STANDARD ATLAS OF SCOTT COUNTY IL
1903

Transcribed by: Bertha Emmett

The military history of Scott county does not record the least important nor the least creditable part of its career. To give it in full, and do justice to the subject, it will be necessary for us to begin long back of the organization of the county. Those who live in the present day, or at any rate the larger portion of them, know little or nothing about the early "militia system," which prevailed in this state till several years after Scott county was created. That system was introduced into Illinois in territorial days. Under it, from the earliest times, all persons of "military age," which meant all able-bodied, white males eighteen years old and not over forty-five years old, were enrolled in the militia, and required to do duty as militiamen. In times of peace, the duties consisted in attending company musters, battalion musters, regimental musters, and brigade musters; and in providing, each, himself with the necessary arms and accoutrements. In the earliest history of the state, the law required that every free white male inhabitant resident in the state, of the age of eighteen years and under forty-five, with certain exceptions, should be enrolled by the commanding officer of the company within the bounds of whose district such person should reside in ten days next after the commanding officer should be informed of such residence within his company district; and, thereafter, all who should arrive at the age of eighteen, and all who should come into the district to reside, being eighteen years old and not over forty-five, were to be, in like manner, enrolled. Each enrolled person was to be notified of his enrollment by an officer of the company, and within six months after being so notified he was required to provide himself with a good musket and bayonet, fusee or rifle, knapsack, blanket, canteen, two spare flints, cartridge-box to contain not less than twenty-four cartridges with powder and ball suited to the bore of his musket or fusee, or pouch and powder-horn with one-fourth of a pound of powder and twenty-four balls suited to the bore of his rifle; and every enrolled person was required, when called on, to appear so armed, accoutered and provided, except when called to exercise by company, battalion or regiment, when he might appear without knapsack or blanket. The entire militia of the state was apportioned into divisions, brigades, regiments, battalions and companies. Each division was commanded by a major-general, with his aids and a division inspector; each brigade had a brigadier general, major and aid-de-camp; each regiment had a colonel, lieutenant-colonel, major, surgeon, surgeon's mate, adjutant, quartermaster, sergeant, drum-major and fife-major; each odd battalion, not forming part of a regiment, had a major with his staff; each company a captain and a first and second lieutenant. The governor of the state, by virtue of his office, was commander in chief. The major-general was elected by the division; the brigadier-general by the brigade; the colonel, lieutenant-colonel and major by the regiment; the major of an odd battalion, by the battalion, and the commissioned officers of a company by the company, and other officers were appointed. Companies were required to muster four times a year, on the first Saturdays in April, June, August and October; each battalion of a regiment mustered once a year; regimental musters occurred in each September, and the commanding officers might require brigade and division musters. Every enrolled person was required to appear at these musters, at the proper time, armed and equipped as prescribed by law, and fines were provided for a failure to so appear. On muster-day the roll was called and delinquents noted, both for absence and for improper equipment. The fines provided were imposed by courts-martial. Fathers were liable for the fines imposed on their minor sons, guardians for the fines of their wards, and masters for the fines of their apprentices. Executions might issue upon the judgments of the courts-martial, directed to constables to be levied as in other cases. Civil officers, preachers of the gospel and a few others were exempt from duty under this law. This militia was liable to be called into actual service for three months at any time in case of actual or threatened danger of invasion of this or neighboring states or territories. While in actual service they were subject to the same rules and regulations as the soldiers of the United States army. It will be seen that the burdens imposed by this law were heavy and the duties exacting. While the dangers to the early settlers from Indian attacks continued it was not a difficult matter to keep up considerable interest in local militia affairs; but when the red men had been removed so far westward that all danger from them ceased in Illinois, and no war with a foreign foe was imminent-when profound peace reigned throughout the state and nation, and the stimulant of a common danger was absent-the onerous militia duties imposed by the law became uninteresting, dull and irksome, and ultimately the musters ceased and the law was wholly ignored long before it was repealed. We believe it was not repealed till July 1, 1874, when the omnibus repealing act of Hurd's Revised Statutes went into force. Under this law those of military age within the borders of Scott county, both before and after the county was created, were organized and for a number of years met regularly for muster. Perhaps there was a regiment organized in this county. We believe there was, and our belief is based on an indistinct recollection of talk we heard many years ago, and on the fact that there were at least two live militia Colonels in Winchester. We refer to Col. James C. Rucker, who lived, in an early day, in the old two-story wooden house yet standing next north of Joseph Hodgkinson's residence, and to Col. John Summers, who died in Winchester about twenty-five years ago. Each of these men commanded a regiment of militia in the days when the "muster" was in vogue. Under the law cavalry companies might also be formed, and at one time there was such a company in this county, of which Robert H. McDow, first sheriff of the county, was captain. The members of this company were armed with long heavy swords, in metal scabbards, and flint-lock horse-pistols. These pistols had barrels about a foot long, were smooth-bored, and were of such large caliber that a man could almost stick his thumb in the muzzle of one of them. For many years, and long after Captain McDow had emigrated to the then new state of Iowa, there were two boxes of these horse-pistols and swords in the garret of Scott Riggs' store house, which stood on the north side of Phillips' Ferry road just west of John J. Ebaugh's present door-yard. They were left there by Captain McDow, who was a son-in-law of Scott Riggs; and there they, or some of them remained until the latter part of 1862 or early part of 1863, when the ex-captain came from Iowa and took them away, claiming that they were his, or that he was responsible for and entitled to the possession of them. We have already said that the militia system fell into disuse. It did not disappear, however, without an effort on the part of the commanders to continue it, because it gave them some prominence, and afforded them an opportunity to gain military distinction in case their services were actually needed. No institution which becomes apparently useless, unpopular, and the object of general ridicule can survive, in a free country, although backed by the authority of a legislative act. And so it was with the militia. It became the object of general ridicule among the people, and its requirements were largely ignored all over the state. In a speech made by Abraham Lincoln he gave an account of the contempt which the people finally acquired for the musters, and some of the means employed to break up the whole system. A passage from that speech will show how the muster was, at last, broken up in Springfield. He said:

"A number of years ago the militia laws of this state required that the militia should train at stated intervals. These trainings became a great bore to the people, and every person nearly was for putting them down; but the law required them to train and they could not get it repealed. So they tried another way, and that was to burlesque them. And hence they elected old Tom Langwell, the greatest drunkard and blackguard, for colonel over the best men of the country. But this dont succeed altogether. So they raised a company and elected Gordon Abrams commander. He was dressed in peculiar style, one part of his pants were of one color and material, and the other different. He wore a pasteboard cap about 6 feet long, resembling an inverted ox-yoke. The shanks on his spurs were about 8 inches long, with rowels about the circumference of common saucers. He carried a sword made of pine wood, 9 feet long. They also had 'rules and regulations,' one of which was, 'That no officer should wear more than 20 lbs. Of codfish for epaulets, nor more than 30 yards of Bologna sausage for a sash; and on the banner was borne aloft these words; 'We'll fight till we run and run till we die.' This succeeded to a demonstration. They were the last company that trained in Springfield."

An instance, somewhat similar, occurred in Winchester. A large portion of the men of military age had grown into habitual disregard of the requirements of the law and did not attend the musters. Nevertheless, the officers, endeavored to keep them up, and when "muster-day" arrived they appeared, clad in regimentals, armed with swords and pistols, and mounted on "foaming chargers," fresh from the cornfield, to drill, in the evolutions of the army and the duties of war, such militiamen as assembled. So the officers appeared in Winchester on one "muster-day" and proceeded to muster that portion of the militia who, feeling it their duty to obey the law, had assembled to be drilled and trained in the "arts of war." Another portion of the militia, who had imbibed an utter contempt for the pomp and display which constituted about all there was left of militia proceedings, had prepared a surprise for their more law-abiding comrades, and when the muster was just well under way, a body of men, for many years thereafter known as "Hale's Fantastics," emerged from an unoccupied building and presented such a spectacle as had never been seen in Winchester before. They wee clothed in most grotesque costume-some partly in woman's and partly in man's apparel, others in clothing worn wrong side out, still others clad in blankets and with feathers in their hair after the fashion of Indians, armed with brooms, mops, rolling-pins and the like, with faces concealed or disguised so that they were not recognizable. This burlesque company, under command of O. B. Hale, a harnessmaker of Winchester, without any notice to the militia, or to any one else, suddenly emerged, as already stated, from an unoccupied building, exhibited some grotesque evolutions, made a charge upon the "mustering" ranks of the militia, and broke up the muster. This proceeding brought the whole thing into such ridicule that no attempt was thereafter made to enforce the requirements of the militia law in Scott county. Col. N. M. Knapp, in his Centennial Address, referred humorously and interestingly to this subject, and furnished some facts and observations worthy of preservation; and, although all his observations are not strictly pertinent to the particular portion of the subject we are now considering, we will not undertake to separate and sift out the pertinent from the impertinent, but will give our readers what he said in his own language. It is as follows:

"A free people never lose their liberties, till they become wealthy-till they feel that they are able to take care of themselves, independent of the government. They never lose their patriotic regard for Republican or Democratic principles of liberty and equality until they become corrupt, and possessed of an arbitrary spirit, disposed to deny to their fellow men the privileges and immunities they claim for themselves.

"The early settlers of Scott had a very even start in the race of life. Whether from the States of the Union or from foreign lands, they were signally blessed with honest poverty and true patriotism. Their patriotism showed itself in their general attendance at political gatherings, their high estimate of the right to vote, and their ready response to military requisitions. Many can remember how, under the old militia law, we used to
'Tread the briers and bushes down,
Following Col. Summers 'round.'
But, that after awhile became too much like child's play, with no enemy in sight, and the system soon fell into disuse. The people were disposed to burlesque it, and though armies may stand shot, shell, and cold steel, they can'[t stand ridicule. The infantry arm, Col. Rucker, commanding, was put to rout by Capt. O. B. Hale's Fantastics, and never returned to the field.

"The cavalry, under command of McDow, in the terrible days of Mormon War, received orders from Gov. Ford to hold themselves in readiness to march at a moment's warning. They accordingly rendezvoused at Winchester, divided into messes, made arrangements for the campaign, and each, with sanguinary ardor, returned to his home, to rally in hot haste, whenever a signal of three guns should notify them that the order had come to rush to the bloody field at Nauvoo. Days passed and nor order; finally the news came that the war was ended. It was received just at dark, and well disposed citizens retired to their homes to sleep in peace. Not so with Young America. They thought the cavalry company, who were dispersed all over the county, ought to know the news. So at midnight, the rain pouring in torrents, they got out the old cannon, and fired the agreed signal of three guns, whereupon they housed their artillery and dispersed to their virtuous couches. All was rain, and mud, and darkness. Soon, however, the patter of horses feet, and the rattling of sabers could be heard upon all roads converging to the county seat. The square was soon full of water-soaked cavaliers with dripping plumes, plunging around in the darkness, eager to flesh their maiden swords in the bodies of the perpetrators of the hoax. The way 'our army swore in Flanders,' was mild compared with the oaths they uttered. Finally, finding no other enemy, they charged upon and vanquished a saloon, and returned to their homes, flushed with rage and whisky, to beat their swords into plowshares, determined not to learn war any more."

Before the creation of Scott county, in the year 1831 and 1832, the settlers in the northwest portion of the state had troubles with the Sac and Fox Indians, resulting in what is known as the Black Hawk war, in which a number of men living within the territory now composing Scott, but then a part of Morgan county, took an active part. The hostile Indians were under the leadership of a chief with an unpronounceable name, spelled Makabaimeshekiakiak. This name, when translated into English, meant, "the Black Sparrow Hawk," and was commonly shortened into Black Hawk, and from this abbreviated translation of the leading hostile chief's name the war got its historic appellation. The difficulties between the Indians and the white settlers grew out of the disputed right to possession of lands. The first actual outbreak of this war occurred in the spring of 1831. The whites appealed to governor John Reynolds for protection, and on May 26, 1831, he issued a call for seven hundred militia, directing them to rendezvous at Beardstown by June 10-only 15 days after the call. Notwithstanding the time was short and there was no railway transportation, when the tenth of June arrived, instead of seven hundred, there were sixteen hundred men assembled at Beardstown, armed and equipped for war. They were all accepted for service by the governor, and were organized into two regiments. One of these regiments was commanded by Col. Daniel Leib, who entered land on North Prairie in 1823 and lived there for several years-until after the Black Hawk war. William Gillham, who lived on the same prairie, and Alexander Wells who lived on the old Wells farm between Winchester and Point Pleasant school house, were captains of companies in Col. Leib's regiment. These men marched to the scene of the disturbance, but before they arrived Black Hawk had discreetly withdrawn to the west side of the Mississippi, and almost immediately entered into a treaty of peace with the whites, under which he bound himself and his people to remain west of the river. This sudden and bloodless termination of the first uprising rendered the militia forces unnecessary and they were not mustered into the United States service. In consequence of this there are no known records of the company rolls of those who enlisted in this immediate region, at that time. We will probably never know who composed the companies commanded by William Gillham and Alexander Wells. If we had the names of all the officers and men we would be glad to preserve them in this history.

Early the next spring-the spring of 1832-Black Hawk in disregard of the treaty he had signed the previous year, again crossed into Illinois, with a large band of warriors, their squaws, pappooses and effects. Although he did not immediately commit any overt act of war, his presence was so threatening and irritating to the whites, that a call for volunteers was issued by Governor Reynolds April 16, 1832. The call was for "a strong detachment of militia" to rendezvous at Beardstown on April 16-only six days after the call issued. Enough men assembled there to make four regiments, an odd battalion, a spy battalion, and a foot battalion. James Gillham, father of the late Capt. E. L. Gillham and of the late Judge William A. Gillham, was Lieutenant Colonel of one of the regiments, and Alexander Beall, who entered land near Point Pleasant in 1823, and died near Exeter December 25, 1864, was a Major in this expedition. As already repeatedly stated, we were then a part of Morgan county. Of the companies raised in that county for this second expedition against Black Hawk, four were made up wholly, or in part, of men residing in the territory now composing Scott county. These four companies were commanded respectively by Captain William Gillham, Captain William Gordon, Captain William B. Smith and Captain Nathan Winters. Captain Gillham, as above stated, lived on North Prairie, and there he died, about the year 1850. Captain Gordon lived a mile or more south of Lynnville, and never did live within the territory composing Scott county, but a number of his men were well-known Scott county citizens. For instance, his second and third sergeants were William York and Sylvester Moss; his second corporal was Lloyd Aday, and among his privates we notice the name of Thomas G. Black, who was afterwards Sheriff of this county. Captain William Smith was a Jacksonville man, or lived near Jacksonville, and so far as we know his company was composed generally of men who lived near that place, but his first lieutenant, Starkey R. Powell was so long and so prominently identified with Scott county and its affairs, that we have classed his company with the others whose rolls we propose to preserve in this history. Captain Nathan Winters lived in Scott county, near the Morgan county line, on the road from Winchester to Lynnville. John Gibbs long lived upon the same forty of land, and Abe McCullough now lives on it. The rolls of these four companies, as copied from the records of the War office at Washington City, are as follow:

CAPTAIN WILLIAM GILLHAM'S COMPANY of Mounted Volunteers, called and mustered into the service of the United States, by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the militia of the State of Illinois, attached to the 1st regiment of the third brigade, under the command of Brigadier-General James D. Henry, from April 30, 1832. Mustered out at Fort Wilbourn August 1, 1832:

These companies all went to the region of the disturbance, and whether they did, or did not, any actual fighting, it is certain they were ready and willing to fight if necessary. So far as we know not one soldier of this war is now living in Scott county. We feel sure not one. The last of those living in Scott county was Presley Funk, and he died in Exeter in 1901. One private of Captain William Gillham's company, Henry L. Riggs, is living in Lynnville, Morgan county, when this is written, at the age of ninety-two years.

After the close of the Black Hawk war the country had peace until the war with Mexico came on in the spring of 1846. On May 11 of that year Congress passed an act declaring that a state of war existed between that government and the United States. Ten millions of dollars were appropriated to carry on the war, and the president was authorized to accept fifty thousand volunteers. Illinois furnished more than were asked of it, and many were refused the opportunity who desired to enter the service. Scott county furnished one company. As originally organized it was composed as follows: Sam Montgomery, Capt.; Bryan R. Houghton, 1st Lieut.; Benjamin Harris, 2d Lieut.; Hezekiah Evans, Sr., 3d Lieut., Thomas H. Flynn, Orderly, and about eighty privates. They went to the seat of war under Col. John J. Hardin, and served one year. They were in many skirmishes, and their service culminated in the hard fought battle of Buena Vista in 1847, in which battle the company lost six killed and seven wounded; among the killed was Lieut. Bryan R. Houghton; and Lieut. Harris having been previously discharged, Lieut. Evans became 1st Lieutenant, and Flynn, who had become third by the discharge of Lieut. Harris, became 2d Lieutenant, and Thomas R. Roberts 3d; thus organized, the company returned to their homes in the summer of 1847, with certificates of honorable discharge, reduced, however, by the casualties of the service to about one-half their original number.

The roll of this company, as recorded in the War Office is not correct. It does not give the name of Lieut. Bryan R. Houghton, nor the name of private, James Evans, who was commonly called "Black Jim Evans," on account of his dark complexion. There were four of the Evans family in this company, to-wit: First Lieut., Hezekiah Evans, and privates James J. Evans, Jackson Evans and James Evans ("Black Jim"). The only member of the company now living in Scott county is Luther Christison, who resides about two miles south of Winchester. The company was lettered "H" and belonged to the first regiment, commanded by Col. John J. Hardin till he was killed at Buena Vista on February 23, 1847, and then by Lieut. Col. William Weatherford. The remains of Lieutenant Houghton were brought home and buried by the survivors of his company, with the honors of war, in the old cemetery, on the ridge, in the southern portion of Winchester, and it is no credit to Scott county that his last earthly resting place is still unmarked. That the officers and men of this regiment rendered gallant service is well attested by all historical accounts of their conduct. The incorrect roll of the Scott county company-company H-as copied from the records of the war office is as follows:

From the close of the war with Mexico, peace reigned throughout the land, till the greatest civil war in the history of the world came on-the war of the Rebellion-in the spring of 1861. For this war eleven companies were organized in Scott county and all of them rendered actual service, Company K of the 14th Regiment of Illinois Volunteers was the first company organized in the county for that war. William Camm was teaching a spring school in Exeter when Lincoln's first call for troops was made. The call was for seventy-five thousand. On the morning the news of the call reached Exeter, Camm dismissed his school, walked across fields to Winchester, and when that day ended he had a company raised which became Company K above mentioned. At the request of our historian Col. Camm-for he became Lieut. Col. On the 14th-has written a brief history of that company which we will give in his own words. It is as follows:

The first volunteers enlisted in Scott county, for the civil war of 1861, went in Company K, 14th Ill., Infantry, under Capt. Wm. Camm, Lieuts. Henry Case and Wm. N. Shibley. The company was formed the day the call was made by President Lincoln for 75,000 men, but failing to get into U. S. service on that call, it was, by the aid of liberal and patriotic citizens of Winchester, held together, and drilled at the fair-ground, till the 11th of May, 1861, when it was ordered to the fair-ground at Jacksonville and mustered into state service for thirty days, to be held in readiness for another call from Washington. Here the company received the letter K and was included in the Sixth Congressional District regiment, Col. John M. Palmer commanding. The regiment was armed with U. S. muskets, caliber 69, altered to percussion from flintlock, and was drilled in Scott's heavy infantry tactics till the 25th of May, when Co. K and most of the other companies were sworn into the service of the United States for three years. Some of the summer soldiers had gotten enough of war with a few days drilling and camp life, so that when the transfer was made from state to U. S. service, some companies had not the minimum number of men and had to be given time to recruit. Co. A, from Cass county, was the only company that went in with the maximum number except K, which had too many men; as 113 rank and file had been allowed in state service and only 101 were allowed in U. S. service. K had, at last to be reduced by having a company officer stand by the surgeon and pull the doctor's coat tail as certain men passed him upon final examination.

"In June the regiment went from 'Camp Duncan,' or the fair-ground at Jacksonville, to Quincy, Ill., and on the 4th day of July K passed up the river at night, and landed in the then slave state of Missouri, at Canton. From thence it moved to Monroe Station when the confederates, under General Greene attacked the 16th Illinois Infantry at that place on the Hannibal & St. Joe Railroad. Thence it went to Renick, rejoining the regiment at Sturgeon. On November 4, at Springfield, Mo., after a forced march of thirty-six hours, the captain made the following entry in his private journal. '* * I have just counted the muskets my company stacked, --81-and I am proud of the men from Scott county for I hear that whole regiments stacked fewer pieces.' The march had been so severe that men were reported to have laid down and died by the roadside. On the previous evening the troops had stopped for the night, but the fires were hardly burning before the order was given to fall in and go forward. The brigade commander afterwards said he could never have gotten his tired and hungry men started had not company K formed promptly and with cheers, songs and jokes shamed the other troops until they took to the road. After coming north again to the Missouri Pacific Railroad, the company went into winter quarters in tents, with its regiment at Otterville, Mo., till February 7, 1862, when it marched to Jefferson City, and thence went by rail and river to Fort Donaldson, marched to Fort Henry and went by river to Pittsburg Landing. It was thrown into the battle there on the 6th of April to meet and throw back the rebel line and it never left the field till late in the afternoon of the 7th, Grant having, in person, ordered the 14th and 15th Illinois-the latter regiment under company K's first captain,--to make the final charge; and both regiments pushed the enemy till ordered back. K did its full share of duty during the long siege of Corinth, Miss., and after another year of marching, scouting and skirmishing, and doing bravely at the battle of Hatchie River, it was sent by boat from Memphis to Vicksburg; where, under Lieut. John H. Kirkman, it did duty on the firing line, almost continuously till that place was taken. It took part in the campaign against Jackson, Miss. Thence it passed to Natchez and assisted in the capture of the forts on the Quachita. Passing north to Cairo in the following spring it went by boat to Cliffton, Tenn., whence it marched to Chattanooga, where their terms of service having expired, the 'twin regiments' 14th and 15th, were sent to Springfield, Ill., and mustered out June 24, 1864. During the three years of its service, company K lost in killed, five; mortally wounded, two; died of sickness, fifteen;--three of these died in Andersonville prison. Four were promoted out of the company."

Captain Camm became Lieutenant Colonel of the regiment November 25, 1861, and on the same day Henry Case became Captain of company K; William N. Shibley became First Lieutenant and William Mason Second Lieutenant. Captain Case was promoted to be Major of the seventh cavalry March 2, 1862, and William W. Strong became Captain of the company. First Lieut. Shibley resigned November 4, 1863, and John R. Kirkman took his place as First Lieutenant. Those killed in battle were Fletcher Ebey, John F. Harris, John McCormick, Thomas Teal and Lewis B. Hankins, all killed at Shiloh, April 6, 1862. After the surviving, original members of this company had been mustered out of the service June 24, 1864, the recruits in the company and the remaining members of some other companies were formed into company F of the veteran battalion of the reorganized fourteenth regiment. There were fifty-eight Scott county men in this reorganized company, one of whom, Allen H. Crisp, of Exeter, was killed in action at Moon Station, Georgia, October 3, 1864. Of original men of company K, and Scott county men in reorganized F, the following are known to have died in Andersonville prison: John Beard, of Exeter, October 30, 1864, grave No. 11,652. William A. Farrington, of Winchester, October 8, 1864, grave No., 12,509. George Langley, of Winchester, December 12, 1864, grave No. 12,270. Horace Brown, of Exeter, January 14, 1865, grave No. 12,450. Robert D. Ray, of Glasgow, 1864, date and No. of grave not known. Died of wounds, Jethro H. Deweese, of Glasgow, April 25, 1862. James Scott, of Winchester, December 2, 1864. The four persons promoted out of the company were Camm to be Lieut. Colonel; Case to be Major of the 7th cavalry; James H. Stewart to be Quartermaster of the regiment and John S. Knapp to be a Lieutenant in the regular army.

Because of the fact that the original members of company K were the first men enlisted in this county for service in the war of the Rebellion we have devoted considerable time and space to it-more than we can give to each of the other ten companies that must be noticed. We would be glad to give the muster rolls of all the companies formed in the county, together with the company history of each man, but to do so would unduly lengthen this history, and we must forbear.

The next company organized in Scott county for service in the war of the Rebellion was company B of the 27th regiment of Illinois Infantry. It was organized at Exeter. The original officers were Henry W. Hitt, of Exeter, Captain; George A. Dunlap, of Jacksonville, First Lieutenant; James M. Buchanan, of Exeter, Second Lieutenant. By resignations and promotions commissioned officers were changed and became as follows: Robert P. Lytle, of New Boston, Captain; Henry H. White, of Meredosia, First Lieutenant, and Richard A. Carveth, of Exeter, Second Lieutenant. This company was mustered into the service August 16, 1861, for three years and was mustered out September 20, 1864. Of all the Scott county men in this company, two were killed in battle-William Hiatt, of Exeter, at Kenesaw Mountain, June 27, 1864, and Albert Mills, of Exeter, at Chickamauga, September 19, 1863. Thomas Smith, of Exeter, died of wounds June 24, 1864. Several other men of the company were killed in action, but they were all recruits and not from Scott county.

The company next to be noticed is C, of the 28th regiment which was organized at Winchester, and was mustered into service August 16, 1861,--the same day company B of the 27th was mustered in. The commissioned officers were John H. Browne of Winchester, Captain; George W. P. Ebey, First Lieutenant and Francis M. Springer, Second Lieutenant. Various changes occurred in the commissioned officers, and finally, on December 8, 1863, William J. Garland became Captain. At some time during the service of the company Ira Merchant, William J. Garland and James M. Gale each held the office of Second Lieutenant. James M. Gale became Captain of consolidated company E. Thomas J. Metzler, who was a corporal in original company C, re-enlisted as a veteran and became Second Lieutenant of consolidated company A, and was promoted to be First Lieutenant and Captain. William P. Dyer, Timothy Daley and John Sherman were killed in the battle of Shiloh, April 6, 1862. Lieutenant Charles C. Belford and James H. Lyman were killed in the battle of Hatchie, October 5, 1862. The adjutant general's reports do not show that any other member of this company was killed in action. James A. Warren lost a leg at Hatchie, October 5, 1862, and William B. Conner lost a leg at Metamora.

Company F of the thirty-third regiment was organized at Winchester and mustered into service September 6, 1861. Commissioned officers were Dermont C. Roberts, of Winchester, Captain; Henry D. Winship of Princeton, First Lieutenant, and David A. Chumley of Winchester, Second Lieutenant. Other Scott county men who held commissioned offices in the company at some time during its history were Elijah H. Gray, Second and First Lieutenant, Captain and Major. Job Claywell Second and First Lieutenant. Although this company saw considerable hard service, Howard Miner was the only man killed in action. He was killed September 14, 1862.

It is impossible to tell from the Adjutant General's reports when company F, 61st Illinois, was mustered into the service. It originated in Winchester. The history of the regiment, found at page 235 of volume four of said reports, says three companies of this regiment were mustered in February 5, 1862, but it does not state which companies, nor where they were mustered. Robert E. Haggard, of Winchester, who was before then universally called "Major Haggard," because he had once been a "militia major," was mustered in as First Lieutenant, February 5, 1862, and forty-nine men of the company were mustered the same day, but no officer aside from Haggard. Haggard became Captain March 24, 1862, and resigned April 2, 1863, when William L. Stuart of Winchester, became Captain. Jonathan Burns of Winchester, became Second Lieutenant July 31, 1865, and First Lieutenant August 25, 1865. William M. Gray of Manchester was promoted to be Second Lieutenant August 21, 1865. These are the only Scott county men who held commissioned offices in the company. Only one man of the company was killed in action, and he was not a Scott county man. This company was mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., September 8, 1865.

These four last named companies saw much service and were in several battles. They also "marched with Sherman to the sea." If our space would permit we would be glad to give their history in greater detail.

This company, the last one enlisted in the county for the war of the Rebellion, was raised in and around Winchester, and was mustered in for one hundred days' service, at Quincy, Illinois, June 5, 1864 and was mustered out at Springfield, Illinois, September 24, 1864. The commissioned officers were Richard B. Higgins, Captain; James Onstott, First Lieutenant, and James H. Anderson, Second Lieutenant, all of Winchester. This company was composed of eighty-nine men, of whom eighty-one were from Scott county. One member of the company-John Heeritt, a Quincy man-was killed near Memphis, Tenn., August 21, 1864. Although this company was in the service but little over a hundred days it saw some actual war and rendered valuable aid in closing out the greatest civil war in the history of the world.

In preparing the forgoing brief account of the eleven companies organized in Scott county for service in that war we have been compelled to rely mainly on the Adjutant General's reports. If those reports are inaccurate, then there may be some inaccuracies in this history, but we have sought to make it correct. We have repeatedly gone over the roster of each of the eleven companies, man by man, for the purpose of ascertaining, with accuracy, who, of Scott county's patriots, wee killed in battle. If any one has been omitted the omission is due to imperfect information and not to any intention to be unjust or invidious.

In order that the people of this county, of the present and future, may know who the Scott county men are that have been killed in battle since the organization of the county, and who died of wounds received in battle, and for the purpose of doing what little we can to perpetuate their names and patriotic deeds, we here give a list of their names, so farm as we have them, which is as follows:

Five others were killed at Buena Vista, but the published records do not give, and we have been unable to obtain their names.

Those who died of wounds received in battle were:

In giving the names in the foregoing history, no doubt, some are misspelled. In the Black Hawk and Mexican rolls many names appear which are wholly unfamiliar to us and, therefore, we can not, from our own knowledge, correct all errors. In the published roll the last name of Presley Funk appeared as "Fink." We have corrected this. In the rolls of the Civil war doubtless similar errors occur.

But the assistance of the G.A.R. Post at Winchester we have gathered, as near as could be obtained, a list of the soldiers of the civil war now residing in Scott county and give the names as follows:

The list is constantly growing less and less, and in the natural course of things the veterans of that war will soon all have answered the last great roll-call.

Ever since settlements were begun here the people of this region have, on all occasions, manifested their readiness for necessary military service.

"But it was in the war to suppress the rebellion, that Scott county showed, that whatever demand the country makes upon her, she will meet it to the limit of possibility. With a voting population of 2,200 over 1,400 volunteered in the different arms of the service. The Adjutant General's report credits the county with 1,212 voluntary enlistments under different calls, based upon her ascertained quotas. And more than two hundred, who failed to get in under the earlier calls went to other counties and other states, and wee credited to them, in their eagerness to have part in the war. These volunteers were not confined to any political party. When the call to arms was heard, in many patriotism rose above party, and democrats and republicans hastened, side by side, under one flag, to the scenes of the conflict. They marched to the music of the Union, buried their differences upon the field of battle, and returned,--if they returned at all-under one banner, whereon was inscribed Liberty, Equality and Union. No people ever evinced their devotion to their government more unmistakably."

After the close of the war of the Rebellion there was no demand for citizen-soldiers until our war with Spain came on April 21, 1898. There was no opportunity for a company from Scott county to get into this war, but many of our young men were anxious to have a part in it, and not being able to otherwise enter the service, some went to St. Louis and enlisted and others enlisted at other points. We furnish here a list of the names of "our boys" who served in this war: