The publication below lists the towns, villages, streams and other landforms and points of interest in Warren County in 1837:


History of the State of New Jersey, 1834, by Thomas Fenton



Warren County, was taken from Sussex, by Act, 20th Nov., 1824, which directed, That all the lower part of the latter, southwesterly of a line, beginning on the river Delaware, at the mouth of Flat Brook, in the t-ship of Walpack, and running thence a straight course to the N. E. corner of Hardwicke church, and thence in the same course to the middle of the Musconetcong creek, thence down the middle of the said creek, to the Delaware, should be a new county. Warren is bounded N. E. by Sussex CO.; S. E. by the Musconetcong creek, which divides it from Morris and Hunterdon, and W. and N. W. by the river Delaware. Its greatest length, N. E. and S. W. is 35 miles; greatest breadth, E. and W. 17 miles; area, about 350 square miles; central lat. 40� 50' N.; long. 1� 58' E., from W. C.

The county is divided between the primitive and transition formations. A strip of the former crosses it, in the neighbourhood of Beattystown, towards Philipsburg, and the other fills the portion N. of a line running N. W. and S. E. by Sparta, towards Belvidere, including the Blue mountain; leaving an intervening strip of primitive, of a wedge-like form, having its broader part resting on New York. From these formations we may expect a great variety of soils; and indeed all the rocks which belong to them, arc singularly blended. The valley of the Musconetcong, on the N. W. side, abounds with transition limestone, bordered by a vein of dark slate; and all the valleys, whether of the primitive or transition, are fertilized by the decomposition of the limestone rock, mingling with the sand, loam and clay, washing from the mountains, making a compound, various as the rocks from which it is derived.

The metals found within the county, are magnetic iron, bKiwn hematite, and bog ore, in several places, but principally in Scott's mountain, Jenny Jump, and on the Delaware river, near Foul Rift. A mine of magnetic iron ore is wrought in Scott's mountain, Oxford t-ship, where a furnace was establishrd nearly a century since, and has recently been repaired and put into operation.

Zinc, or lead, appears in the hills which bound the Musconetcong valley, on the N. W.; but most probably zinc, inasmuch as these hills are in the range of the Wallkill mountain, where that metal lies in large masses. Gold and silver are said to have been discovered in the Jenny Jump mountain, but which, though possibly true, may in all likelihood, be iron or copper pyrites, which have so often been mistaken for the precious metals. Marble, steatite, or soapstone, roofing slate, and manganese, may also be obtained in the county, sufficiently near to navigation, to render them valuable in commerce. The state quarries, near the Blue mountain, are already extensively worked.

The county is marked by several prominent mountain ridges, which determine its water courses, and the surface is every where uneven. Entering it from the south, we cross the natural boundary, the Musconetcong creek, which is confined to a narrow valley, by hills, forming a continuation of the Wallkill mountain, whose north-western base is washed by the Pohatcong creek, for nearly the whole breadth of the county ; and the valley of that stream is divided from that of the Bequest, by Scott's mountain, which breaks into small and diminished knolls, near the eastern extremity of the county. North of the main branch of the Bequest, but embraced by it and its chief tributary, Beaver brook, lies the Jenny Jump mountain, a narrow and isolated ridge. Beaver brook drains a valley of several miles in width, and covered with knolls of slate, and beds of limestone, and circumscribed northward by a long, unbroken, slaty ridge, which bounds the valley of the Paulinskill. Between that stream, and the Blue moimtain, the mean distance away be about five miles. The Blue mountain covers the remaining portion of the county, with the exception of a small strip of alluvial, which borders the Delaware river.

As in most parts of the primitive and transition formations, the streams are rapid and precipitous, affording advantageous use of their volumes for hydraulic purposes, but are in no instance navigable. The waters of the county, without exception, seek the Delaware; and whilst that river boldly cuts its way through the mountains, these tributaries are compelled to pursue the course of the ridges whose bases they lave.

The only artificial road of the county, is that from Morristown to Philipsburg, opposite to Easton. A rail-road has been authorized by the Legislature, which is designed to unite with a similar road, opposite to Belvidere, on the Delaware, and to proceed thence to the Susquehanna river.

The business of the county is chiefly agricultural, and its staples are wheat, corn, rye, oats, and flax; and in the northern part buckwheat. Within a few years, husbandry has made great advances, and yet continues to improve. The use of lime as a manure is becoming general; and the rich valley lands yield very large crops of wheat, which find a ready market at Easton. Flax-seed is also grown in great quantities; of which 12,000 bushels are annually purchased in Belvidere, alone.

In 1830, the county contained, 18,627 inhabitants, of whom 9463 were white males, 8695 white females; 214 free coloured males, 208 free coloured females; 21 male, and 26 female slaves. Of this population, 286 were aliens, 10 were deaf and dumb, and 14 were blind. The inhabitants are chiefly of English extraction, and a considerable portion from New England parents.

By the abstract of the assessors, reported to the Legislature, in 1832, there were 102,377 acres of improved land, making nearly one-half the area of the county; 1062 householders, whose ratables did not exceed $30; 411 single men; 3489 taxables; 56 morcluuits, 45 grist mills, 41 saw mills, 16 carding machines, 7 furnaces for casting iron, 2 cotton and woollen factories, 2 fulling mills, 3 oil mills, and 1 plaster mill, 235 tan vats, 1 glass factory, 3 distilleries of grain, and 25 of cider; 14 carriages, with steel springs; 177 riding chairs, gigs and sulkies; 4324 horses, and 7772 neat cattle, over 3 years of age; and it paid for t-ship purposes, $5700; and for state and county purposes, $8999 20. The t-ship of Greenwich alone honourably distinguished itself, by appropriating money to school use, and paid for this object, $500.

The religious sects of the county are Presbyterian, Methodist, Episcopalian, Baptists, and Christians. The last has, we believe, two churches, and admits women to officiate in the ministry. These sects rank in number in the order we have placed them.

The towns and post-offices of the county are, Belvidere, the seat of justice; Finesville, Hughesville, Bloomsbury, Asbury, Imlaydale, Pleasant Valley, Mansfield, Anderson, Beattystown, Hackettstown, Allamuche, Long Bridge, Johnsonburg, Lawrenceville, Marksborough, Philipsburg, Stewartsville, New Village, Broadway, Concord, Rocksbury, Oxford, Hope, Shiloh, Columbia, Knowlton Mills, Centreville, Sodom, Gravel Hill, &c.

The courts of common pleas, orphan's courts, and quarter sessions, are holden at Belvidere, on the 2d Tuesday of February, 1st Tuesday of June, 4th Tuesday of August, and the 1st Tuesday after the 4th in November. The circuit court and sessions of oyer and terminer, and general jail delivery, are holden on the 1st Tuesday in June, and the 1st Tuesday after the 4th in November.

The county elects one member to the council, and two to the general Assembly.

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Allamuche, p-t. of Independence t-ship, Warren co., on the eastern part of the t-ship ; by the post route 228 miles N. E. of'W. C, and 65 from Trenton, and 17 from Belvidere the C. T.; vseated on a small tributary of Request creek, and near a lake of the same name, contains a grist and saw mill, a grain distillery, a store, tavern, and 12 or 15 dwellings. It is surrounded by a limestone soil of excellent quality, well cultivated.



Allamuche Lake is one of the many mountain ponds which characterize this country, and which are, in many cases, reservoirs formed in limestone rock. This is about a mile in diameter, and sends forth a tributary to the Pequcst creek.



Allamuche Mountain is one of the chain of hills which bounds the valley of the Musconetcong creek in Warren county.



Anderson, p-t. of Mansfield t-ship, Warren co., on the turnpike road leading from Philipsburg to Schooley's mountain, and between the Morris canal and Musconetcong creek, within a mile of either; distant by the post route from W. C. 205, from Trenton 49, and from Belvidere, the CO. town, E. 11 miles; 16 miles from Easton, and 25 from Morristown; contains 2 stores and 15 dwellings; situate i in a fertile limestone vall�y. Lands valued at $50 the acre.



Asbury, p-t. of Mansfield t-ship, Warren co., in the S. W. angle of the t-ship near the Musconetcong creek, by post-route 199 miles from W. C, and 40 from Trenton, 11 miles S. E. from Belvidere; lying in a deep and narrow valley on a soil of rich limestone, contains a Methodist church, 2 grist mills, 1 saw mill, an oil mill, a woollen factory, 1 tavern, 3 stores, and about thirty dwellings.



Bacon Creek, a tributary of Pequest creek. Independence t-ship, Warren co., having a westerly course of 2 or 3 miles.



Bear Brook, western branch of Pequest creek, rises in Hunt's Pond, Green t-ship, Sussex co., and flows S. W., through the S. E. angle of Hardwick t-ship, Warren co., and joins the main stream, in the Great Meadows, Independence t-ship, having a course of about 10 miles.



Beatty's Town, on the N. E. angle of Mansfield t-ship, Warren co., on the bank of the Musconetcong creek, and at the west foot of Schooley's Mountain, within 2 miles of the mineral spring, and 16 E. of Belvidere. The Morris Canal is distant 2 miles from it on the north. The village contains 1 store, 1 tavern, a grist and saw mill, a school, and from 15 to 20 dwellings. The land around it is limestone, of excellent quality, and valued, in large farms, at 50 dollars the acre.



Beaver Brook, Warren co., rises by two branches, one in Hardwick t-ship, from Glover's Pond, the other in Knowlton t-ship, from Rice's Pond, which unite in Oxford t-ship, near to, and south, from the village of Hope, and thence join the Pequest creek, about 3 miles from its mouth, having a course of about 14 miles.



Belvidere, p-t., and seat of justice of Warren co., situate on the river Delaware, in Oxford t-ship, at the junction of the Pequest creek, with that stream; hy the post road, 210 miles from W. C., and 54 from Trenton, 69 from Philadelphia, 13 from Easton, 70 from New York, and 1 9 from Schooley's mountain springs. The town is built on an alluvial flat, based on limestone, and extends for about half a mile, on both sides of the creek, over which there are 2 bridges for carriages, and 1 for foot passengers. The town, which rapidly increases, contains a spacious court house, of brick, with offices attached, and a prison in the basement story; the doors of which, to the honour of the county, are commonly unclosed, and its chambers tenantless, save by the idle warder; a very large and neat Presbyterian church, a Methodist church, an academy, in which the classics are taught; a common school, 2 grist mills, 2 saw mills, a clover mill, 6 stores, 3 taverns, a turning lathe, driven by water, and an extensive tannery; a bank, chartered in 1829, with a capital of $50,000, but which may be extended; a county bible society, a county Sunday school union, auxiliary to the great charity established at Philadelphia; tract and temperance societies; 2 resident clergymen, 3 lawyers, and 2 physicians; 2 weekly journals, viz : The Apollo, edited by Franklin Ferguson ; and the Warren Journal, by James J. Browne; and above 80 dwellings, most of which are neat and commodious, and many of brick and stone; among which, the residence of Dr. Green deserves particular notice, as well from its size and finish as from its beautiful and commanding situation. A very extensive business is done here, in general merchandise, in flour and lumber, the saw mills being abundantly supplied with timber from the Delaware. The Pequest creek having a large volume of water, and a rapid fall, aflbrds very advantageous mill sites. Within 144 chains from the mouth of the creek the available fall is 49 feet 64-100, equal to 768 horse power, the whole of which is the property of Garret D. Wall, Esq., who ofters mill seats for sale here on advantageous terms. But in addition to this great power derived from the creek, the Delaware river, within 2 miles of the town, offers a still greater, where the whole volume of that stream may be employed. A company has been incorporated, with a capital of $20,000, for erecting a bridge across the river at or near this place, for which three sites have been proposed. 1st. At the Foul Rift, where the channel is 170 yards wide, 2d. The mouth of the Pequest, where it is 205 yards, 3d. At the Deep Eddy, above the creek, where the channel is divided by Butz's island, and the stream, on the Jersey side, is 127 yards, the island 86 yards, and the remaining water 23 yards. The proposed rail road through New Jersey, from Elizabethtown, is designed to cross the Delaware here, and to connect with the Delaware and Susquehanna rail road.



Bethel, mount and church, Mansfield t-ship, Warren co., 12 miles E. of the town of Belvidcre.



Bloomsbury, p-t. of Greenwich t-ship, Warren co., on the turnpike road from Somerville to Philipsburg, and on both sides of the Musconetcong creek, part of the town being in Hunterdon co.; by the post-route 198 miles from W. C, 49 from Trenton, and 14 S. from Belvidere, 18 miles N. W. from Flemington; contains 1 grist mill, 1 oil mill, a cotton manufactory, 2 taverns, 1 store, and from 30 to 40 dwellings; the soil of the valley around it is rich limestone.



Bridgeville, small hamlet of Oxford t-ship, Warren co., 4 miles E. of Belvidere, the county town.



Broadway, village, of Mansfield t-ship, near the S. W. boundary line, Warren co., on the turnpike road from Phillipsburg to Schooley's mountain, about 10 miles from the former, and 14 from the latter, contains a store and tavern, 2 grist mills, 1 saw mill, and 10 or 12 dwellings. It lies in the valley of the Pohatcong creek, upon a soil of fertile limestone.



Centreville, small village, of Knowlton t-ship, Warren co., on the road leading from Hope to Knowlton mills and Columbia; about 4 miles from the first and last, and 10 N. E. from Belvidere; contains a tavern, store, smith shop, Presbyterian church, and several dwellings.



Change Water furnace, on the Musconetcong creek, in Mansfield t-ship, Warren co., 3 miles from the village of Mansfield, and 10 S. E. from Belvidere, the county town.



Danville, post-office, Warren co.



Dry Branch, tributary of Paulin's creek, Knowlton t-p. Warren co.



Glover's Pond, Hardwick t-ship, Warren co., the extreme source of Beaver brook.



Gravel Hill, village and p-t. of Knowlton t-ship, Warren co., in the valley of the Paulinskill, near the east line of the t-ship, distant by post road from W. C. 243 miles, from Trenton 85, and from Belvidere N. E. 15 miles; contains a large grist mill, tavern, store, tannery, and 6 or 8 dwellings; soil limestone.



Great Meadows, a large body of of 8000 acres of meadow land, in Independence t-ship, Warren co., watered by the Pequest creek.



Hacketstown, p-t., Independent t-ship, Warren co., lying between the Morris canal and Musconetcong river, which are here about one mile distant from each other. The village is by the post road, 215 miles N. E. from W. C, 59 from Trenton, and 15 E. from Belvidere, the county town, and 6 from Belmont Spring, Schooley's mountain; contains 5 large stores, 2 taverns, and from 30 to 40 dwellings of wood find brick, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, an academy, in which the classics are taught, 2 common schools, 1 resident Presbyterian clergyman, and 3 physicians, 2 large flour mills, a woollen manufactory and a clover mill. The town is built upon cross streets; is surrounded by a fertile limestone country, where farms sell at from 50 to 75 dollars the acre. This vicinity is rapidly improving by means of the Morris canal.



Hardwick t-ship, Warren co., bounded E. by Stillwater and Green t-ships, of Sussex co., S. by Independence t-ship, W. by Knowlton, and N. by Pahaquarry t-ships. Centrally distant N. E. from Belvidere, 15 miles; greatest length N. and S. 11; breadth E. and W. 8 miles; area, 24,320 acres. Population in 1830, 1962. There were in the t-ship in 1832, 82 householders, whose ratable estates did not exceed $30 in value; 5 stores, 13 pairs of stones for grain, 2 carding machines, 1 wool factory, 5 saw mills, 56 tan vats, 4 distilleries ; and it paid a state and county tax of $967.59. The surface of the t-ship is generally hilly, and is drained south-westerly by Paulinskill, Beaver brook, and Bear branch of the Pequcst creek, and also by some limestone sinks; Marksboro, Lawrenceville, Johnsonburg, and Shiloh, are post-towns of the t-ship. Lime and slate alternate in the t-ship, as in Knowlton ; the ridges being of the latter, and the valleys of the lumber; both are productive, except where the slate rock approaches too near the surface. White Pond in this t-ship, about a mile north of Marksboro, is a great natural curiosity. (See Marksboro)



Harmony, post-office and Presbyterian church, of Greenwich t-ship, Warren co., by the post route, distant from W. C. 200, from Trenton 60, and from Belvidere, 8 miles.



Hughesville, village, on the Musconctcong creek, about 5 miles from its mouth, 15 miles S. of Belvidere, and 6 S. E. from Philipsville, in Greenwich t-ship, Warren co., and in a narrow and deep valley; it contains a tavern, a store, a school and from 15 to 20 dwellings. Lead or zine ore is said to be found in the mountain north of the town; but most probably the latter, as the hill is part of the range of the Hamburg or Wallkill mountains, in which that mineral abounds.



Imlaydale, pleasant hamlet on the Musconetcong creek, Mansfield t-ship, Warren co., 4 miles S. of the village of Mansfield, and within 1 of New Hampton, in the adjacent county of Hunterdon, and 12 miles S. E. of Belvidere; contains a mill, a store, and 3 dwellings.



Independence t-ship, Warren co., bounded N. by Hardwick t-ship, E. by Green t-ship, Sussex co., S E. by Roxbury t-ship, Morris co., S. W. by Mansfield, and W. by Oxford t-ship. Centrally distant N. E. from Belvidere, the county town, 14 miles; greatest length 9 miles N. and S. ; breadth E. and W. 8; area, 29,440 acres; surface hilly on the E. and W., but a valley runs centrally N. E. and S. W. through the t-ship which is drained by the Pequest creek, and on which there is a large body of meadow land. Bacon creek is a small tributary of the Pequest, which unites with it above the village of Vienna. The Musconetcong river forms the S. E. boundary, and in its valley, parallel therewith, runs the Morris canal. Alamuche, Hacketstown, and Vienna, are post-towns of the t-ship; there is a Quaker meeting house in the N. E. part of the t-ship. There were in the t-ship in 1830, 2126 inhabitants; in 1832, 429 taxables, 10,000 acres of improved land, 414 horses and mules, and 1006 neat cattle, over 3 years of age; 146 householders, whose ratables did not exceed $30; 8 stores, 11 pairs of stones for grinding grain, 6 saw mills, 21 tan vats, 4 distilleries ; and it paid in t-ship taxes for the poor and roads, $900; and in county and state tax, $880.95. This ranks among the most valuable precincts of the state. The valleys are of fertile limestone, and the hill sides have been subjected to cultivation to a very great extent. The ridges which cross the t-ship from the S. W. to the N. E. are metalliferous, and upon the "Jenny Jump," in the N. W., a gold mine is said to exist. Preparations have ostensibly been made for smelting the ore, but the "wise ones" have little confidence in the undertaking, and consider the mineral discovered, if any, to be pyrites or fool's gold.



Jenny Jump, a noted eminence in the northern part of Oxford t-ship, Warren co., extending N. E. and S. W. for about 10 miles, and into Independence t-ship.



Johnsonburg, p-t. and village of Hardwick t-ship, Warren co.; centrally situate in the t-ship, by post route, 218 miles N. E. of W. C, 65 from Trenton, and 16 from Belvidere; contains an Episcopal and a Presbyterian church, a church belonging to the sect of Christians, 2 taverns, 2 stores, many mechanic shops, a grist mill, and from 25 to 30 dwellings. The surrounding soil is of fertile limestone, and well cultivated. A small tributary of the Bear branch of Pequest creek, flows through it, and gives motion to the mill of the town.



Knowlton t-ship, Warren cc, bounded N. by Pahaquarry t-ship, E. by Hardwick t-ship, S. by Oxford t-ship, and W. by the Delaware river. Centrally distant N. E. from Belvidere, 10 miles; greatest length 10 miles, breadth 10 miles; area 44,800 acres. The Blue mountain lies upon the northern boundary, and the Delaware makes its way through it at the celebrated Water Gap, at the N. W. point of the t-ship. The t-ship is every where hilly, and is said to derive its name from its knolls. It is centrally drained by Paulinskill, and its branches; on the south-east by Beaver brook, and north-east by the Shawpocussing creek. Gravel Hill, Sodom, Columbia, Centreville, Hope, and Ramsaysburg, are villages and post towns of the t-ship. Population in 1830, 2827; taxables in 1832, 630. There were in the t-ship, in 1832, 132 householders, whose ratables did not exceed $30, 13 pairs of stones for grinding grain, 7 saw mills, 10 tan vats, 4 distilleries, 1 glass manufactory, 744 horses and mules, and 1390 neat cattle over three years of age; and the t-ship paid $1300 for t-ship use, and $1550 for state and county purposes. Slate and lime alternate throughout the t-ship; the hills are commonly of the one, and the valleys of the other. A slate quarry above Columbia is extensively wrought, from whence excellent roof and writing slates are taken. There is 1 Presbyterian and 1 Episcopalian church in the t-ship.



Knowlton, post town and village of the above t-ship, on Paulinskill, 2 miles from its mouth, and by the post route 217 from W. C, 64 from Trenton, and 10 from Belvidere; contains 1 tavern, 1 store, a large grist and saw mill, a clover mill, and 6 or 7 dwellings. The country around is hilly, soil limestone.



Lawrenceville, Knowlton t-ship, Warren co., on both banks of the Paulinskill, 15 miles N. E. of Belvidere, and 3 miles W. of Marksboro; contains a store and tavern, and 10 or 12 scattering dwellings. The country around it is hilly; the soil slate on the left, and limestone on the right side of the creek.



Lawrenceville, town of Hardwick t-ship, Warren co., near the western t-ship line, 82 miles N. E. from Trenton, and 15 from Belvidere.



Lopatcong Creek, rises in the southern part of Oxford t-ship, Warren CO., and flows thence by a S. W. course of 9 or 10 miles through Greenwich t-ship, to the river Delaware, 3 or 4 miles below Philipsburg, giving motion to several mills in its course, and draining a fertile valley of primitive limestone.



Mansfield t-ship, Warren co., bounded N. E. by Independence, S. E. by the Musconetcong river, which separates it from Morris and Hunterdon COS., S. W. by Greenwich t-ship, and N. W. by Oxford t-ship. Centrally distant from Belvidere, the county town, 9 miles ; greatest length on the river 15 miles; breadth 6 miles; area, 33,000 acres; surface, mountainous; drained by the Musconetcong and Pohatcong creeks, which, divided by a chain of lofty hills, run parallel to each other, but at a distance of nearly 4 miles apart. There is a mineral spring, a chalybeate, in the S. W. part of the t-ship, much frequented. Population in 1830, 3303. In 1832 there were 800 taxables, 169 householders, whose ratable estates did not exceed 830; 11 stores, 12 pairs of stones for grinding grain, 8 carding machines, 5 saw mills, 1 furnace, 1 fulling mill, 36 tan vats, 7 distilleries, 862 horses and mules, and 1407 neat cattle in the t-ship; and the t-ship paid $1200 road and poor tax ; and $1659 42 state and county tax. The Morris canal winds through the hills the whole length of the t-ship. This is one of the richest t-ships of the state, having a large proportion of valley land underlaid with limestone. Large quantities of wheat are raised, and some, farmers sell as many as 3000 bushels annually. Iron ore abounds in the hills, and silver is said to have been discovered near the spring, but most probably this is iron pyrites.



Mansfield or Washington, p-t. of Mansfield t-ship, Warren co., founded in 1811, on the turnpike road leading from Philipsburg to Schooley's mountain ; by the post route 202 miles from W. C., and 46 from Trenton, and 5 miles S. E. of Belvidere, the county town, 30 from Morristown, 12 from Easton, and 3 miles from Musconetcong creek; contains 1 tavern, 2 stores, from 35 to 40 dwellings, 1 Methodist and 1 Presbyterian church, and 1 school. Iron ore abounds in Scott's mountain north of the village. Around the town the soil is limestone, fertile and well cultivated, and valued at from 20 to 50 dollars the acre. The town is supplied with excellent water from a spring on the south, which is distributed by 4 public fountains.



Mount Bethel, hamlet, on Stony Hill, Warren t-ship, Somerset co., 7 miles N. E. of Somerville ; contains a Baptist church, tavern, store, and 4 or 5 dwellings.



New Village, p-t., of Greenwich t-ship, Warren co., on the turnpike road from Schooley's mountain to Phillipsburg, and on the Morris canal, by the post-route 196 miles from W. C., 52 from Trenton, and 10 miles from Belvidere, the county town ; contains 1 store, 1 tavern, and 10 or 12 dwellings. It is surrounded by a fertile limestone country.



Oxford t-ship, Warren co., bounded N. W. by Knowlton ; E. by Hardwick and Independence; S. E. by Mansfield; S. by Greenwich t-ships, and W. by the Delaware river. Greatest length, N. E. and S. W., 16 miles; breadth, N. W. and S. E., 51 miles ; area, 42,000 acres. Drained chiefly by the Pequest creek and its tributary, Beaver Brook. Population in 1830, 3665; taxables, in 1832, 800. In 1832, the township contained 254 householders, whose ratables did not exceed $30 in value, 17 stores, 18 pair of stones for grinding grain, 1 carding machine, 7 saw mills, 3 furnaces, 1 tan vats, 4 distilleries, and 802 horses and mules, and 1407 neat cattle ; and it paid tax for township use, $1200, and for state and county purposes, $2229.02. Belvidere, the county town, lies on the Delaware river, in this township, and Bridgeville, Oxford and Concord are small villages from 3 to 4 miles distant from it. The surface of the township is much broken, and it possesses a great variety of soil and cultivation. The mountains, which are composed of granitic rock and crowned with wood, cover a considerable portion of it, and are cultivated wherever the hopes of reward will justify the labour. The valleys of limestone are very productive; and large quantities of wheat are grown for market. Green pond is a small lake 1 mile long by 1/2 of a mile wide, on the S. E. declivity of Jenny Jump mountain; mountain and bog ore abound, and manganese on the Delaware below Foul Rift. The towns are Belvidere, the seat of justice of the county, Bridgeville, Oxford, Concord, and Roxburg.



Oxford, small hamlet of Oxford t-ship, Warren co., three miles S. E. of Belvidere, the county town; contains a Presbyterian church, a tavern, 1 grist and 1 clover mill, and 10 or 12 dwellings.



Oxford Furnace, and village, on a branch of the Pequest creek, near the E. line of Oxford township, and five miles E. of Belvidere, the seat of justice, at the N. W. foot of Scott's mountain. This mountain vale is a very ancient site for the manufacture of iron, a furnace having been erected here more than seventy years since by the ancestor of the present owners, Messrs. Robison; but it had been out of blast for more than 20 years, when Messrs. Henry and Jordon, of Pennsylvania, undertook to renew operations. These gentlemen have obtained a lease of the furnace, with 2000 acres of woodland, and have rebuilt the works. Abundance of excellent iron ore is found in the mountain a few hundred yards from the furnace; and the lessees have sunk several shafts, and are now working a vein of magnetic ore about 13 feet thick, enclosed by walls of rotten mica. This ore is very rich and easily smelted. Old excavations are visible in many places, and shafts have recently been discovered more than 100 feet deep, and drifts exceeding 120 yards in length. The rock of Scott's mountain is primitive, and its constituents are found separately in masses, and also variously combined with each other, with hornblende and with iron of various species, forming granite, sienite, &c. The whole range of hills, of which Scott's mountain is part, forms a very interesting study for the mineralogist and geologist.



Pahaquarry, N. W. t-ship of Warren co., bounded N. E. by Walpack t-ship ; S. E., by Hardwick and Knowlton t-ships; S. W. and W. by the river Delaware. It lies wholly between the Blue mountain and the river; is centrally distant, N. from Belvidere, 15 miles. Greatest length, N.E. and S. W., 13 miles; breadth, 21 miles; area, 12,800 acres; surface, mountain and river bottom. Population by census of 1830, 258. In 1832, it contained 13 householders, whose ratables did not exceed $30 in value; but no store, and but one grist mill, 4 mill saws, 59 horses and mules, and 121 neat cattle above the age of three years, and paid a state and county tax of 8109.61. Vancamp brook flows southerly through the N. W. part of the township. Pahaquarry is the name given to a small cluster of houses, situate in the northern part of the township. The Water Gap, by which the Delaware flows through the Blue mountain, is on the southwestern boundary of the township. Brotzmanville is the postoffice. A road has lately been made through the Gap, and partly cut out of the mountain at the expense of the state. Before it was made, even foot passengers were unable to follow the river through the Gap on the Jersey side without the aid of rope ladders to assist them over the precipitous rocks. The narrow margin above the river, which nowhere exceeds the breadth of the fourth of a mile, is fertile. Upon the Pennsylvania side this margin is wider and underlaid with limestone.



Paulinskill, creek of Sussex and Warren counties, which rises by two branches; the easterly one from a pond on the south of Pimple hill, in Hardiston t-ship, and flowing thence N. W., through Newton township, into Frankford township ; the westerly one, from Long and Culver's ponds, at the foot of the Blue mountain, in Frankford, in which township the branches unite near the town of Augusta, and flow thence by a south-west course of 22 or 23 miles, to the Delaware river: the whole length of the stream, by its eastern branch, may be 35 miles. It gives motion to many mills, and flows through a very fertile country of lime and slate formations, separating them for a considerable part of its course.



Pequest Creek, rises by two branches, in the eastern part of Sussex co., which unite in Independence t-ship, Warren co., and flow thence by a S. W. course, through Oxford t-ship, to the Delaware river, at the town of Belvidere. Its whole length is about 30 miles. This is a large and rapid stream, affording abundant waterpower, and draining, by the main stem and branches, an extensive valley of primitive limestone. (See Belvidere.)



Philipsburg, town of Greenwich t-ship, Warren co., on the left bank of the Delaware river, opposite the borough of Easton, in Pennsylvania, 14 miles below the town of Belvidere, and about 60 above Trenton. Contains about 20 dwellings, 4 stores, and 2 taverns. The Morris canal communicates with the Delaware here, opposite to, and a short distance below, the basin of the Lehigh canal. A bridge of wood of three arches, covered, 600 feet long, and 24 feet wide, over the Delaware, which cost $8,000, connects Philipsburg with Easton.



Pleasant Valley, of the South mountain, Mansfield t-ship, Warren CO., through which runs a small tributary of the Pohatcong creek. The soil here, as in other valleys of the t-ship, is of primitive limestone. There is a small hamlet in the valley, at which there is a grist mill, and several dwellings, upon the turnpike road to Easton.



Pohatcong Creek, Warren co., rises near the N. E. boundary of Mansfield t-ship, and flows S. W. through that and Greenwich t-ships, by a course of three or four and twenty miles to the Delaware river, 8 or 9 miles below Philipsburg. This fine stream flows through and drains a wide and fertile valley of primitive limestone, which is very well cultivated, and produces large quantities of wheat. There is a fine view of the valley from the south-eastern acclivity of Scott's Mountain, on the road to Oxford furnace; the creek runs somewhat parallel with the Musconetcong, both following the range of the mountains, and at their mouths are scarce two miles asunder.



Ramsaysburg, p-t. of Knowlton t-ship, Warren co., on the bank of the Delaware, 215 miles N. E. from W. C, and 59 from Trenton, and 5 miles N. from Belvidere. Contains a tavern, store, an Episcopal church, and some half dozen dwellings.



Rice's Pond, Knowlton t-ship, Warren co., source of Beaver Brook, which flows thence to Pequest creek, by a S. W. course of 10 miles, turning several miles in its course.



Rocksbury, village of Oxford t-sp, Warren co., 5 miles S. of Belvidere, upon the road leading to Philipsburg ; contains a tavern, store, 2 grist and 1 oil mill, an air furnace for small castings, and from 15 to 20 dwellings.



Scott's Mountain, lying in Greenwich, Oxford, and Mansfield t-ships, Warren co., forms part of the chain of the South mountain, of which this portion covers much of the area of the three t-ships above named. The height of the mountain here may be from 700 to 800 feet above tide, and it is composed of granitic rock, based on, or breaking through limestone. It abounds with iron of several varieties, which, for near a century, has been extensively worked, near Oxford furnace; where Messrs. Henry and Jordan are, now, extensively engaged in the iron manufacture. The mountain is generally well wooded, and the valleys fruitful.



Serepta, a post-office, Warren co.



Shiloh, p-t. in the S. W. angle of Hardwick t-ship, Warren co., 12 miles N. E. of Belvidere, and 60 miles from Trenton.



Snover's Brook, rises in Sucker Pond, Stillwater t-ship, Sussex co., and flows by a S. W. course of about 8 or 9 miles through the north part of Hardwicke t-ship, into Paulinskill, on the northern part of Hamilton t-sp, Warren co.



Sodom, p-t. of Knowlton t-ship, Warren co., on Paulinskill, 12 miles N. of Belvidere, 4 E. from Columbia; contains a grist and saw mill, tavern, store, and some half-dozen dwellings. Some smelting works have lately been erected here, said to be for precious metals, discovered in the Jenny Jump mountain.



Stewartsville, p-t. of Greenwich t-ship, Warren co., centrally situate in the t-ship, on Merritt's branch of Pohatcong creek, 10 miles S. E. of Belvidere; contains a tavern, a store, and 10 or 12 dwellings; surrounded by a fertile limestone country, and lying about a mile south of the Morris canal, and about 5 miles east from Easton, Pennsylvania.



Still Valley, of Greenwich t-ship, Warren co., lying between Lopatcong and Pohatcong creeks, and extending N. E. from the river Delaware. This is a rich valley of limestone land, thickly settled, and highly productive in wheat. There is a post-office here named after the valley, on the turnpike road, between 4 and 5 miles from Easton, Pennsylvania.



Stoufs Branch, of Paulin's creek, rises in Sand Pond, Hardwick t-ship, Warren co., at the foot of the Blue mountain, and flows by a southerly course of 7 or 8 miles, to its recipient.



Straw, hamlet of Greenwich t-ship, Warren co., about 5 miles S. E. of Philipsburg, and 12 miles S. of Belvidere; contains 3 or 4 dwellings only.



Townsbury, post-office, Warren county.



Vienna, p-t. of Independence t-ship, Warren co., on the Pequest creek, near the S. W. boundary of the t-sp, by the post-road 220 miles from W. C, 54 from Trenton, and 12 from Belvidere, upon the verge of the Great Meadows; contains a Presbyterian church, a store, tavern, and 6 or 8 dwellings.



Washington, village of Mansfield t-ship, Warren county. (See Mansfield.)