Humphrey BOHUN of Boroughbridge

BOHUN

d. before 1093

Issue-

· I. Robert- d. before 1093 · II. Richard de Meri- d. after 1092. Richard was heir to the Norman estates · 2III. HUMPHREY- m. MATILDA de SALISBURY, d.c.1129 · IV. Ingelger- a monk of St. Georges de Bohon · V. Adela- · VI. ______- a nun at St. Leger des Preaux · VII. ______- a nun at St. Leger des Preaux

Ref:

Domesday Descendants- K.S.B. Keats- Rohan, Boydell Press, 2002- p. 331 Domesday People- K.S.B. Keats-Rohan, Boydell Press, 1999- pp. 272-3

2III. HUMPHREY (HUMPHREY 1), Baron of Trowbridge, Wiltshire

m. MATILDA de SALISBURY d.c.1129

Issue-

· 3I. HUMPHREY- b.c.1108, m. MARGARET of GLOUCESTER (d. 6 Apr. 1197)

Ref:

English Baronies- I.J. Sanders, Oxford University Press, 2^nd edition, 1963- p. 91 Dictionary of National Biography- Leslie Stephen, Ed., Oxford University Press Domesday Descendants- K.S.B. Keats- Rohan, Boydell Press, 2002- pp. 331-2, 701

Domesday People- K.S.B. Keats-Rohan, Boydell Press, 1999- pp. 272-3 Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica- Burials at Llanthony- Vol. I, p. 169

3I. HUMPHREY (HUMPHREY 1, HUMPHREY 2), Baron of Trowbridge, Wiltshire

b.c.1108 m. MARGARET of GLOUCESTER (d. 6 Apr. 1197) d. 1165

Issue-

· 4I. HUMPHREY- m. MARGARET of SCOTLAND (d. 1201), d.c.1187 · II. Maud- m.1. Henry d’Oilly (d. 1163), 2. Walter FitzRobert (d. 1198), d. after 1200

Ref:

Complete Peerage- St. Catherine Press, London- Vol. VI, p. 457; XII, p. 364 English Baronies- I.J. Sanders, Oxford University Press, 2^nd edition, 1963- p. 91 Dictionary of National Biography- Leslie Stephen, Ed., Oxford University Press Domesday Descendants- K.S.B. Keats- Rohan, Boydell Press, 2002- pp.332, 479-80

4I. HUMPHREY (HUMPHREY 1, HUMPHREY 2, HUMPHREY 3), Constable of England

m. MARGARET of SCOTLAND (see CRINAN) d. 1201, bur. Sawtrey Abbey, Huntingdonshire d.c.1187

Issue-

· 5I. HENRY- b. 1176, m. MAUD de MANDEVILLE (d. 27 Aug. 1236), d. 1 June 1220

Ref:

Complete Peerage- St. Catherine Press, London- Vol. VI, pp. 457, 637ff; X, pp. 780, 791-3 Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica- Burials at Llanthony- Vol. I, p. 169 Dictionary of National Biography- Leslie Stephen, Ed., Oxford University Press Domesday Descendants- K.S.B. Keats- Rohan, Boydell Press, 2002- pp. 246, 332

5I. HENRY (HUMPHREY 1, HUMPHREY 2, HUMPHREY 3, HUMPHREY 4), Earl of Hereford

b. 1176 m. MAUD de MANDEVILLE (d. 27 Aug. 1236) d. 1 June 1220 on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land bur. Llanthony Priory, Gloucestershire

By his marriage to Maud, Henry received Pleshey Castle which became the main castle to many generations of Bohuns. The male line of Miles of Gloucester having failed, on the accession of King John of England, Bohun was created Earl of Hereford and Constable of England (1199). Henry was one of the 25 sureties of the Magna Carta in 1215, and was subsequently excommunicated by the Pope. He was also a supporter of King Louis VIII of France and was captured at the Battle of Lincoln in 1217.

He died whilst on pilgrimage to the Holy Land and was succeeded by his son Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford in 1220.

Issue-

· 6I. HUMPHREY- b.c. 1208, m.1. MAUD de LUSIGNAN (d. 14 Aug. 1241), 2. Maud de Avenbury (d. 8 Oct. 1273 Sorges, Gascony), d. 24 Sept. 1275 · II. Maud- m. Henry d’Oilly of Hook Norton, Oxfordshire · III. Ralph- of Midhurst. Ralph is the direct male ancestor to the famous Daniel Boone.

Ref:

Complete Peerage- St. Catherine Press, London- Vol. V, p. 134; VI, pp. 457-9 English Baronies- I.J. Sanders, Oxford University Press, 2^nd edition, 1963- p. 92 Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica- Burials at Llanthony- Vol. I, p. 169 Dictionary of National Biography- Leslie Stephen, Ed., Oxford University Press Domesday Descendants- K.S.B. Keats- Rohan, Boydell Press, 2002- p.332 Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700- Frederick Lewis Weis

6I. HUMPHREY , (HUMPHREY 1, HUMPHREY 2, HUMPHREY 3, HUMPHREY 4, HENRY 5) Earl of Hereford

b.c.1208 m.1. MAUD de LUSIGNAN (d. 14 Aug. 1241, bur. Llanthony, Gloucester) 2. Maud de Avenbury (d. 8 Oct. 1273 Sorges, Gascony, bur. 1290 Llanthony Priory) d. 24 Sept. 1275 bur. Llanthony, Gloucestershire

Humphrey was one of the nine godfathers of Prince Edward, later to be Edward I of England. After returning from a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, he was one of the writers of the Provisions of Oxford in 1258.

Issue- all children by Maud de Lusignan

· I. Alice- m. Roger de Toni (b. 29 Sept. 1235, d. before 12 May 1264) · II. Maud- m.1. Anselm Marshal, Earl of Pembroke (d. 23 Dec. 1245 Striguil), 2. Roger de Quincy, Earl of Winchester (d.s.p. 25 Apr. 1264 Brackley), d.s.p. 20 Oct. 1252 Groby, Leicestershire · 7III. HUMPHREY- m.1. c.1247 ELEANOR de BRAOSE, 2. Joan de Quincy (d. 25 Nov. 1283), d. 27 Aug. 1265 Beeston Castle · IV. Eleanor- m. John de Verdun (b.c.1226, d. 21 Oct. 1274)

Ref:

Beauchamp Cartulary Charters 1100-1268- E. Mason, Ed., 1980- pp. 214,216 New Complete Peerage- St. Catherine Press, London- Vol. VI, pp. 446, 459-62; X, p. 376 The Ancestry of Dorothea Poyntz- Ronny O Bodine, Thomas W. Spalding Jr., 1999-pp. 189, 204 English Baronies- I.J. Sanders, Oxford University Press, 2^nd edition, 1963- p. 92 Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica- Burials at Llanthony- Vol. I, p. 169

7III. HUMPHREY , (HUMPHREY 1, HUMPHREY 2, HUMPHREY 3, HUMPHREY 4, HENRY 5, HUMPHREY 6) Earl of Hereford

m.1. c.1247 ELEANOR de BRAOSE (d. 1251) 2. Joan de Quincy (d. 25 Nov. 1283) d. 27 Aug. 1265 after the Battle of Evesham in prison at Beeston Castle, Cheshire

Issue- all children by Eleanor

· 8I. HUMPHREY- b.c.1249, m.c.1275 MAUD de FIENNES (d. before 1298), d. 31 Dec. 1298 Pleshy, Essex · II. Alianore – m. 26 June 1269 Robert de Ferrers, Earl of Derby (b.c.1239, d. 1279), 20 Feb. 1314, bur. Walden Abbey · III. Margaret- m. Theobald de Verdun, Lord Verdun (b.c.1248 Alton, Staffordshire, d. 24 Apr. 1309)

Ref:

New Complete Peerage- St. Catherine Press, London- Vol. IV, p. 202; VI, pp.462-3 Dictionary of National Biography- Leslie Stephen, Ed., Oxford University Press The Ancestry of Dorothea Poyntz- Ronny O Bodine, Thomas W. Spalding Jr., 1999-p.155 English Baronies- I.J. Sanders, Oxford University Press, 2^nd edition, 1963- p. 123

8I. HUMPHREY (HUMPHREY 1, HUMPHREY 2, HUMPHREY 3, HUMPHREY 4, HENRY 5, HUMPHREY 6, HUMPHREY 7) , Earl of Hereford

b.c.1249 m. c.11 June 1275 MAUD de FIENNES (d. before 1298, bur. Walden Abbey) d. 31 Dec. 1298, Pleshy, Essex bur. Walden Abbey

Humphrey succeeded his grandfather, Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, in 1275 as Earl of Hereford and Essex and Lord High Constable. Around 1264, he was made Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports.

Humphrey de Bohun took part in Roger Mortimer's war against the Welsh, and was present at the defeat at Cefnllys in November, 1262, by Llywelyn ap Gruffydd. He also participated in the campaigns against the Gauls and the Scots.

He refused to pay tribute to Edward I of England and convened an army at Worcester on 24 June 1277. In the campaign he commanded the nobles of the Welsh Marches and recovered the lands of Brecon. He was later imprisoned but freed by a ransom of 10,000 marcs. In 1294, Humphrey fought again against King Edward at Gallois along with Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk and other Barons. Ultimately, Humphrey regained the royal favour in Scotland, once more on the side of Edward I, and won the victory at Falkirk on 22 July 1298.

Issue-

· 9I. HUMPHREY- b.c.1276, m. 14 Nov. 1302 Westminster Abbey, ELIZABETH PLANTAGENET (b. 7 Aug. 1282 Rhudlan Castle, Caernavon, m.1. Johann, Graf von Holland, d. 5 May 1316, bur. Walden Abbey), killed 16 Mar. 1321/2 Boroughbridge, Yorkshire

Ref:

New Complete Peerage- St. Catherine Press, London- Vol. VI, pp.463-6 Dictionary of National Biography- Leslie Stephen, Ed., Oxford University Press The Ancestry of Dorothea Poyntz- Ronny O Bodine, Thomas W. Spalding Jr., 1999-p.115

English Baronies- I.J. Sanders, Oxford University Press, 2^nd edition, 1963- p. 92 Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700- Frederick Lewis Weis Les Seigneurs de Bohun- Jean Le Melletier, 1978- pp.32-4

9I. HUMPHREY(HUMPHREY 1, HUMPHREY 2, HUMPHREY 3, HUMPHREY 4, HENRY 5, HUMPHREY 6, HUMPHREY 7, HUMPHREY 8)

b.c.1276
m. 14 Nov. 1302 Westminster, ELIZABETH PLANTAGENET (b. 7 Aug. 1282 Rhudlan Castle, Caernavon, m.1. Johann, Graf von Holland, d. 5 May 1316, bur. Walden Abbey, Essex)

killed 16 Mar. 1321/2 Battle of Boroughbridge, Yorkshire

Sir Humphrey was Earl of Hereford and Essex and Lord High Constable of England.

Humphrey was one of several earls and barons under Edward I who laid siege to Caerlaverock Castle in Scotland in 1300 and later took part in many campaigns in Scotland. He also loved tourneying and gained a reputation as an "elegant" fop. In one of the campaigns in Scotland Humphrey evidently grew bored and departed for England to take part in a tournament along with Piers Gaveston and other young barons and knights. On return all of them fell under Edward I's wrath for desertion, but were forgiven. It is probable that Gaveston's friend, Edward (the future Edward II) had given them permission to depart. Later Humphrey became one of Gaveston's and Edward II's bitterest opponents.

He would also have been associating with young Robert Bruce during the early campaigns in Scotland, since Bruce, like many other Scots and Border men, moved back and forth from English allegiance to Scottish. Robert Bruce, King Robert I of Scotland, is closely connected to the Bohuns. Between the time that he swore his last fealty to Edward I in 1302 and his defection four years later, Bruce stayed for the most part in Annandale, rebuilding his castle of Lochmaben in stone, making use of its natural moat. Rebelling and taking the crown of Scotland in February, 1306, Bruce was forced to fight a war against England which went poorly for him at first, while Edward I still lived. After nearly all his family were killed or captured he had to flee to the isle of Rathlin, Ireland. His properties in England and Scotland were confiscated.

Humphrey de Bohun received many of Robert Bruce's forfeited properties. It is unknown whether Humphrey was a long-time friend or enemy of Robert Bruce, but they were nearly the same age and the lands of the two families in Essex and Middlesex lay very close to each other. After Bruce's self-exile, Humphrey took Lochmaben, and Edward I awarded him Annandale and the castle. During this period of chaos, when Bruce's queen, Elizabeth de Burgh, daughter of the Earl of Ulster, was captured by Edward I and taken prisoner, Hereford and his wife Elizabeth became her custodians. She was exchanged for Humphrey after Bannockburn in 1314. Lochmaben was from time to time retaken by the Scots but remained in the Bohun family for many years, in the hands of Humphrey's son William, Earl of Northampton, who held and defended it until his death in 1360.

At the Battle of Bannockburn (June 23-24, 1314), Humphrey de Bohun should have been given command of the army because that was his responsibility as Constable of England. However, since the execution of Piers Gaveston in 1312 Humphrey had been out of favour with Edward II, who gave the Constableship for the 1314 campaign to the youthful and inexperienced Earl of Gloucester, Gilbert de Clare. Nevertheless, on the first day, de Bohun insisted on being one of the first to lead the cavalry charge. In the melee and cavalry rout between the Bannock Burn and the Scots' camp he was not injured although his rash young nephew Henry de Bohun, who could have been no older than about 22, charged alone at Robert Bruce and was killed by Bruce's axe.

On the second day Gloucester was killed at the start of battle. Hereford fought throughout the day, leading a large company of Welsh and English knights and archers. The archers had success at breaking up the Scots schiltrons until they were overrun by the Scots cavalry. When the battle was lost Bohun retreated with the Earl of Angus and several other barons, knights and men to Bothwell Castle, seeking a safe haven. However, all the refugees who entered the castle were taken prisoner by its formerly English governor who, like many Border knights, declared for Scotland as soon as word came of Bruce's victory. Humphrey de Bohun was ransomed by Edward II, his brother-in-law, on the pleading of his wife Elizabeth. This was one of the most interesting ransoms in English history. The Earl was traded for Bruce's queen and daughter, two bishops, Isabel MacDuff, Countess of Buchan, who for years had been locked in a cage outside a castle, and other important Scots captives in England.

Like his father, grandfather, and great-great-grandfather, this Humphrey de Bohun was careful to insist that the king obey Magna Carta, Habeas Corpus, and the other baronially-established safeguards against monarchic tyranny. He was a leader of the reform movements that promulgated the Ordinances of 1311 and fought to insure their execution.

The subsequent revival of royal authority and the growing ascendancy of the Despensers (Hugh the elder and younger) led de Bohun and other barons to rebel against the king again in 1322. De Bohun had special reason for opposing the Despensers, for he had lost some of his estates in the Welsh Marches to their rapacity and he felt they had besmirched his honour. In 1316 De Bohun had been ordered to lead the suppression of the revolt of Llywelyn Bren in Glamorgan which he did successfully. When Llewelyn surrendered to him the Earl promised to intercede for him and fought to have him pardoned. Instead Hugh the younger Despenser had Llewelyn executed without a proper trial. Hereford and the other marcher lords used Llywelyn Bren's death as a symbol of Despenser tyranny.

Humphrey was killed at the battle of Boroughbridge rebelling against Edward II. The rebel forces were halted by loyalist troops at the wooden bridge at Boroughbridge, Yorkshire, where Humphrey de Bohun, leading an attempt to storm the bridge, met his death on March 16, 1322.

Although the details have been called into question by a few historians, his death may have been particularly gory. As recounted by Ian Mortimer.

"The 4th Earl of] Hereford led the fight on the bridge, but he and his men were caught in the arrow fire. Then one of de Harclay's pikemen, concealed beneath the bridge, thrust upwards between the planks and skewered the Earl of Hereford through the anus, twisting the head of the iron pike into his intestines. His dying screams turned the advance into a panic."(1)

Humphrey de Bohun may have contributed to the failure of the reformers' aims. There is evidence that he suffered for some years, especially after his countess's death in 1316, from clinical depression:

“De ce qe vous auez entendu qe le counte de Hereford est moreis pensifs qil ne soleit”

“There were some… qualities about the earl of Hereford and he was certainly a bold and able warrior, though gloomy and thoughtful”(2)

Issue-

· I. John- b. 24 Nov. 1306 St. Clements, m.1. 1325 Alice FitzAlan, 2. Margaret Basset (d. after 1347), d.s.p. 20 Jan.1335 Kirkby-Thore, Westmorland, bur. Stratford Abbey · II. Humphrey- b.c.1309, d.s.p. 15 Oct. 1361 Pleshey, bur. Church of Friars Augustine, London · III. Margaret- b. 3 Apr.1311, m. 11 Aug. 1325 Hugh de Courtenay, Earl of Devon (b. 12 July 1303, d. 2 May 1377, bur. Exeter Cathedral), d. 16 Dec. 1391, bur. Exeter Cathedral · 10IV. WILLIAM- b.c.1310, m.c.1338 ELIZABETH BADLESMERE (b.c.1313, d.c.1356), d. Sept. 1360 · V. Edward- m. Margaret de Ros, d.s.p. 1334 · VI. Eleanor- m.1. 1327 James Butler, Earl of Ormond (b.c.1305, d. Feb. 1338), 2. Thomas de Dagworth, Lord Dagworth (killed Aug. 1350 Aurai, Brittany), d. 7 Oct.1363 · VII. Eneas- d. after 1322, mentioned in his father’s will.

Ref:

(1) The Greatest Traitor: The Life of Sir Roger Mortimer, Ruler of England 1327-1330- Ian Mortimer, London, 2003- p. 124 (2) The Baronial Opposition to Edward II: Its Character and Policy- J.C. Conway-Davies, Cambridge University Press, 1918- p. 115, footnote 2 from Cotton MS. Nero C. iii, f. 181

Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants- Vol.II, p.204 New Complete Peerage- St. Catherine Press, London- Vol. III, pp.343ff; V, pp. 77-8; VI, pp.467-70; X, p. 118 Dictionary of National Biography- Leslie Stephen, Ed., Oxford University Press The Ancestry of Dorothea Poyntz- Ronny O Bodine, Thomas W. Spalding Jr., 1999- p. 85 Plantagenet Ancestry of 17^th Century Colonists- David Faris, NEHGS, 2^nd edition- p.33

English Baronies- I.J. Sanders, Oxford University Press, 2^nd edition, 1963- p. 92

10IV. WILLIAM (HUMPHREY 1, HUMPHREY 2, HUMPHREY 3, HUMPHREY 4, HENRY 5, HUMPHREY 6, HUMPHREY 7, HUMPHREY 8, HUMPHREY 9)

b.c.1310
m.c.1338 ELIZABETH BADLESMERE (b.c.1313, m.1. Edmund de Mortimer, d. 8 June 1356, bur. Walden Abbey, Essex, d. of Bartholomew Badlesmere, Lord Badlesmere) d. 6 Sept. 1360 bur. Walden Abbey, Essex

Sir William received many new properties in 1332 including Hinton and Spaine in Bersire, Hasley, Ascot, Dedington, Pyrton and Kirklington in Oxfordshire, Wincomb in Buckinghamshire, Longbenington in Lincolnshire, Kneesol in Nottinghamshire, Newnsham in Gloucestershire, Wix in Essex and Bosham in Sussex and was created the Earl of Northampton in 1337.

In 1339 William accompanied the King to Flanders and served also in Brittany and Scotland. He was the leading commander in the early part of the Hundred Years War and devised the tactics that won the English victories at the battles of Morlaix in 1342, Crecy in 1346 and the siege of Calais in 1347. He was also involved in negotiating two treaties with France in 1343 and in 1350. He also negotiated in Scotland for the freedom of David Bruce who was a prisoner of the English.

Issue-

· I. Humphrey- b. 25 Mar. 1342, m. Joan FitzAlan (d. 7 Apr. 1419, bur. Walden Abbey), d. 7 Apr. 1419, Walden Abbey · 11II. ELIZABETH- m.c. 28 Sept. 1359 Sir RICHARD FITZALAN, K.G. (b.c.1346, beheaded 21 Sept. 1397), d. 3 Apr. 1385

Ref:

New Complete Peerage- St. Catherine Press, London- Vol. I, pp.244-5; II, p. 373; V. p. 403; VI, pp. 446, 467-70; IX, pp. 285, 664-7; XI, pp. 373ff

Dictionary of National Biography- Leslie Stephen, Ed., Oxford University Press

The Ancestry of Dorothea Poyntz- Ronny O Bodine, Thomas W. Spalding Jr., 1999- p. 81

The Order of the Garter, Its Knights and Stall Plates- Grace Holmes, Windsor Castle, 1984- p. 35

Testamenta Vetusta- Nicholas Harris Nicolas, Ed., Nichols & Son, 1826- p. 60
Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants- Vol.II, p.204