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_ROBERT BOYD 1st Baron of Kilmarnock_|
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_THOMAS BOYD 2nd Baron of Kilmarnock_|
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|--THOMAS BOYD 3rd Baron of Kilmarnock
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"In a letter to his family in 1861 he wrote that "I am with the
South in death, in victory or defeat. [Like most Southrons, he
said] I never owned a Negro and care nothing for them, but these
people have been my friends and have stood up to me on all
occasions. In addition to this, I believe the North is about to
wage a brutal and unholy war on a people who have done them no
wrong, in violation of the constitution and the fundamental
principles of the government. They no longer acknowledge that
all government derives its validity from the consent of the
governed." http://www.westga.edu/~cscott/general.html.
"The words of Irish-born Confederate Major General Patrick
Cleburne from his January, 1864, letter which proposed the
emancipation and enlistment of Black Southerners into the
Confederate Army possess great irony:
"Every man should endeavor to understand the meaning of
subjugation before it is too late...It means the history of this
heroic struggle will be written by the enemy; that our youth
will be trained by Northern schoolteachers; will learn from
Northern school books their version of
the war; will be impressed by the influences of history and
education to regard our gallant dead as traitors, and our maimed
veterans as fit objects for derision...
....It is said slavery is all we are fighting for, and if we
give it up we give up all. Even if this were true, which we
deny, slavery is not all our enemies are fighting for. It is
merely the pretense to establish sectional superiority and a
more centralized form of government, and to
deprive us of our rights and liberties."
According to History of a Great Island, by Rev. Henry Dennehy,
Patrick Ronaynes Cleburne was born at Annbrook House, Glenmore,
Great Island in County Cork. His father was a doctor and his
mother was one of the Berry-Hill Ronaynes who built the home.
Enlisting in the 41st Regiment of Foot after failing a medical
exam, Cleburne's unit was charged with maintaining order in a
country racked by potato famine. The lessons he learned would
serve him well.
Cleburne moved to America in 1849 and practiced law in Arkansas.
In 1862 he received a commission as brigadier general in the
Confederate Army. One of two foreign born officers to attain the
rank of major general in the Confederate armed forces, he was
recognized as a skilled combat officer and distinguished himself
in many battles.
At Chattanooga he repelled Sherman's attack in spite of being
outnumbered 4 to 1. During the retreat from that battle he won
the Battle of Ringgold Gap although Hooker had 3 men for his 1.
He repeatedly faced Sherman's advancing troops during the
Atlanta Campaign. After Cleburne's troops absorbed the Union
assault at Pickett's Mill, he was moved to the Confederate left
and was involved in the skirmishing along the Dallas line.
During the Nashville Campaign he succeeded to the command of
Hardee's Corps. On his way north during this campaign, Cleburne
stopped at a church in Maury County, Tennessee, and by local
tradition was heard to comment at the cemetery of Saint John's
Church that, "it is almost worth dying for to be buried in such
a beautiful place." Cleburne was killed in battle a few days
later at Franklin, Tennessee, on November 30, 1864 and buried
here until later disinterred.
His sobriquet(nickname) was "Stonewall Jackson of the West". It
would have been more accurate to call Jackson "Pat Cleburne of
the East". Fighting on the western front Cleburne generally got
less glory than generals in the east. Fighting under Braxton
Bragg, Joseph E. Johnston, and John Bell Hood, arguably the most
incapable succession of commanding officers, Cleburne repeatedly
demonstrated his abilities. Fighting for the losing side he got
less attention and coverage than the Union generals. But
Cleburne fought for a cause(states rights), and one in which he
firmly believed.
One other event affected how he was viewed during and after the
war. Stationed at Tunnel Hill, Ga. after the defeat at
Chattanooga, Cleburne, leading a group of commissioned officers,
proposed drafting Negroes into the Confederate Army in return
for their emancipation. He reasoned that in one stroke they
could increase the size of the army and eliminate a reason for
the Federals to fight. While it is doubtful that the resolve of
President Lincoln would have been altered (he was fighting to
preserve the Union, not to end slavery), the proposal caused
quite a backlash in the south and possibly affected the length
of the war. When Jefferson Davis decided to remove Johnston from
command during the Battle of Atlanta, he selected John Bell Hood
over Pat Cleburne in part because of this proposal.
Today no statue exists for this icon of the Confederacy and many
of the battlefields on which he fought are unprotected. His
stand at Missionary Ridge, the rearguard action at Ringgold Gap,
bloody Pickett's Mill... "
"Through the Patrick Cleburne Society, we hope to rectify this
oversight, and preserve for future generations not only the
battlefields where Cleburne's Division won immortality, but the
story of the man who led it."
http://ngeorgia.com/people/cleburnep.html.
"Life has always been a small matter with me when duty points
the way," wrote Patrick R. Cleburne to his brother on the eve of
war in 1861. Newly elected Captain of a company of militia
called the Yell Rifles raised in Phillips County, Arkansas, his
words would become synonymous with his conduct over the next
four years.
Patrick Cleburne Society
P.O. Box 157 1113 Murfreesboro Rd, Franklin, Tennessee 37064
[email protected]
Patrick Cleburne Links on this site:
http://ngeorgia.com/books/cleburne.html
"Moved by the exigency in which our country is now placed, we
take the liberty of laying before you, unofficially, our views
on the present state of affairs....We have now been fighting for
nearly three years, have spilled much of our best blood, and
lost, consumed, or thrown to the flames an amount of property
equal in value to the specie currency of the world. Through some
lack in our system the fruits of our struggles and sacrifices
have invariably slipped away from us and left us nothing but
long lists of dead and mangled. Instead of standing defiantly on
the borders of our territory or harassing those of the enemy, we
are hemmed in today into less than two-thirds of it, and still
the enemy menacingly confronts us at every point with superior
forces. Our soldiers can see no end to this state of affairs
except in our own exhaustion; hence, instead of rising to the
occasion, they are sinking into a fatal apathy, growing weary of
hardships and slaughters which promise no results....
Every man should endeavor to understand the meaning of
subjugation before it is too late. We can give but a faint idea
when we say that it means the loss of all we not hold most
sacred - slaves and all other personal property, lands,
homesteads, liberty, justice, safety, priode, manhood. It means
the history of this heroic struggle will be written by the
enemy; that our youth will be trained by Northern
schoolteachers; will learn from Northern school books their
version of the war; will be impressed by the influences of
history and education to regard our gallant dead as traitors,
and our maimed veterans as fit objects for derision....
...The President of the United States announces that 'he has
already in training an army of 100,000 negroes as good as any
troops,' and every fresh raid he makes and new slice of
territory he wrests from us will add to this force. Every
soldier in our army already knows and feels our numerical
inferiority to the enemy....Our single source of supply is that
portion of our white men fit for duty and not now in the ranks.
The enemy has three sources of supply: First, his own motley
population; secondly, our slaves; and thirdly, Europeans whose
hearts are fired into a crusade against us by fictitious
pictures of the atrocities of slavery, and who meet no
hinderance from their Governments in such enterprise, because
these Governments are equally antagonistic to the institution.
In touching the third cause, the fact that slavery has become a
military weakness, we may rouse prejudice and passion, but the
time has come when it would be madness not to look at our danger
from every point of view, and to probe it to the bottom. Apart
from the assistance that home and foreign prejudice against
slavery has given the North, slavery is a source of great
strength to the enemy in a purely military point of view, by
supplying him with an army from our granaries; but it is our
most vulnerable point, a continued embarrassment, and in some
respects an insidious weakness....Like past years, 1864 will
diminish our ranks by the casualties of war, and what source of
repair is there left us?....
Our country has already some friends in England and France, and
there are strong motives to induce these nations to recognize
and assist us, but they cannot assist us without helping
slavery, and to do this would be in conflict with their policy
for the last quarter of a century, England has paid hundreds of
millions to emancipate her West India slaves and break up the
slave-trade. Could she now consistently spend her treasure to
reinstate slavery in this country? But this barrier once
removed, the sympathy and the interests of these and other
nations will accord with our own, and we may expect from them
both moral support and mateiral aid....This measure will deprive
the North of the moral and material aid which it now derives
from the bitter prejudices with which foreigners view the
institution, and its war, if continued, will henceforth be so
despicable in their eyes that the sources of recruiting will be
dried up. It will leave the enemy's negro army no motive to
fight for, and will exhaust the source from which it has been
recruited. The idea that it is their special mission to war
against slavery has held growing sway over the Northern people
for many years, and has at length ripened into an armed and
bloody crusade against it....Knock this away and what is left" A
bloody ambition for more territory, a pretended veneration for
the Union, which one of their own most distinguished orators
(Doctor Beecher in his Liverpool speech) openly avowed was only
used as a stimulus to stir up the anti-slavery crusade, and
lastly the poisonous and selfish interests which are the fungus
growth of the war itself. Mankind may fancy it a great duty to
destroy slavery, but what interest can mankind have in upholding
this remainder of the Northern war platform?
The Constitution of the Southern States has reserved to their
respective governments the power to free slaves for meritorious
services to the State. It is politic besides. For many years,
ever since the agitation of the subject of slavery commenced,
the negro has been dreaming of freedom, and his vivid
imagination has surrounded that condition with so many
gratifications that it has become the paradise of his hopes. To
attain it he will tempt dangers and difficulties not exceeded by
the bravest soldier in the field....The slaves are dangerous
now, but armed, trained, and collected in an army they would be
a thousand fold more dangerous; therefore when we make soldiers
of them we must make free men of them beyond all question, and
thus enlist their sympathies also....
It is said that Republicanism cannot exist without the
institution. Even were this true, we prefer any form of
government of which the Southern people may have the molding, to
one forced upon us by a conqueror....It is said slavery is all
we are fighting for, and if we give it up we give up all. Even
if this were true, which we deny, slavery is not all our enemies
are fighting for. It is merely the pretense to establish
sectional superiority and a more centralized form of government,
and to deprive us of our rights and liberties."
The idea of the Confederacy considering enlisting blacks isn't
quite so far fetched as it seems today. Early in the War, for
example, it was reported in the Southern press that some mixed
race, free men had offered to organize regiments composed of
their peers. Uniformed, black musicians served from the start of
the War. In addition, there have recently appeared in various
publications reports of various individual slaves serving as
personal servants, laborers, or cooks who picked up guns and
fought and black or mixed-race individuals who enlisted in the
Confederate army.
Ultimately, a number of Confederate soldiers, including General
Robert E. Lee, advocate the enlistment of blacks. On 15 March,
1864, for example, several commissioned offcers in Thomas'
Brigade (14th Georgia) asked General Thomas to forward a request
that almost all the enlisted men had agreed to which proposed
"...that negroes in the counties of Georgia which our companies
hail from be conscribed [sic] in such numbers and under such
regulations as the War Department may deem proper....
...When in former years," they explained, "for pecuniary
purposes, we did not consider it disgraceful to labor with
negroes in the field or at the same work bench, we certainly
will not look upon it in any other light at this time, when an
end so glorious as our independence is to be achieved. We
sincerely believe that the adoption throughout our army of the
course indicated in the above plan, or something similar to it,
will insure a speedy availability of the negro element in our
midst for military purposes and crate, or rather cement, a
reciprocal attachment between the men now in service and the
negroes highly beneficial to the service..." On 18 March, 1865,
General Thomas approved and forwarded this proposal.
According to Ervin L. Jordan, Jr. in his book, Black
Confederates and Afro-Yankees in Civil War Virginia, after the
Confederate Congress approved of the enlistment of
blacks--something General Robert E. Lee had been advocating for
a good while--a few black units participated in minor
engagements.
A complete copy of General Cleburne's proposal to enlist blacks
can be found in The Gray and the Black, The Confederate Debate
on Emancipation by Robert F. Durden.
"If this cause that is so dear to my heart is doomed to fail,
then I pray heaven may let me fall with it, while my face is
turned toward the enemy and my right arm battling for that which
I know to be right." -- Patrick R. Cleburne in a address to his
troops on 2 October, 1864.
http://www.westga.edu/~cscott/general.html.
Book: "Stonewall of the West Patrick Cleburne and the Civil War"
by Craig L. Symonds; University Press of Kansas, available on
Amazon.com. ISBN 0-7006-0820-6
"His youngest half-brother Christopher Cleburne "Kit", age 23,
KIA 10 May 1864 at a skirmish at Dublin, Kentucky and was a
Lieutenant in the 5th Kentucky Cavalry, a part of John Hunt
Morgan's command, CSA. Kit fell "while gallantly leading his
men in a charge on the enemy". Morgan had recently promoted the
young officer to acting Captain, and despite his youth his peers
considered him "one of the most promising young officers in the
army". "
[375851]
later disinterred.
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[Brøderbund WFT Vol. 9, Ed. 1, Tree #2985, Date of Import: 11
Jun 1997]
Source: The Bowmans, a Pioneering Family by John W. Wayland "Mrs
(Bryan)Bowman was born Sarah Henry, in PA Sep 8, 1757. By her
first marriage she had a son, David Bryan, born April 30, 1779.
Her first husband, David Bryan, is believed to have been the son
of David Bryan who died in Botetourt Co in 1767, whose widow
married Col. John Bowman. David Bryan who died in 1767, had,
when he made his will in 1766, sons William and David."
Sarah was the sister of Patrick Henry.HFG (I don't see this as
fact, Patrick had a sister Sarah who m. Thomas and Englishman).
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Mother: Nancy WRIGHT |
_Joseph HIGGINBOTHAM __+
| (1761 - 1817) m 1788
_Lindsey HIGGINBOTHAM ___________________________|
| (1794 - 1865) m 1817 |
| |_Frances HIGGINBOTHAM _+
| (1765 - 1830) m 1788
_Joseph James HIGGINBOTHAM _|
| (1821 - ....) m 1846 |
| | _James HIGGINBOTHAM ___+
| | | (1775 - 1825) m 1797
| |_Elinor (Eleanor) HIGGINBOTHAM __________________|
| (1800 - 1864) m 1817 |
| |_Mary BROWN ___________+
| (1778 - 1857) m 1797
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|--Burrus Agustus HIGGINBOTHAM
| (1851 - 1907)
| _______________________
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| _(RESEARCH QUERY) WRIGHT of NC;SC;GA;AL;LA;MS;TX_|
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| | |_______________________
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|_Nancy WRIGHT ______________|
(1823 - ....) m 1846 |
| _______________________
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Mother: UNNAMED |
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_James MCNEALY "the Immigrant"_|
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|--Agnes MCNEALY
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|_UNNAMED_______________________|
(1700 - 1764) |
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Father: William THORNTON III Mother: Elizabeth FITZHUGH |
_WILLIAM II THORNTON of "The Hills"____+
| (1585 - 1660)
_William III THORNTON "the Immigrant"_|
| (1620 - 1708) m 1648 |
| |_Frances ROBINSON _____________________
| (1600 - 1650)
_William THORNTON III_|
| (1649 - 1727) m 1671 |
| | _John ROWLAND "the Immigrant"__________
| | | (1614 - ....)
| |_Elizabeth ROWLAND ___________________|
| (1627 - ....) m 1648 |
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|--Anna THORNTON
| (1685 - ....)
| _(RESEARCH QUERY) FITZHUGH of Virginia_
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| _John FITZHUGH _______________________|
| | (1624 - ....) |
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|_Elizabeth FITZHUGH __|
(1652 - 1688) m 1671 |
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