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[pp.
22-23]
SALEM-CANADA.
The first movement towards the settlement of Wilton was made in 1735.
On the 19th of June of that year a petition was presented to the General Court
of Massachusetts by Samuel King and others for relief in consideration
"of their sufferings" in the expedition to Canada under Sir William
Phips in the year 1690. Agreeably to the old Roman method of rewarding
military services by colonizing the veterans, a committee was chosen,
consisting of Samuel Wells, Esq., Samuel Chandler and John Hobson, to lay out
a township of the contents of six miles square, west of Narragansett, called
Number Three, or Amherst, and also called Souhegan West, and return a plat
thereof to this Court within twelve months for confirmation.
The following is a
description of the tract of land called Salem-Canada, as laid out in May,
1736, by order of the authorities of Massachusetts Bay, and returned June 2,
1736:
"Beginning at a spruce
tree and runs north by the Needle 2191 rods on province land to a hemlock
marked; then runs East 1558 perch on Province land to a township adjoining to
and lying north of Salem-Narragansett No. 3; then turns and runs south on
said township 640 rods to a township granted to Jona Simpson and others; then
turns and runs East on said township 402 pole to a stake and stones; then
runs south 1467 perch on said Narrangansett town; then runs west 480 perch on
Duxbury School Farm to stake and heap of stones; then turns south 13 perch on
said Farm to a poplar; then runs west 1460 perch to the spruce first named."
If we suppose the distance from Duxbury School Farm to the spruce at the
southwest corner of Salem-Canada (1460 rods) to be correct, that spruce must
have been in what is now Wilton; the north line of Wilton being 1518 rods,
would leave the spruce 58 rods east of the present west line of Wilton.
In the town clerk's office at Lyndeborough was found a copy of the
Salem-Canada grant, and also a plan of the same, from which this is a copy.
The distances, etc., of the several lines on this plan were put down the same
as they appeared on the plan at Lyndeborough. It may be seen that there
is a discrepancy on the west line of fifty rods between the figures and the
sum as written out, but it is the same in the description.
The dotted lines on this plan do not represent any lines on the plan at
Lyndeborough, but represent the north line of Wilton, and the east line as
far as Lyndeborough runs south.
This tract, including Lyndeborough and the north part of Wilton, received
then the name of Salem-Canada. The term "Canada" was
obviously given on account of the remembrance of the expedition to
Canada. The prefix of "Salem" was, perhaps, due to the fact
that, in the early history of the country, Essex County, Massachusetts, of
which Salem was the shire town or capital, was represented as extending back westward
from the seaboard to the Connecticut River, covering, of course, as may be
seen by the map, the territory now occupied by the towns of Lyndeborough and
Wilton. It has also been suggested that the signers of the petition to
the General Court for relief were probably residents of Salem and
vicinity. The town of Salem-Canada, six miles square, was to be divided
into sixty-three equal shares, one of which was to be for the first settled
minister, one for the ministry, and one for the school.
The conditions of settlement were
that on each share, within three years, a good family should be settled; a
house built eighteen feet square and seven feet stud at least; that six acres
of land should be cultivated; that the inhabitants should settle a learned
orthodox minister, and build and finish a convenient meeting-house for the
public worship of God.
[pp. 24-26]
"NUMBER TWO"
The grant of Salem-Canada in 1735 by the Massachusetts General Court and the
settlements formed in it, were followed in 1749 by the grant of a new
township, from the proprietors holding under charter of John Tufton Mason, to
a company of purchasers, forty-six in number. Many of them never
resided on property, but afterwards sold their lands to settlers coming in.
These shares were drawn by lot. The deed conveying the land was dated
October 1, 1749, at Dunstable, and the lots were drawn on October 16,
1749. The name first given to the new township, which included on the
north a part of Salem-Canada, was "Number Two."
The following conditions were prescribed by the proprietors to the grantees:
1. Two lots of eighty acres each should be set apart to encourage the
building of mills.
2. One share of two hundred and forty acres should
be given to the first minister.
3. One share should be set apart for the
Christian ministry.
4. One share should be given to schools.
5. The shareholders should make all roads.
6. The original proprietors should be exempt
from all taxes.
7. The shareholders should settle and build
houses on forty lots.
8. Each settler should pay $13.33 to aid to
building up the town.
9. Those not fulfilling the conditions, except
in case of an Indian war, were to forfeit their shares.
10. White pine trees were to be reserved for the
British navy.
This new township, which, with the new territory on the south, included on
the north a portion of "Salem-Canada," received the name of
"Number Two," as stated above. This name was continued until
1762, thirteen years, as the title of Salem-Canada had been for fourteen
years, viz. : from 1735 to 1749. "Number One" was Mason,
"Number Two," Wilton.
GRANT OF THE
MASONIAN PROPRIETORS.
Extract from the deed making the grant of the township of Wilton by the
Masonian Proprietors:
PROVINCE OF
NEW HAMPSHIRE. } Pursuant to the Power
and Authority granted and vested in me by the Proprietors of Lands purchased
of John Tufton Mason Esq. in the Province of New Hampshire by their vote
Passed at their meeting held at Portsmouth in said Province the 16th day of
June 1749 I do by these presents on the terms and conditions hereafter
expressed give and grant unto Thomas READ, Esq., Robert FLETCHER, Jun.,
Joseph BLANCHARD, Jun., Oliver COLEBURN, Oliver FARWELL, Jno. USHER, THomas
SPAULDING, John LOVEWELL, Jun., John VARNUM, William FOSTER, the Rev. Mr.
Thomas PARKER, Josiah BUTTERFIELD, Anthony EMORY, Benjamin PARKER Jun.,
Nehemiah ABBOT, Samuel GREELE, Benjn. FARWELL, Oliver WHITING, Jos.
RICHARDSON, Benjn. FARLEY, Jno. KENDALL, Abraham KENDALL, David ADAMS, Joseph
FRENCH, Eleazer BLANCHARD, Zacheus LOVEWELL, Samuel FARLEY, William CUMMINGS,
Jona. POWERS, Samuel CUMMINGS, Archalaus DALE, Jacob PUTNAM, Nathaniel PUTNAM,
John DALE, Stephen HERRYMAN, John SHEAD and Ephraim PUTNAM, all the right
title and property of the Grantors aforesaid of in and to all that part of a
township or tract of land in the Province of New Hampshire aforesaid
containing five miles square Lying on the branches of Souhegan river between
Peterborough and Munson bounded as follows. Beginning at the Southwest
corner of the premises at a white pine tree, which is the Northwest corner of
the Township No. 1 and runs from thence north five miles to a white ash
marked, from thence east five miles to a stake and stones, from thence south
five miles to a Chestnut tree marked, from thence west five miles to the
white pine tree first mentioned which said Township is laid out, drawn for
and the lotts ascertained to each grantee respectively also two lotts for
encouragement for building Mills and three shares for public uses viz. one
for the first settled Minister, one for the Ministry and one for the school.
In witness whereof I the
Subscriber Joseph Blanchard of Dunstable have hereunto set my hand and seal
this first day of October 1749.
JOSEPH BLANCHARD.
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The schedule of the lots drawn is certified thus:
The afore-written lists were drawn and finished at
Dunstable, the 16th day of October 1749.
Copy examined for
JOS. BLANCHARD,
Proprietors' Clerk.
[Note: The names in the above tables have been placed into
alphabetical order by surname, rather than in the order lots were drawn as
appears in Livermore & Putnam's history.]
[pp. 17-18]
INDIANS.
The Indians of the vicinity of Wilton consisted principally of the Pawtucket
tribe, who had their headquarters at, and perhaps their designation from,
Pawtucket Falls on the Merrimack River, in Lowell, Massachusetts; the
Pennacooks, who frequented the region about Amoskeag Falls on the same river
in Manchester, New Hampshire; and the Souhegans, who either took their name
from, or gave their name to, the Souhegan River.
The Merrimack River and the branches flowing into it were the chief hunting
and fishing grounds of these bands of Native people. They were a
nomadic people, moving from place to place, as the necessity of food and
shelter dictated, or as hostilities with other tribes required. No
permanent Indian settlement seems to have been made within the limits of
Wilton, as far as known, though they traversed the country for game.
They left few traces behind them. The one certain memento in Wilton is
the name of the principal stream, the Souhegan, or, as spelled in some early
documents, "Sowhagon,", signifying, "the river of the
plains."
So far as is known, no person belonging to Wilton was carried into captivity
or killed by the Indians within the limits of the town.
When Indian
attacks were threatened, the settlers fled to neighboring garrisons.
Danger existed for about ten years. One garrison was in Milford, on the
north bank of the Souhegan River. Another was in Lyndeborough.
The apprehensions of the pioneers were so great that in 1744 they sent the
following petition, which tells its own story, to the Governor and Council of
the Province of New Hampshire:
PETITION FOR PROTECTION AGAINST THE INDIANS.
To his Excellency Benning Wentworth Esq., Governor and Commander-in-Chief of
his Majesties Province of New Hampshire.
The petition of the inhabitants of Salem-Canada in said Province Humbly
shews, That your petitioners live in a place Greatly exposed to the Indians
and have not men Sufficient for to Defend us. That tho' there be but
few of us, yet we have laid out our estates, to begin in this place, so that
we shall be extremely hurt if we must move off, for we have by the Blessing of
God on our labors, a fine crop of corn on the ground, and tho' we have a
Garrison in the town Built by Order of Maj. Lovell, yet we have nobody
empowered so much as to set a watch among us, nor men to keep it : we
would pray your Excellency that we may have some assistance from the
Government, in sending us some souldiers to Guard and Defend us as in your
wisdom you shall think proper.
Though we are but newly added to this Government, yet we pray your Excellency
not to disregard us, but to assist us, that we may keep our estates and do
service for the government hereafter. And your Petitioners, as in duty
Bound will ever pray.
John Cram,
Jr.,
John
Cram,
David Stevenson,
John
Dale,
Ephraim Putnam, Abraham Leman,
Joseph
Cram,
Samuel Leman, John Stevenson,
Jonathan
Cram,
Benjamin Cram,
SALEM-CANADA,
June 26, 1744.
What action, if any, was taken by the Governor is not known. The
presumption is that he had few soldiers to spare for such a purpose--to guard
and defend a handful of settlers who had taken their lives in their hands,
and had gone out into the wilderness beyond the protection of civilization.
At any rate, the Indians made no
raids on the peaceable inhabitants of Salem-Canada of which any record
remains. Transient hunters occasionally called on the settlers at a
long period subsequent, but they gave no molestation. Though the reign
of the Native peoples over the Wilton area has passed, lasting memorials are
found in the names they gave to our lakes, streams and mountains; the
Monadnock, Souhegan, Contoocook, Nashua, Merrimack, Pawtucket and
Pemigewasset.
EARLY WARS.
For a period of about one hundred years the French and Indians, from King
William's Ten Years' War, 1688, to Queen Anne's War, 1703, closed by the
Peace of Utrecht, 1713, and followed by other attacks, down from 1755 to
1773, kept the New England settlements in a constant state of alarm and
warfare.
The terror of these wars was that the Indians were readily influenced to
become allies of the French, and, officered by Europeans, employed to carry
havoc through New England and New York. They lay in wait as the
settlers left their block-houses in the morning to go out to their fields for
their day's work, or made night hideous as they dashed into some lone
settlement with terrible war-whoop, firing the houses, tomahawking men, and
carrying the women and children into captivity. These incursions kept
the whole country in a state of feverish alarm and terror, and suspended
regular business. The pioneers, after great sacrifices, were often
obliged to abandon their improvements, made at great cost, and take refuge in
the cities or in the fortified towns to escape. It was a guerilla
warfare of the most terrible character.
Nor were the early settlers of New England altogether innocent in the
matter. Many regarded the Indians as evil, and in some measure a
religious duty to rid them from the land.
But, as elsewhere said, Wilton bore but a small part in this fearful Indian
warfare. No tribe permanently occupied her territory. But few of
her sons engaged in the French and Indian wars.
Among the troops that were raised to reinforce the army after the battle of
Lake George, September, 1755, in Captain James Todd's company is found the
name of Ephraim Buterfield; time of enlistment September 22, time of
discharge December 13, 1755.
In the campaign of 1757, in the roll of Captain Richard Emery's company we
find the name of Henry Parker, Jr., and Josiah Parker, whose father settled
on lot No. 7, in the third range. Henry was massacred at Fort William
Henry when captured by the French and Indians under General Montcalm.
In the campaign of 1758, in the roll of Captain Nehemiah Lovewell's company
is found the name of James Mann, one of the earliest settlers in the
southwest part of Wilton, also Philip Putnam, Ephraim Butterfield and
Alexander Milliken. They were out about six months in the service.
The above enlistments
are all we find recorded in the old documents as belonging to Wilton.
WILTON PROPER.
On June 18, 1761, the following petition was addressed to Governor Benning
Wentworth:
PETITION FOR INCORPORATION.
To HIs Excellency. Benning Wentworth, Esq., Governor, &c., in
the Province of New Hampshire, and the Honorable His Majesty's Council of
said Province :
The petition of us the subscribers being Inhabitants of a tract of Land in
said Province of the contents of five miles square called and known by the
name of Number 2, which Township bounds northerly on Lyndeborough, westerly
and Southerly on Peterborough Slip and Number 1, Easterly on ye Masons Grant
not taken up; which Tract of land is considerably settled and improved, and
is this year Taxed to the Province with other towns.
We would therefore Humbly request of your Excell'y and Honors that we may be
Incorporated into a Township and be invested with such Privileges and Immunities
as other Towns have and do enjoy in this Province, for ye more easy carrying
on our Public affairs &c. and that the said Corporation may be Bounded
according to the Grant of the said Township and your Petitioners as in duty
bound will ever pray, &c. June 18, 1761.
James
Mann.
Henry Snow.
John Cram.
William
Gibson.
Jonathan Stevens.
William Kinkeid.
Haezial
Hamblet.
William Mansur.
Elexander Milieen.
Robert
Smith.
John Dale.
William Vance.
John
Burton.
Robert Renker.
Philip Putnam.
David
Barker.
Ebenezer
Perry.
John Davidson.
Jonathan
Greele.
Benjamin Thompson. Hugh Smylie.
Samuel
Mansur.
Jacob Putnam.
The prayer of the petitioners was granted, the lands were surveyed, and the
town was incorporated June 25, 1762, under the name of Wilton, derived from
an ancient borough in Wiltshire, England. This act of incorporation was
to continue in force till January 1, 1765. The first town meeting was
held June 27, 1762. A second act of incorporation was granted January
2, 1765, signed by Hon. Benning Wentworth, Governor of the Province of New
Hampshire, "to have continued until HIs Majesty's pleasure shall be
further known." As His Majesty and His Majesty's successors have,
so far as is known, taken no exception to it, it is presumed this act of
incorporation remains valid to the present day.
ADDITION OF PART OF WILTON TO TEMPLE.
In 1768 a petition was addressed to the Governor and Council by the
inhabitants of Peterborough Slip, Slipton or Sliptown, the part of
Peterborough lying east of the mountains called Pack or Petit Monadnock, to
have one mile of the west part of Wilton, and extending the length of the
town five miles, added to Peterborough Slip to form an independent
town. To compensate for this slice of a mile wide being taken off of
Wilton, the petitioners also prayed that one mile wide of territory might be
added to the town on the east. The people of Wilton addressed the
authorities with a counter-petition asking that Peterborough Slip itself
might be added to Wilton, and deprecating any addition on the east. But
the petitioners of the Peterborough Slip prevailed over the Wiltonians, and a
tract, half a mile wide and five miles long, was taken from Wilton and added
to Peterborough Slip, constituting the town of Temple.
Thus after all these changes of names and
boundaries, of Salem-Canada, "Number Two," Wilton five miles
square, and Wilton four and a half miles wide by five miles long, as at
present constituted, we have the proprietary and territorial history of the
town of Wilton up to the present time.
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