World War II,
Württemberg was divided between the United States and French occupation zones
and became part of two new states: Württemberg-Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern. After the Federal
Republic of Germany was formed in
1949, these two states merged with Baden in
1952 to become the modern German state of Baden-Württemberg. |
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Zélande Zél. |
Historical: In
1432 Zeeland became part of the Low Countries
possessions of Burgundy, the later Seventeen
Provinces. The Seventeen Provinces
became property of the Habsburgs in 1477. As a result of the Eighty Years' War, Zeeland was became one of the United Provinces, in 1648. After the French occupation (see département
Bouches-de-l'Escaut) and the formation of the United Kingdom of
the Netherlands in 1815, the
present province Zeeland was formed. Modern: Zeeland also called Zealand in English,
is the westernmost province of the Netherlands.
The province, located in the south-west of the country, consists of a number
of islands
(hence its name, meaning "sea-land") and a strip bordering Belgium. Its capital
is Middelburg.
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