I97662: PENDA "the Strong" of MerciaKing (ABT 0590

Notes

Penda was the son of Pybba Pybba (570? - 606/15) (also Pibba, Wibba, Wybba) was an early King of Mercia. He was the son of Creoda and father of Penda.

Penda was the son of Pybba and probably came to the throne in 626. His age at this time is a matter of some dispute: according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, he was 80 years old at the time of his death (and therefore about 50 upon coming to power), but the evidence with regard to the ages of his children and relatives makes this seem implausible. During the early part of his reign, he seems to have ruled alongside his brother, Eowa. In 628, the Chronicle records a battle between Penda and the West Saxons at Cirencester.

645 - King Cenwalh of Wessex is driven from his kingdom by his one time brother-in-law, King Penda of Mercia. He flees to the Court of King Anna of East Anglia. Penda overruns Wessex.

c.650 - The Mercians, under King Penda, move on East Anglia, destroy the monastery at Burgh Castle and expel King Anna who probably flees to Magonset. It may have been at this time that Penda takes control of Magonset and installs his son, Merewalh as King there.

655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria.
November 15 - Northumbrian king Oswiu defeats the pagan Mercian king Penda in the Battle of Winwaed.

( Oswiu slew Penda in the field of Gai and now took place the slaughter of Gai Campi, and the kings of the Britons, who went out with Penda on the expedition as far as the city of Judeu, were slain.}

King of Mercia Mercia, sometimes spelled Mierce, was one of the kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon heptarchy, in what is now England, in the region of the Midlands, with its heart in the valley of the Trent and its tributary streams. Mercia's neighbors included Northumbria, Powys, the kingdoms of southern Wales, Wessex, Sussex, Essex, and East Anglia. The name survives today in the name of West Mercia Constabulary.

He was one of the most powerful of the early Anglo-Saxon The Anglo-Saxons were the Germanic peoples that invaded Britain, especially England, after the collapse of the Roman Empire. (see Anglo-Saxons)

Today the term "Anglo-Saxon" is used to refer to the English ethnic group, as opposed to "Scottish", "Irish", "Welsh" and "Cornish" (which was otherwise known as British).

the Chronicle records a battle between Penda and the West Saxons. Wessex was one of the seven major Anglo-Saxon kingdoms (the Heptarchy) that preceded the kingdom of England. It was named after the West Saxons and situated in the south and southwest of England. It existed from the 6th century until the emergence of the English state in the 9th century.

Wessex was, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, founded by Cerdic and Cynric, although the specifics given by the ASC are considered to be mostly fictitious. The first datable event in Wessex is the baptism of Cynegils around the year 640.
at Cirencester Cirencester, a market town in Gloucestershire, England, on the river Churn, a tributary of the Thames, is located 93 miles west northwest of London.

Throughout his reign, Penda benefited from alliances with the Welsh. At some point in the 6th or 7th centuries, the Mercian kings conquered the easternmost parts of Powys. King Offa made this conquest permanent by ordering the construction of Offa's Dyke. Powys suffered from repeated Anglo-Saxon raids in the following centuries.

In the Battle of Hatfield Chase, Penda of Mercia and Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd defeat and kill Edwin of Northumbria. Penda and his Welsh allies defeated the Northumbrians

at Hatfield Chase The Battle of Hatfield Chase was fought in Anglo-Saxon England between the Northumbrians under Edwin and the allied Welsh of Gwynedd under Cadwallon ap Cadfan and Mercians under Penda. It took place on October 12, 633 and was a decisive victory for the Welsh and Mercians: Edwin was killed and his army was destroyed.

Edwin had conquered Gwynedd a few years before the battle and driven Cadwallon into exile. When the latter returned to Britain, he forged an alliance with Penda, who was then undertaking a siege of Exeter in Dumnonia, and together they recaptured Gwynedd from the Northumbrians.

They then invaded Northumbria itself, and the two sides met at Hatfield Chase, north of Doncaster. and killed their king, Edwin Edwin (alternately Eadwine or Æduini) (c. 584 - October 12, 633) was a King of Northumbria (616 - 633). He was the son of Aella of Deira and the brother of Aethelric of Deira. The name "Eadwine" is Old English for "wealthy friend".

Around the year 604, upon the seizure of Deira by his brother-in-law, Æthelfrith of Bernicia, Edwin was expelled and took refuge with One of Edwin's sons, Eadfrith, was captured by Penda, who later had him killed.

642 August 5 - In the Battle of Maserfield, Penda king of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald, king of Bernicia.

Penda defeated the Northumbrians at the Battle of Maserfield The battle of Maserfield (or Maserfeld) was fought August 5, 642, between the Anglo-Saxon kings Oswald of Bernicia and Penda of Mercia, ending in Oswald's defeat, death, and dismemberment.

Since the death of Oswald's uncle Edwin of Northumbria at Hatfield Chase in 633, Mercia under Penda had been dominant in the north of England. Oswald had already avenged Edwin's death by defeating the Britons at Heavenfield, and now purposed to do the same to Penda, bringing his army to Maserfield, now Oswestry ("Oswald's Tree") in Shropshire, near the Welsh border. and killed their king, Oswald Oswald (c. 604 - August 5, 642) was a King of Northumbria (634 - 642). He was the son of Æthelfrith of Bernicia, King of Northumbria.

After his father's death and defeat in battle against Raedwald of East Anglia, Oswald fled to Dalriada, where he was converted to Christianity by the monks of Iona. In 629, he fought under Connadd Cerr in the Battle of Fid Eoin in Ireland.

The pagan Penda had the Christian Oswald's body mutilated, and Oswald was thereafter revered as a martyr; the site of the battle became known as Oswestry, or "Oswald's Tree", because Penda had hung his remains from a tree. Penda's brother, Eowa, was also killed in this battle; however, it is unclear on which side he was fighting.

Penda devoted most of his reign to aggression against the other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. It was probably at some point between 635 and 640 that he fought with the East Anglians and defeated them, killing their kings Sigebert and Egric.

In 645, Penda attacked Wessex again and its king, Cenwealh (who had divorced Penda's sister), fled into exile; however, Cenwealh was able to return to power in 648. Around the year 650, Penda attacked East Anglia and drove out its king, Anna; when Anna attempted to reclaim his kingdom in 653 or 654, Penda invaded again and killed him in battle.

During the reign of Penda, the districts corresponding to Cheshire, Shropshire and Herefordshire were probably acquired by Mercia; here Penda installed a king called Merewalh over the Magonsaete. In later centuries it was said that Merewalh was a son of Penda, but there is little basis for that claim.

Penda also established his son Peada as a dependent prince in Middle Anglia. Although a pagan, he allowed his daughter Cyneburg to marry Ecgfrith, the son of King Oswiu of Northumbria, and it was during Peada's reign that Christianity was introduced into Middle Anglia.

Penda's reign was primarily characterized by the long conflict with Northumbria, the only other Anglo-Saxon kingdom of this period that could rival Mercia in power. Despite his major successes in battle against the Northumbrians in 633 and 642, war dragged on endlessly, since Penda was never able to achieve a final victory over them and yet was unwilling to compromise. He continually raided Northumbria and once almost succeeded in reducing the royal stronghold of Bamburgh; when he was unable to capture it, Bede reports that he attempted to set the city ablaze, but that it was saved by a sacred wind that blew the fire back in the faces of the Mercians.

Finally, in 655, Penda invaded Northumbria with a huge army, reported to have been thirty legions strong, which included several of his client kings and allies, such as Cadfael ap Cynfeddw of Gwynedd and Aethelhere of East Anglia. He even enjoyed the support of Aethelwald, the king of Deira, a sub-kingdom of southern Northumbria. Recognizing the odds against him, Oswiu tried to buy peace. Perhaps some agreement was temporarily reached, since Oswiu's son Ecgfrith was taken hostage by Penda and the Historia Britonum reports that Penda accepted Oswiu's offer of treasure, although Bede states that the offer was rejected. In any case, a great battle was fought near the river Winwaed on November 15. Although the numerical odds were on his side, Penda was deserted by Cadfael and Aethelwald. He suffered a crushing defeat and was killed.
http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Penda%20of%20Mercia

Children: Aethelred (I; King) of MERCIA; Wulfhere (Wulfred) (King) of MERCIA

"Penda, son of Pybba, reigned ten years; he first separated the kingdom of Mercia from that,of the Northmen, and slew by treachery Anna, king of the East Anglians, and St. Oswald, king of the Northmen. He fought the battle of Cocboy, in which fell Eawa, son of Pybba, his brother, king of the Mercians, and Oswald, king of the Northmen, and he gained the victory by diabolical agency. He was not baptized, and never believed in God." ^[S3753] ^[S3557] ^[S3753]

Notes

William Cabell in Amherst Co. VA records on 2 Apr 1782, Claims for Property impressed or Taken for Public Service p. 70.
See: Records of Ante-Bellum Southern Plantations From the Revolution Through the Civil War: Mss5:5C1117:1-9, William Cabell Commonplace Books, 1769-1795, Amherst and Nelson Counties, Virginia. http://www.lexisnexis.com/academic/guides/southern_hist/plantatio ns/plantm4.htm

Children:
Landon Cabell
Samuel Jordan Cabell b. 15 Dec 1756 in Nelson, Soldier's Joy, VA

William Cabell b. 25 Mar 1759 in Union Hill, Amherst Co., VA
Elizabeth Cabell b. 1774

^[S1925]

Notes

Ann Hawkins Gerrard Bayne - She was daughter of Richard Hawkins? and md Thomas Gerrard (justice of St. Mary's 1676-1679). She then Married Capt John BAYNE.

The administration accounts of Madam Ann Bayne were dated 7/15/1703 in Charles Co.

Abstracts of Inventories and Accounts of the Prerogative Court of Maryland 1699-1704 Libers 20-24 compiled by V.L. Skinner Jr.

Madam Ann Bayne 24.134 Inventory Charles County £910.17.6 July 15 1703
Servants mentioned: Thomas Luckett and his wife (unnamed) to be allowed Mr. Walter Bayne, John Rage, Charles Dawson, and Robert Mahone, Alix Mills, John Dean, John Boyne(Bayne), Sarah Orway.
Appraisers: Robert Yates and William Herbert.
Mentions estate of Capt. John Bayne .

Notes

Children:
2 Thomas PAXTON + Rebecca HOGSHEAD
2 James PAXTON
2 Jean PAXTON + Andrew CUMMINS
2 Sarah PAXTON + David EDMONDSON d: 1821
2 Mary PAXTON + John TEDFORD
2 John PAXTON b: 1747 d: 1832 + Sarah WALKER b: 1750 d: 1839
2 Samuel PAXTON b: 11 JUL 1748 d: 1807 + Sarah (Sally) COALTER
2 William PAXTON b: 1757 d: 1838 + Jane GRISBY b: 19 JAN 1769 d: 1832
2 Joseph PAXTON b: ABT. 1760 d: 1817 + Esther LYLE b: ABT. 1760
2 Hugh PAXTON b: ABT. 1770 d: 1838 + UNKNOWN

Marriage 2 Mary BARCLAY Married: 3 MAR 1774
Children
David PAXTON
Hugh PAXTON
Joseph PAXTON
Hannah PAXTON
Isabella PAXTON

Notes

Minnie was the daughter of Samuel and Minnee Clark Rhodes of Giles Co., TN and was adopted by John and Estelle Lindsay.

Notes

daughter of Squire Stevens and Hannah Elizabeth Houston
SEE EMANUEL STEVENS FAMILY
http://www.cei.net/~halvis/stev_fam.html#nmstevens

My Southern Family

King PENDA "the Strong" of Mercia

ABT 0590 - 15 Nov 0655

ID Number: I97662

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Sources

Col. William H. CABELL

13 Mar 1730 - 23 Mar 1798

ID Number: I47313

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Eliza Jane ELLZEY

5 Sep 1830 - 4 Apr 1899

ID Number: I4640

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Elizabeth "Betsy" GARNETT

1743 - ____

ID Number: I74887

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Anne HAWKINS?

ABT 1640 - BEF 15 Jul 1703

ID Number: I72517

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William MAY

ABT 1710 - ____

ID Number: I24538

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Thomas PAXTON

1719 - 27 Sep 1788

ID Number: I101394

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Minnie Lee RHODES

Nov 1877 - ____

ID Number: I176

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Nancy M. STEVENS

30 Jul 1812 - ____

ID Number: I41058

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Katherine WHITE

William A. WIGGINTON

1845 - ____

ID Number: I49683

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