Tarkio Township, History
Friends of Page Co. (FOPC©) Family Profile©
Iowa State Flag States Map! - Iowa Friends of Page Co., IA. (FOPC)© Page Co., 1902 Township Map! - Click on Thumbnail for Larger Map! States Map! - Iowa Iowa State Flag
Some Early History ~ Tarkio Township

Click on thumbnail for larger view! <---This is the 1875 Tarkio Twp. Plat) Tarkio is the second from the west, as well as second from the north line of the county. It is now described as congressional township No. 69, range 38, but formerly took in nearly the west half of the county. Every- thing considered, in the light of agriculture, horticulture and stock-raising, this is looked upon as one of the finest portions of Pag-e county. Its domain, fertile and rolling and watered by the East, Middle and West Tarkio rivers. Along the two former named there is considerable native timber. As one passes through this goodly land and views its fine farms, with large, well painted farm houses and outbuildings, he is at once struck with the thrift and success attained by the early settlers who, with but a few exceptions, come to the country poor men. [REF:#1]

1. EARLY SETTLEMENT. [REF:#1]
As early as the autumn of 1852 Isaac Miller settled on a claim on which Tarkio City was afterward platted.
B. Harrill came at about the same time and settled on section 25. He died a few years ago in Missouri.
Prior to these was a man named William Jefferson Phillips, [b. 1813, NC.] who came to Tarkio in 1850, settling on section 22. He soon sold and went to Kansas, where he died.
Samuel Peters settled in 1850-51 on section 35 but remained only a short time. [Not in 1850 Census. ..prs]
P. A. Griffy came from Platte county, Missouri, April 7, 1852, and settled on the northeast quarter of section 26. [
In 1852 came Isaac Miller & William Miller also came and settled on section 20, on West Tarkio river, Elijah Miller, who also came, after ward became county surveyor and school superintendent. He also platted Tarkio City.
The following came to the township prior to the Civil war�1861:
    Dan Cheshire,
    William Floyd,
    P. A. Griffy,
    B. Harrill
    David Loy,
    Isaac Loy
    C. C. McDonald,
    the McDonald family,
    H. N. McElfish,
    E. Miller,
    George Miller,
    Isaac Miller,
    William Miller,
    Samuel Peters,
    W. Jefferson Phillips,
    Stephen Reasoner,
    David Smith,
    N. Snodderly,
    Henry Snodderly,
    John Stewart,
    Thomas Weaver

2. Patrons of Page Co., Andreas Plat Book - 1875 [REF:#2]
LName FName
P.O.
Sec.
Acres
Occupation
Came
to IA.
From
Sta.
 BAKER ,  Samuel H.
TARKIO
29
80.00
 FARMER & STOCK RAISER
1858
  ANDERSON CO.
TN
 CHESHIRE ,  Daniel
TARKIO
34
264.00
 FARMER & STOCK RAISER
1856
  CLARK CO.
OH
 GARNETT ,  T.J.
TARKIO
14
220.00
 FARMER & STOCK RAISER
1858
  ROSS CO.
OH
 HARRELL ,  B.
TARKIO
35
440.00
 FARMER & STOCK RAISER
1862
  RUTHERFORD CO.
PA
 IRVIN ,  James
TARKIO
32
80.00
 FARMER & STOCK RAISER
1852
  ANDERSON CO.
TN
 LUNDON ,  D.S.
TARKIO
33
162.00
 FARMER & STOCK RAISER
1867
  JUNIATA CO.
PA
 LUNDON ,  J.M.
TARKIO
33
194.00
 FARMER & STOCK RAISER
1869
  JUNIATA CO.
PA
 MARKEL ,  Solomon
TARKIO
25
160.00
 FARMER & STOCK RAISER
1868
  YORK CO.
PA.
 RICH ,  George
TARKIO
27
165.00
 FARMER & STOCK RAISER
1865
  RANDOLPH CO.
NC
 RICH ,  George Mrs.
TARKIO
28
80.00
 FARMER & STOCK RAISER
1865
  RANDOLPH CO.
NC
 SIMPSON ,  William
TARKIO
26
195.00
 FARMER & STOCK RAISER
1869
  INDIANA CO.
PA
 WHITE ,  Harvy
TARKIO
27
235.00
 FARMER & STOCK RAISER
1867
  HENRY CO.
IN

3.a TOWNS AND VILLAGES
VILLAGE of TARKIO CITY (DEFUNCT)
According to the county plat books a village was platted by Robert Miller on sections 34 and 35, August 26, 1859. The name appears on the first plat as Tarkio City. It was located eight miles west and one mile south of Clarinda. In July, 1860, it contained five buildings, one schoolhouse, one church and three dwellings. The plat was laid out with two squares, one for business purposes and the other for a church square.

Notwithstanding the fine farm section environing this place, it did not bloom into anywhere near the airy hopes of its projectors and when the real object for which it was started had failed, the location of the county seat, it fell into a dream-less sleep and is now only known in the record book and in the memory of a few pioneers. It has gone back to the native elements, or, as has been said by another, It has quit!"

3.b VILLAGE of TARKIO P.O. (DEFUNCT)
Created 1854, abanded in 1882 was in Section 27, (SW 1/4, SE 1/4)



3.c VILLAGE OF NORWICH.
Norwich was platted in November, 1852, on Section 29. It is a station on the Humeston & Shenandoah Railway. The first to embark in trade at this point was J. H. Neeley in the fall of 1882. He had been similarly en-gaged at Tarkio Village and at once moved his frame store building to the plat and added thereto. The same still serves him as both store and residence.
In the spring of 1888 came C. P. Hale, who opened a small stock of groceries, which business he still follows.

The postoffice was established at Norwich in 1882, removed from Tarkio Village and renamed. J. L. Maxwell held the office at Tarkio Village and also at first at Norwich.
In 1885 J. H. Neeley succeeded him under President Cleveland's administration but when that ended so did Postmaster Neeley's duties as postmaster. In 1889 C. P. Hale was commissioned postmaster.
The business interest of the place in 1890 are the General Store of Mr. Neeley, C.P. Hall's Grocery Store, the Postoffice, a small grain business of Gwynn Brothers and W.S. Lillie's Blacksmith Shop.

  WITHFRAWL OF RAILS WAS NORWICH DOOM [PFP-V-4,Pg14]
 Norwich was formerly a thriving village of two stores, two churches 25 houses and a prosperous grain elevator.
When the railroad was taken out a short time ago, it meant the decline of the elevator. At present [Jun 1980] there are approximately 12 occupied houses, one church, a combination oil station and grocery store and a garage.

INDEX OF TOWNS AND TOWNSHIPS - Norwich, IA. - 1896
Source: "Third Annual Directory of Page and Fremont Counties , Iowa. - December 1, 1896
 LName,  FName  Occupation  # Family
 ANDERSON,  Hugh,  Laborer  7
 BLAIR  J.B.  Laborer  10
 BAILEY  Warden  Laborer  2
 GWYNN  T.J.  Grain Dealer  3
 HALEY  D.J.  Blacksmith  3
 LEGRAND  Mrs.  Seamsteess  7
 MATHESS  Marion  Section Hand  6
 NEELEY  J.H.  Merchantr  9
 PONTIOUS  J.H.  Section Hand  5
 STONEBAKER  Joe  Section Hand  3
 SANDERS  A.E.  Laborer  5
 TEMPEST  Wm.  Laborer  1
 WALFRIP  Beatrice  Station Agent  1

4. FIRST EVENTS.
The first death now recalled by old settlers was that of Matt. Branham in 1853-54.
The first birth was William Griffy, born in December, 1852
The first marriage was that of Elijah Miller to Miss Aletha Loy in 1852
The first school was the one held at Tarkio village. It was taught by D(avid) Miller in a log house built in 1856.
The first religious services were held at the log schoolhouse at Tarkio village by Rev. Samuel Farlow, the pioneer Methodist minister.
The first frame house erected in the township was that built in 1859 by Peter A. GRIFFY It was of hard native lumber, sawed at a mill on the Tarkio River.
The first postoffice-was at Tarkio, kept by Isaac Miller. Mail came over the route from Hawleyville to Sidney. "Jim" Hawley was among the favorite and young mail carriers.

5. SCHOOLS.
  As before mentioned, the first school was held at Tarkio in a log cabin with D. Miller as instructor. As the township settled and developed great attention was paid to school matters and there is now a high standard of public schools in nine districts.
Name of School Dist.# Sec. Includes
Sec.
Part of Land See Map
Sch Dist 1 01 2 1,2,11,12 SE 1/4,SE 1/4 C.J. PETERSON 1902-01.JPG
Sch Dist 2 02 3 3,4,9,10 SW 1/4,SE 1/4 A. PETERSON 1902-02.JPG
Sch Dist 3 03 8 5,6,7,8 NW 1/4,NW 1/4 C.O. PETERSON 1902-03.JPG
Sch Dist 4 04 17 17,18,19,20 SW 1/4,SW 1/4 O.H. BREWER 1902-04.JPG
CENTER 05 15 15,16,21,22 SW 1/4,SW 1/4 JOHN B. KING 1902-05.JPG
Sch Dist 6 06 14 13,14,23,24 SE 1/4,SE 1/4 A. APPLE 1902-06.JPG
Sch Dist 7 07 36 25,26,35,36 NW 1/4,NW 1/4 J.E. MEIER 1902-07.JPG
TARKIO 08 27 27,28,33,34 TARKIO VILLAGE N/A 1902-08.JPG
Sch Dist 8 08 33 27,28,33,34 NE 1/4,NE 1/4 JAMES A. KING 1902-08.JPG
NORWICH 09 30 29,30,31,32 SE 1/4,SE 1/4 W. MILLER 1902-09.JPG

6. RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES.
The Churches are the Methodist and Presbyterian, both having good buildings. The Presbyterian society was organized in 1882 with fourteen members by Rev. William McKee. The church edifice was built at a cost of twenty- one hundred dollars. Reed & Taylor, contractors at Shenandoah, built it. It is thirty-two by forty-four feet and seats two hundred and twenty-five people.
The Methodist Episcopal church was formed at Tarkio village away back in the 1850's A church was built by the society in 1888, at a cost of fifteen hundred dollars. It stands in a commanding place at Norwich.
A good Sunday School is sustained. Mrs. Isaac LOY is the present Supertntendent. George H. Ferris is the class leader. Early meetings were held at the old log School House.

TARKIO RIVER
The smallest and most westerly of the five southern Iowa rivers is the Tarkio River. The East, Middle, and West forks of this stream rise in Central Montgomery County. Flowing southward through Page County they make a common junction at Tarkio in Atchison County, Missouri. The various branches which drain the Turkio Valley pursue a southerly course between the Nishnabotna and the Nodaway Valleys. About five miles above the Kansas-Nebraska line the main stream empties into the Missouri River. Parts of Montgomery and Page counties in Iowa, and Atchison and Holt counties in Missouri are drained by the numerous rivulets that belong to the Tarkio system. Only 290 square miles of its total basin of 721 square miles lie within Iowa.
When Lewis and dark went up the Missouri in 1804 they noticed a small stream which the Indians called Tarkio, meaning walnut or "a stream where walnuts grow". I went on shore above this Creek, Clark wrote, "and walked up parallel with the river at about half a mile distant, the bottom I found low and subject to overflow, still further out, the under groth and vines wer so thick that I could not get thro with ease", (this is the way his spelling was) Captain Lewis reported that "Tarkio Creek" was about 23 yards wide at the mouth and "navigable for perogues a short distance". The, Tarkio, he was told, "heads with the Nadiway and passes through a tolerable country of plains and woodland". Both Floyd and Ordway mentioned the "Tarcio" in their journals. Brackenridge noted the stream in 1811. Clark's map of 1810 and Arrowsmith's map of 1814 also show the Tarkio. Elliott Coues characterized the river as a "sloughy stream, whose waters have leaked into the Missouri in places at least 20 miles apart."
From - Iowa: The Rivers of Her Valleys, by Wm. J. Petersen, c1941.
[Source: PFP-V-2, Pg 17]

7. Patrons of Page Co., Northwest Plat Book - 1902 [REF:#7]
LName FName
Township
Sec.
Occupation
P.O.
ALMQUIST , John
Tarkio
9
FARMER
CLARINDA
ALMQUIST , John
Tarkio
10
FARMER
ESSEX
AMQUIST , Frank
Tarkio
5
FARMER
SHENANDOAH
ANDERSON , Chas. & Maria
Tarkio
1
FARMER
CLARINDA
ANDERSON , John
Tarkio
7
FARMER
SHENANDOAH
ANDERSON , Sophia
Tarkio
1
FARMER
CLARINDA
APPLE , Charles
Tarkio
14
FARMER & STOCK RAISER
YORKTOWN
BECK , C.J.
Tarkio
11
FARMER & STOCK RAISER
YORKTOWN
BEEZLEY , David
Tarkio
13
FARMER & STOCK RAISER
YORKTOWN
BEEZNER , Estate
Tarkio
9
FARMER
CLARINDA
BEZNER , L.H.
Tarkio
15
FARMER & STOCK RAISER
CLARINDA
BOHRER , Henry M.
Tarkio
33
FARMER & STOCK RAISER
NORWICH
BOLEN , Frank J.
Tarkio
7
FARMER
SHENANDOAH
BRIDGER , John
Tarkio
4
FARMER
CLARINDA
BRIDGER , T.
Tarkio
8
FARMER
ESSEX
BRIDGER , Tilda
Tarkio
4
FARMER
CLARINDA
BROWN , Alfred
Tarkio
4
FARMER
CLARINDA
BROWN , Alfred
Tarkio
9
FARMER
CLARINDA
BURTON , T.E.
Tarkio
34
FARMER & STOCK RAISER
YORKTOWN
CARLSON , C.J.
Tarkio
1
FARMER
CLARINDA
COPELAND , E.C.
Tarkio
36
FARMER & STOCK RAISER
YORKTOWN
DANIELSON , C.A.
Tarkio
6
FARMER
SHENANDOAH
DANIELSON , C.A.
Tarkio
7
FARMER
SHENANDOAH
DUKE , Issac
Tarkio
10
FARMER & STOCK RAISER
ESSEX
EAIASSON , Ida C.
Tarkio
1
FARMER
CLARINDA
EDWARDS , Wm. J.
Tarkio
8
FARMER
ESSEX
ENGSTER , Alfred J.
Tarkio
2
FARMER
CLARINDA
ENGSTRAM , Gust. A.
Tarkio
1
FARMER
CLARINDA
ERICKSON , Erick
Tarkio
14
FARMER & STOCK RAISER
CLARINDA
FREEMAN , C.
Tarkio
8
FARMER
ESSEX
GALE , H.R.
Tarkio
11
FARMER
YORKTOWN
GALE , Henry r.
Tarkio
9
FARMER
CLARINDA
GEER , B.G.
Tarkio
27
FARMER & STOCK RAISER
YORKTOWN
GILLESPIE , Charles
Tarkio
4
FARMER
CLARINDA
GILLESPIE , S.D.
Tarkio
3
FARMER
CLARINDA
GLAD , A.F.
Tarkio
6
FARMER
SHENANDOAH
GLEASON , John
Tarkio
6
FARMER
SHENANDOAH
GRIFFEY , H.L.
Tarkio
26
FARMER & STOCK RAISER
YORKTOWN
GUSTAFSON , Hannah
Tarkio
1
FARMER
CLARINDA
GUYNN , T.J.
Tarkio
29
DEALER IN GRAIN & COAL
NORWICH
HART , Alfred
Tarkio
11
FARMER
YORKTOWN
HISER , William
Tarkio
16
FARMER & STOCK RAISER
ESSEX
HULTINE , C.A.
Tarkio
8
FARMER & STOCK RAISER
ESSEX
JOHNSON , A.E.
Tarkio
11
FARMER
YORKTOWN
JOHNSON , And E.
Tarkio
11
FARMER
YORKTOWN
JOHNSON , Frank
Tarkio
5
FARMER
SHENANDOAH
JOHNSON , J.M. & Co.
Tarkio
29
GENERAL STORE - OWNER
NORWICH
JOHNSON , Malcolm L.
Tarkio
7
FARMER
SHENANDOAH
JOHNSON , P.
Tarkio
6
FARMER
SHENANDOAH
KING , James K.
Tarkio
33
TARKIO VALLEY STOCK FARM - OWN
NORWICH
LANCASTER , W.P.
Tarkio
39
CONTRACTOR BUILDER
NORWICH
LAVINE , C.W.
Tarkio
12
FARMER
YORKTOWN
LAWSON , John R.
Tarkio
25
PAGE Co. STOCK FARM - OWNER
YORKTOWN
LEVIN , Chas. A.
Tarkio
8
FARMER
ESSEX
LEVIN , J.A.
Tarkio
9
FARMER
CLARINDA
LEVIN , J.A.
Tarkio
8
FARMER
ESSEX
LINDELL , Jno. A.
Tarkio
12
FARMER
YORKTOWN
LINQUIST , C.A.
Tarkio
2
FARMER
CLARINDA
LUNDGREN , Chas. J.
Tarkio
12
FARMER
YORKTOWN
MAINE , J.W.
Tarkio
26
FARMER & STOCK RAISER
YORKTOWN
MALMBERG , C.J.
Tarkio
3
FARMER
CLARINDA
MALMBERG , C.J.
Tarkio
4
FARMER
CLARINDA
MALMBERG , C.J.
Tarkio
5
FARMER
SHENANDOAH
MALMBERG , C.J.
Tarkio
6
FARMER
SHENANDOAH
MAXWELL , William
Tarkio
11
FARMER
YORKTOWN
MILLER , M.H.
Tarkio
35
FARMER & ASSESSOR
YORKTOWN
MILLER , M.H.
Tarkio
11
FARMER
YORKTOWN
MILLER , W.B.
Tarkio
32
FARMER - Twp CLERK
NORWICH
MONSON , Chas. V.
Tarkio
2
FARMER
CLARINDA
NELSON , And F.
Tarkio
12
FARMER
YORKTOWN
NELSON , Andrew F.
Tarkio
14
FARMER - CHAIRMAN BOARD OF TRU
YORKTOWN
NEWMAN , Ida
Tarkio
6
FARMER
SHENANDOAH
PETERSON , A.
Tarkio
10
FARMER
ESSEX
PETERSON , C.J.
Tarkio
2
FARMER
CLARINDA
PETERSON , C.J.
Tarkio
12
FARMER
YORKTOWN
PETERSON , C.O.
Tarkio
5
FARMER
SHENANDOAH
PETERSON , C.O.
Tarkio
8
FARMER
ESSEX
PETERSON , Christ M.
Tarkio
2
FARMER
CLARINDA
PETERSON , G.W.
Tarkio
6
FARMER
SHENANDOAH
PETERSON , J. & J.
Tarkio
10
FARMER
ESSEX
PETERSON , John
Tarkio
10
FARMER
ESSEX
RHOADES , D.L.
Tarkio
19
FARMER & STOCK RAISER
SHENANDOAH
SKELEBERY , Alfred
Tarkio
3
FARMER
CLARINDA
SKELEBERY , Alfred
Tarkio
4
FARMER
CLARINDA
SMITH , F.E.
Tarkio
7
FARMER
SHENANDOAH
SNODDERLY , John
Tarkio
23
FARMER & STOCK RAISER
YORKTOWN
SNODDERLY , S.M.
Tarkio
23
FARMER & STOCK RAISER
YORKTOWN
SNYDER , Henry
Tarkio
36
FARMER & STOCK RAISER
YORKTOWN
SNYDER , Thomas
Tarkio
30
FARMER & STOCK RAISER
NORWICH
STROM , Ang. S.
Tarkio
5
FARMER
SHENANDOAH
STROM , Peter
Tarkio
5
FARMER
SHENANDOAH
SUNQUIST , J.E.
Tarkio
12
FARMER & STOCK RAISER
YORKTOWN
SUNQUIST , Urick
Tarkio
12
FARMER
YORKTOWN
SWENSON , P.A.
Tarkio
2
FARMER
CLARINDA
TEMPEST , William
Tarkio
29
FARMER & STOCK RAISER
NORWICH
TILLMAN , C.A.
Tarkio
3
FARMER & STOCK RAISER
CLARINDA
TILLMAN , C.A.T.
Tarkio
10
FARMER
ESSEX
TILLMAN , John
Tarkio
3
FARMER
CLARINDA
VARLEY , H.W.
Tarkio
7
FARMER
SHENANDOAH
VICKRES , Evan & Henry
Tarkio
18
FARMER
SHENANDOAH
WARREN , L.R.
Tarkio
7
FARMER & STOCK RAISER
SHENANDOAH
WHITE , S.P.
Tarkio
10
FARMER
ESSEX
YOUNGBERG , S.A.
Tarkio
3
FARMER
CLARINDA

  TARKIO TWP. by Milson Knollenberg [PFP-IV-4,Pg1] Click on Redball for More Info.<--- [REF:#6]
 1895  The following were methods of the threshing of grain In this township:
horse-power, steam engine power in 1895;
small tractor and threshing machine in 1926;
combine and small tractor an 1936;
self-propelled combines in 1948.
 1900's There were 3 telephone exchanges in Tarkio Township: Yorktown, Norwich, and Essex. They were started in the early 1900;s Yorktown and Norwich served the southern half of the township. They discontinued operation in 1956 when Farmer's Mutual (now General Telephone) in Clarinda bought them. The people on Norwich were taken over by the Northwestern Bell in Shenandoah. Essex, has their own company.
[Note:
Essex is in Pierce Twp., & Yorktown is in W. Nodaway Twp. Norwich is the only town in Tarkio Twp. ..prs]
 1908 Lumber mills on the Tarkio Creek included:
Fidler Mill in_1908-12;
Knollenber & Holmes Mill in 1924-25;
Fidler Mill in 1932
Weaver Mill in 1951;
Knollenberg Mill in 1961-75
 1964 Tarkio Township had two major tornados, One on June 01, 1949 where several homesteads were destroyed or severly damaged. The other was April 13, 1964, when the eastern-part was badly damaged. There were no deaths in Tarkio Township. One death in Yorktown. [W. Nodaway Twp.]
 1965 Part of the Erosion Farm (20 acres) was made into a public park in 1965 and called Pioneer Park. It is for campers, picnic, and fishing.
 1974 The Iowa State College bought 200 acres of land and made'an Experimental farm. It measured wind'velocity, amount of rain fall/erosion of land, effect of herbicides, etc. on the crops and land; The college discontinued the experimental work and sold the land in 1974.

  TARKIO TWP. - SOURCE NOTES & REFERENCE
 [1.  BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF PAGE COUNTY, IOWA - 1890, by W. L. Kershaw, 1st. Published in 1890, The S. J. Clarke Publishing Co., 854 pages.
 [2.]   ANDREAS'S ATLAS and BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES - 1875, Published by Mr. Andreas in 1875.
 [3.]   EARLY LAND ABSTRACTS - Council Bluffs Early land records from 1853 to 1858.
 [4.]   IOWA - PUBLIC LAND DISPOSAL, by Roscoe L. Lokken; Published in 1942 by The State Historical Society of Iowa.
 [5.]   THE UNITED STATES AT LARGE, Vol. 10, pp. 26, 714, 715. The western boundary of the Chariton District was moved two ranges west in 1855 ...prs
 [6.]  PAGES FROM THE PAST
Page Co., Quarterly, Published from 1976 to 1982.
Qrt. IV, Vol 4, Pg 3 Tarkio Twp. History, by Milton Knollenberg
 [7.]   Plat Book of Page Co., IA. 1902 Published by Northwest Publishing Company, 1902. Engraved by Ballet & Volk, 27 S. 6th Street, Phila., PA.

Got to FOPC© Index
Go to FOPC© Families Index Goto Friends of Page Co.© Homepage Family Source & Reference Notes
Page Co. Townships

Mrs. Vera B. (Duncan) WILSON, 1896-1988, age92yrs - Click on Thumbnail for larger Photo! These records are part of the "Genealogy Computer Package" *** PC-PROFILE *** Volume - II. DUNCAN & Related Families© Compiled and self Published in Oct. 14, 1993 by Paul R. Sarrett, Jr. with the assistance of my late mother Mrs. M. Lucille (WILSON) SARRETT. (1917-1987, age age 70yrs) & My Grandmother: Mrs. Vera B. (DUNCAN) WILSON (1896-1988, age 92yrs) The "Work-Books" were compiled by listing the various families, born, married, died, and a history of that family branch. In 1996 I started "Up-Loading" this material on the now called Friends of Page Co., site...prs
Would like any corrections of additions on thes Families!

Click on Mail Box to send me E-Mail at: prsjr@att.net   E-Mail: Paul R. Sarrett, Jr., Auburn, CA.
 Friends of Page County, President
Text - Copyright © 1996-2011 Paul R. Sarrett, Jr.
Created: Dec. 01, 1996; Nov. 15, 2000;  Sep. 25, 2002;  Oct. 26, 2004;  Sep. 05, 2007;  Apr. 02, 2008;  Sep. 10, 2011;