1903 Index

History of Iowa From the Earliest Times To The Beginning of the Twentieth Century
Volume IV, Iowa Biography, B. F. Gue, 1903.

H

Unless otherwise noted, biographies submitted by Becke Dawson.

A. L. HAGAR was born near Jamestown , Chautauqua County , New York , October 29. 1850. In the spring of 1859 his father came to Iowa and located near Cottonville in Jackson County . The son received his education in high school and in the fall of 1874 entered the Law Department of the State University at Iowa City where he graduated in 1875. He removed to Greenfield in Adair County where he opened a law office. In the fall of 1891 he was nominated by the Republican Convention of the Sixteenth District, composed of Madison and Adair counties, for State Senator, was elected, serving two years, when he was elected Representative in Congress from the Ninth District. He was reelected in 1894 and again in 1896, serving six years. He presided over the Republican State Convention in 1892.

AUGUSTUS HALL was born at Batavia , New York , April 29, 1814 , and spent his boyhood on his father's farm. After securing a good education he studied law and was admitted to the bar. After removing to Ohio he was elected county attorney in1840, serving two years. In 1844 he removed to Iowa , settling at Keosauqua, Van Buren County, where he opened a law office. In 1852 he was chosen by the Democrats one of the presidential electors and cast his vote for Franklin Pierce. In 1854 he was the Democratic candidate for Congress in the First District and was elected over R. L. B. Clark, Whig. He served but one term, being defeated at the election of 1856 by Samuel R. Curtis the Republican candidate. Mr. Hall removed to Nebraska where he was, in 1857, elected Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. He died in that State in February, 1861.

BENTON J. HALL was the son of Judge J. C. Hall who was one of the early judges of the Iowa Supreme Court. Benton J. was born at Mount Vernon , Knox County , Ohio , on the 13 th of January, 1835 , receiving his education at Knox College and the Miami University in Ohio . In 1839 his father came with his family to the newly organized Territory of Iowa , opening a law office in Burlington , where his son, Benton J., began the study of that profession and was admitted to the bar in 1857. In 1871 he was elected, on the Democratic ticket, to the House of Representatives of the Fourteenth General Assembly, his colleague being John H. Gear. In 1881 he was elected to the Senate, serving four years. In 1884 he was elected to Congress in the First District, serving one term, being the first Democrat chosen from that District for thirty years. In 1886 he was appointed by President Cleveland Commissioner of Patents, and conducted the affairs of that office with distinguished ability. As a lawyer Mr. Hall ranked high and as a citizen he commanded the respect of all classes. He died on the 5 th of January, 1894 .

JONATHAN C. HALL was born at Batavia , New York , February 27, 1808 , and was reared on a farm. He attended district school winters and a few terms at Wyoming Academy . He taught school three winters and helped to survey several new counties. In 1828 he began to study law, removed to Ohio and was admitted to the bar of Columbus. In 1839 he came to Iowa Territory and a year later opened a law office at Mount Pleasant where in a few years he acquired a large practice, attending courts in eleven counties. In 1844 he was chosen a delegate to the First Constitutional Convention and was one of the prominent framers of the Constitution that was rejected. Soon after he removed to Burlington and in 1854 was appointed Supreme Judge to fill a vacancy. In 1855 he was elected president of the Burlington & Missouri Railroad Company and was one of the influential promoters of that line. In 1857 he was again a member of the Constitutional Convention which framed our present Constitution. He was one of the authors of the State Board of Education which was provided for in that instrument. In 1859 he was elected to the Eighth General Assembly and took a prominent part in the enactment of the Code of 1860. In politics Judge Hall was a Democrat; as a lawyer, judge and legislator, he had few equals in the State he served so long and well. He died June 11, 1874 .

MOSES M. HAM, journalist and Senator, was born at Lyman, York County , Maine , on the 23d of March, 1833 . He removed to the State of New York where his early education was acquired at Lima Seminary. He then entered Union College at Schenectady where he graduated in 1855. In 1857 he engaged in journalism, which became his life work. He came to Iowa in September, 1863, locating at Dubuque , where the following year he purchased an interest in the DUBUQUE HERALD, on of the leading Democratic journals of the State. The HERALD was always a live paper which could give and take hard blows in political conflicts. Mr. Ham was one of the leaders of his party and for sixteen years was a member of the National Democratic Committee for Iowa . He took a deep interest in education and was for a long time president of the Dubuque school board and one of the regents of the State University . In 1877, he was elected to the State Senate for a term of four years, serving in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth General Assemblies. In March, 1896, Mr. Ham contributed to the ANNAL OF IOWA the most valuable historical article on Julien Dubuque, "The First White Man in Iowa,' that, so far as I am informed, has ever been written. It contained many heretofore unpublished facts relating to that settlement which, dating from soon after the close of the War of the American Revolution (1788), must be for all time of deep interest to Iowa people. In 1899, Mr. Ham disposed of a large interest in the HERALD establishment and retired from its management after thirty-five years of continuous service. His son, Colonel Clifford D. Ham, succeeded to the editorial control of the daily HERALD. Mr. Ham died at his home in Dubuque on the 25 th of December, 1902 .

JOHN T. HAMILTON was born near Geneseo, Henry County, Illinois, on the 16 th of October, 1843 . He was reared on a farm and received but an ordinary education. He removed to Cedar Rapids , Iowa , in 1868 and engaged in the sale of farm machinery. He has served on the board of supervisors, mayor of Cedar Rapids , president of Cedar Rapids Savings Bank and director of the Electric Light Company. In 1885 he was elected on the Democratic ticket one of the Representatives in the Legislature, and was twice reelected, serving six years in the House. In 1890 he was elected Speaker of the House of the Twenty-third General Assembly. In October of the same year he was elected to Congress for the Fifth District on the Democratic ticket over George R. Struble, Republican, serving but one term. He was a candidate for reelection in 1892 but was defeated by R. G. Cousins, Republican.

WILLIAM W. HAMILTON was a native of England and located at Dubuque , upon his arrival in America , in 1845. He was a good lawyer and took a deep interest in all public affairs, including education and politics. In 1849 he was elected probate judge of Dubuque County , serving in that capacity until 1852, when the probate business was, by the new Code, turned over to the county judges of the several counties. In 1854 Judge Hamilton was elected to the State Senate from the northeastern district which consisted of the counties of Dubuque, Delaware, Buchanan, Black Hawk, Grundy, Butler, Bremer, Clayton, Fayette, Allamakee, Winneshiek, Howard, Mitchell, Floyd and Chickasaw. Before the meeting of the Sixth General Assembly, the senatorial district had been divided and the counties of Dubuque and Delaware made the Thirty-first District, from which Judge Hamilton was chosen to the Senate for four years. At the convening of the Sixth General Assembly, the Democrats were in a minority in the Senate and Judge Hamilton, who was a Whig, was elected president. He was a popular and able presiding officer and when the General Assembly was organizing many new counties and deciding upon their names, the rare compliment was extended to the presiding officer, of giving his name to the new county taken from the old county of Webster . In the meantime, before the next General Assembly was chosen, the new Constitution of 1857 was framed and adopted and new districts arranged, so that Judge Hamilton, with others, was thrown out, having served but half the time for which he had been chosen.

WILLIAM G. HAMMOND was born at Newport , Rhode Island , May 3, 1829 . He graduated with the degree of A. B. in 1849 from Amherst , read law in Brooklyn and New York for three years and was admitted to the bar in 1851, practicing in those cities until 1856. He then went abroad for two years and returning in 1858, soon went to Iowa , joining an engineering party and working his way to the position of chief engineer in a new railroad enterprise. He was later professor of languages in Bowen Collegiate Institute at Hopkinton for a year. In 1863 he resumed the practice of law at Anamosa and three years later removed to Des Moines , where he became associated with Judges Wright and Cole in the Iowa Law School . In 1868 this institution was removed to Iowa City and became the Law Department of the State University with Mr. Hammond in charge; he became Chancellor in 1870 and the following year was appointed one of the Commissioners to codify the laws of Iowa . He received the degree of LL.D. from Iowa College in 1870 and also from Amherst in 1877. In 1881 Dr. Hammond resigned his position in the State University and became Dean of the St. Louis Law School which he retained until his death, April 12, 1894 . In the history of the common law he was recognized as an authority without a superior in the United States . He published a Digest of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of Iowa, an edition of Blackstone's Commentaries and other works. From 1889 he was at the head of the committee on legal education of the American Bar Association. He was for several years president of the State Historical Society.

PHILLIP C. HANNA was born in Waterloo , Iowa , June 27, 1857 . He was educated for a Methodist minister and was engaged several years in that work. In 1889 he was appointed by President Harrison United States Consul General for Venezuela and during the administration of that office won world-wide fame for his energetic action in securing the release from imprisonment of the consuls of Russia , France , Belgium and several other nations. These consuls were seized by the dictator of that country and held for large ransoms, but through the prompt measures taken by Mr. Hanna were released. For this act Consul Hanna received the thanks of twenty-one nations for rescuing their consuls and citizens. After the overthrow of the dictator the Congress of Venezuela conferred upon Mr. Hanna the rank of count. In 1897 Mr. Hanna was appointed Consul General to Porto Rico and rendered distinguished services to our country during the war with Spain . After peace was restored Mr. Hanna was appointed Consul General at Monterey in Mexico .

JAMES HARLAN was born in Clarke County , Illinois , August 26, 1820 . His father removed to Park County , Indiana , three years later where the son was reared on a farm. He graduated at Asbury University in 1845. In 1846 Mr. Harlan located at Iowa City where he studied law and was admitted to the bar. In 1847 he was nominated by the Whig party for Superintendent of Public Instruction and was elected over Charles Mason, the Democratic candidate. In 1849, at the Whig State Convention, Mr. Harlan was nominated for Governor but not being eligible on account of youth, he declined, and another candidate was named by the State Central Committee. In 1853 he was chosen president of the Wesleyan University at Mount Pleasant. At the session of the Fifth General Assembly in 1855, after a long and exciting contest for election of United States Senator, the Whigs and Free Soil members united upon Mr. Harlan and, casting their votes for him, he was declared elected for six years to succeed General Dodge. His election was contested in the Senate and the seat was declared vacant, in 1857. The Legislature being in session, Mr. Harlan was promptly reelected. In 1861 he was elected for a second term of six years. In March, 1865, he was invited to a seat in the Cabinet of President Lincoln as Secretary of the Interior but did not enter upon the duties of the position until May 15, when he resigned his seat in the Senate. In the meantime the President had been assassinated and was succeeded by Andrew Johnson. In September, Mr. Harlan resigned his seat in the Cabinet and in January, 1866, was again elected to the Senate for six years. During his long service in the Senate Mr. Harlan became one of the foremost leaders of the Republican party. Serving during all of the years in which the momentous issues of slavery, secession, rebellion and reconstruction were absorbing the profound attention of the ablest statesmen of America, he was called upon to assist in solving the most difficult problems that have arisen since the formation of our Government and was equal to the occasion. How wisely and ably he and his colleagues guided the Nation through its imminent dangers is recorded in history. Among the foremost statesmen of that period the name of James Harlan will always stand conspicuous. During the administration of President Grant, Senators Sumner and Schurz, who were among the great leaders of the Republican party for many years, became alienated from the President and organized an opposition in the Senate which assailed the Administration and its chief measures, with great bitterness. President Grant had negotiated a treaty with the government of San Domingo, by which that island desired to be annexed to the United States on favorable terms to our Nation. Sumner, Schurz and a few other Senators dominated by their influence, formed a combination which was strong enough to defeat the ratification of the treaty. In a studied speech Sumner assailed President Grant personally in one of the most abusive speeches ever delivered in the Senate, in connection with this treaty. Senator Harlan in a calm, able and statesmanlike address, made a masterly reply in vindication of President Grant and his patriotic services to the country in civil and military affairs, and the wisdom of the policy that would have given to the Nation one of the most important and productive islands of the West Indies. This speech of the senior Iowa Senator made a profound impression upon the country and Europe and placed him in the front rank of patriotic American statesmen. As his third term drew to a close, a powerful movement was organized by the northern half of the State (which had long been unrepresented in the Senate) to secure the election of a member living in that section. William B. Allison was the candidate united upon and in the Republican caucus he was nominated over Mr. Harlan and elected. Senator Harlan had for nearly eighteen years served as the colleague of such eminent statesmen as Seward, Douglas, Sumner, Fessenden, Edmunds, Bayard, Jefferson Davis, Mason, Grimes and Henry Wilson. He was a trusted adviser of Presidents Lincoln and Grant. His knowledge of the affairs of government was unsurpassed. As a public speaker he was calm, deliberate, logical and impressive. After his retirement to private life, Mr. Harlan was, from 1882 to 1885, the Presiding Judge of the Alabama Claims Commission. He was one of the commissioners who erected the Iowa Soldiers' Monument. His last act in a public capacity was presiding at the laying of the corner-stone of the Iowa Hall of History, May 17, 1899. He died at Mount Pleasant on the 6 th of October of the same year.

W. F. HARRIMAN was born in Warner, New Hampshire, August 16, 1841. His education was acquired in the public schools of his native town and in the New London Literary and Scientific Institution. He worked on a farm and taught school until his parents removed to Iowa in 1860, when he began to read law. In 1869 he was admitted to the bar at Charles City and settled in Cherokee where he began practice. He soon became a large land owner and planted the first artificial grove in that county. In 1876 he removed to Hampton in Franklin County where he resumed the practice of law. Retiring from active practice in 1888, Mr. Harriman engaged extensively in farming and stock raising. In 1891 he was elected on the Republican ticket Representative in the House of the Twenty-fourth General Assembly, serving by reelection also in the Twenty-fifth General Assembly. In 1895 he was elected to the Senate from the district composed of the counties of Cerro Gordo, Hancock and Franklin, serving in the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh General Assemblies. He was the author of the act creating the Department of Agriculture.

ELDON J. HARTSHORN, soldier and legislator, was born in Lunenburg, Vermont, June 16, 1842. He was educated in the public schools and St. Johnsbury Academy where he prepared for college. In 1862 he enlisted in Company E. Fifteenth Vermont Volunteers, and was soon promoted to second lieutenant. He was offered a West Point cadetship, but declined to leave the service. In 1864 Lieutenant Hartshorn was promoted to captain of Company G, Seventeenth Vermont Infantry and joined Burnside's Ninth Army Corps in the Army of the Potomac. The regiment was in the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Tolopotomy Creek, North Anna River, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor, Petersburg and the fall of Richmond. At the close of the war Captain Hartshorn studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1869 and coming west the following year, located at Emmetsburg, in Palo Alto County, Iowa. Here he was land agent for the Milwaukee Railroad and represented many non-resident land owners. In 1873 he was elected Representative in the House of the Fifteenth General Assembly from the district consisting of the counties of Pocahontas, Buena Vista, Palo Alto and Emmet. He was elected to the Senate in 1875 serving in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth General Assemblies. In 1898 Captain Hartshorn was appointed to a position in the Interior Department at Washington.

SERRANUS C. HASTINGS was born in Jefferson County, New York, on the 22d of November, 1814. He was liberally educated and at the age of twenty became Principal of Norwich Academy. In 1834 he removed to Lawrenceburg, Indiana, where he studied law and was admitted to the bar. In the presidential campaign of 1836 he was employed as editor of the INDIANA SIGNAL, supporting Martin Van Buren for President. In 1837 he removed to the ‘Black Hawk Purchase,' locating at Bloomington where he opened a law office. When Iowa was organized as a Territory Mr. Hastings was elected a member of the House of the First Legislative Assembly, serving two terms. In 1840 he was elected to the Council where he served in the Third, Fourth, Seventh and Eighth Legislative Assemblies and was President of the Council of 1845. He exercised wide influence in framing the laws of the Territory and was one of the compilers of the ‘Blue Book' of Iowa laws, being associated in that work with James W. Grimes. He was commander of three companies of militia, with the rank of major in the Missouri boundary conflict. In 1846, when Iowa became a State, Mr. Hastings was nominated by the Democrats for Representative in Congress for the State at large and elected over G. C. R. Mitchell the Whig candidate. In 1848 he was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Iowa. In 1849 he removed to California where he served as Attorney-General and later as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of that State. He died in San Francisco, February 18, 1893.

EDWARD HATCH was born in the State of Maine in 1832. He removed to Iowa and at the beginning of the Civil War was living at Muscatine where he was engaged in the lumber business. In August, 1861, Mr. Hatach was appointed major in the Second Iowa Cavalry. He rose rapidly to the rank of lieutenant-colonel and in June, 1862, was commissioned colonel of the regiment. He was an excellent cavalry officer and distinguished himself in many brilliant engagements while in command of that famous regiment. He was often in command of a brigade and in the spring of 1864 he was promoted to Brigadier-General. After the close of the war he was appointed colonel in the regular army and placed in command of the Ninth Cavalry. During his entire military career he was engaged in nearly a hundred battles. He served on the western frontier against the Indians up to the time of his death, which occurred from an accident near Fort Robinson, Nebraska, in April, 1889.

FRANK HATTON was born at Cadiz, Ohio, on the 28 th of April, 1846, receiving his education in his father's printing office. He enlisted in the Union army in 1864 and became a lieutenant before the war closed. Soon after his father removed to Mount Pleasant, Iowa, and became the owner of the JOURNAL where the son continued to assist in the office, until his father's death when he became the proprietor of the establishment. He was a warm friend of Senator James Harlan and in the contest for reelection in 1872, was one of the Senator's strongest supporters. After Mr. Harlan's defeat Mr. Hatton removed to Burlington where he became the editor of the daily HAWKEYE and was appointed postmaster of that city. When President Garfield was inaugurated Mr. Hatton was appointed First Assistant Postmaster-General and upon the resignation of Mr. Gresham he succeeded him at the head of the Post-Office Department, becoming a member of President Arthur's Cabinet. He was at one time chairman of the Republican State Central Committee of Iowa. He removed to Washington, D. C., and became one of the editors of the daily POST where he died on the 30 th of April, 1894.

GILBERT N. HAUGEN was born in Rock County, Wisconsin, April 21, 1859. He was reared on a farm and attended the common schools. In 1877 he came to Iowa and bought a farm in Worth County where he engaged in farming, grain buying, selling farm implements and hardware. In 1887 he was elected county treasurer, serving six years. In 1895 he was elected on the Republican ticket to represent the district composed of Worth and Winnebago counties in the House of the Twenty-fifth General Assembly. He was reelected in 1897, serving two terms. In 1898 he was elected to Congress in the Fourth District and was reelected in 1900 and again in 1902.

WALTER I. HAYES was born in Marshall, Michigan, December 9, 1841. He entered the Law Department of the Michigan University, graduating in 1863, and coming to Iowa in 1866 became a law partner of Adjutant-General N. B. Baker. He was three times elected city solicitor of Clinton, and was elected judge of the Seventh Judicial District in 1878, serving until 1887. His most notable decision during his term of service was that declaring the Prohibitory Amendment to the Constitution, adopted by a vote of the people, to be void. Upon appeal to the Supreme Court his decision was sustained. In 1876 he was one of the Democratic candidates for Supreme Judge but was defeated with his party ticket. In 1886 he was elected Representative in Congress from the Second District and three times reelected, serving until 1895. Mr. Hayes was a warm supporter of the Hennepin canal. He served at the extra session of the Twenty-sixth General Assembly, which acted upon the new code. He was a life-long Democrat and one of the leaders of the party in Iowa. He died on the 14 th of March, 1901.

EDWARD R. HAYS was born in Wood County, Ohio, May 26, 1847. He was educated at Heidelberg College, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1869. He removed to Iowa, taking up his residence at Knoxville, and was elected to Congress on the Republican ticket in 1890 to fill a vacancy occasioned by the resignation of E. H. Conger.

WILLIAM C. HAYWARD was born in Cattaraugus County, New York, November 22, 1847. His education was acquired in the public schools of Minneapolis and Iowa, and at the Iowa Agricultural College. He came with his parents to Iowa in 1864. After leaving college he became county surveyor, and was for twelve years postmaster at Garner. For fourteen years he was editor of a country newspaper, and has since been engaged in milling, banking and manufacturing. After removing to Davenport Mr. Hayward was five years president of the school board. In 1897 he was elected on the Republican ticket to the State Senate, serving in the Twenty-seventh, Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth General Assemblies. He introduced a bill providing for compulsory education which paved the way for the law which was enacted at the following session.

ALBERT HEAD was born November 25, 1838, in Highland County, Ohio. He was reared on a farm and in 1855 came overland in an emigrant wagon to Iowa, locating in Poweshiek County. He taught school several years, studied law, gaining admission to the bar in 1859. At the same time he was engaged in publishing the MONTEZUMA REPUBLICAN in company with Colonel S. F. Cooper. In 1861 Mr. Head assisted in the organization of Company F, Tenth Iowa Volunteers, and was commissioned captain. In 1863 he was promoted to Assistant Adjutant-General, serving on the staff of Generals Matthies, McPherson and Raum. He was several times wounded in the battles of Corinth, Champion's Hill and Vicksburg. Immediately after the close of the war Captain Head settled at Jefferson in Greene County where he resumed the practice of law and was interested in several business enterprises, becoming president of a number of banks. He was president of the Greene County Agricultural Society and a trustee of Drake University. In 1883 he was elected Representative in the Twentieth General Assembly and was reelected to the Twenty-first and chosen Speaker of the House of Representatives, and again reelected to the Twenty-second and Twenty-third General Assemblies. He has served as president and treasurer of the State Agricultural Society.

THOMAS D. HEALY was born in Lansing, Iowa, May 25, 1865, and secured a good education in Notre Dame University, Indiana, and the Law Department of the Iowa State University. He removed to Fort Dodge where he engaged in the practice of law, and was for five years city solicitor. He was an active Republican and served on the committee on resolutions in the Republican State Convention of 1893. In 1895 he was elected to the State Senate for the district composed of the counties of Calhoun and Webster, serving by reelection in the Twenty-sixth, Twenty-seventh, Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth General Assemblies. He was the most influential advocate and founder of the system of placing the public institutions of the State under the management of a non-partisan Board of Control. He had gathered facts and statistics relating to the working of this system in other States which were powerful factors in overcoming the opposition to that policy and greatly aided in the enactment of the law. After the system had been adopted Mr. Healy was influential in securing the appointment of men of the highest character and qualifications for members of the board.

ALFRED HEBARD was born in Windham, Connecticut, May 10, 1811. He graduated at Yale College in 1832 and became a civil engineer. After a few years of teaching he came to the west and settled on a farm near Burlington, then in Wisconsin Territory, in 1837. In 1842 he served on a commission appointed by Governor Chambers to adjust the claims of traders amounting to $250,000, against the Sac and Fox Indians. Mr. Hebard built the first bridge on the military road opened from Burlington to the Indian Agency on the Des Moines River. He was elected to the Territorial Legislature in 1840 and was twice reelected, serving in the Third, Fourth and Sixth Legislative Assemblies, taking a prominent part in framing laws for the new Territory of Iowa. In 1846 he was elected to the First General Assembly of the State, serving at the regular and extra sessions. In 1856 Mr. Hebard made a survey for the Burlington & Missouri Railroad from river to river. While on the survey he selected and purchased a large tract of land in Montgomery County where the town of Red Oak was afterwards laid out. He made his home on a fine farm near the town. During the Civil War Mr. Hebard was employed by the Government in building railroad bridges in the south as the Union armies advanced. He was a life-long Democrat and died September 21, 1896.

THOMAS HEDGE was born at Burlington in the Territory of Iowa, on the 24 th of June, 1844. He received a college education, graduating from Yale in 1867 and from Columbia College Law Department in 1869. He served as a lieutenant in a New York regiment during the Civil War and, returning to Burlington, entered upon the practice of law. In 1898 he was elected on the Republican ticket to Congress from the First District, was reelected in 1900 and again in 1902.

JOHN M. HEDRICK was born in Rush County, Indiana, on the 16 th of December, 1832. He received but a common school education yet qualified himself for teaching by the time he was seventeen years of age. For three years he worked on his father's farm summers, teaching winters. He came to Iowa and opened a store in Ottumwa but soon after the beginning of the Civil War entered the service as first lieutenant of Company D, Fifteenth Iowa Infantry and was afterward promoted to captain. At the Battle of Shiloh he was wounded and taken prisoner. After remaining a prisoner six months he was exchanged, returned to his regiment and soon after was promoted to major. The regiment was in Sherman's campaign through the Gulf States, and, in August, 1864, Hedrick was promoted to colonel. At the Battle of Atlanta he was severely wounded and completely disabled for active service. In the spring of 1865 he was breveetted Bridgadier-General for gallant services in the Atlanta campaign. After the war he was for many years editor of the OTTUMWA COURIER. He was several years employed in responsible positions in the revenue service.

HERMAN C. HEMENWAY, one of the prominent lawyers and Republicans of Northern Iowa, is a native of the State of New York, having been born at Potsdam, April 1, 1834. He acquired a good education and taught school several years. He studied law, was admitted to the bar, and began to practice at Freeport, Illinois, in 1860. The next spring he removed to Iowa, locating at Independence, enlisted in the Twenty-seventh Volunteer Infantry and served three years in the Civil War. At the close of his term of enlistment he settled at Cedar Falls where he resumed the practice of law. In 1875 he was elected Representative in the Sixteenth General Assembly, and in 1877 he was elected to the Senate, serving in that body in the Seventeenth, Eighteenth, Nineteenth and Twentieth General Assemblies.

STEPHEN HEMPSTEAD, second Governor of the State of Iowa, was born at New London, Connecticut, on the 1 st of October, 1812. In 1828 his father removed with his family to Missouri where he made his home on a farm near St. Louis. In 1830 Stephen procured a position as clerk in a store at Galena, Illinois, and when the Black Hawk War came he enlisted in an artillery company and served until peace was restored. He then entered college at Jacksonville where he remained until 1833 when he began the study of law. In 1835 he was admitted to the bar and the following year opened the first law office in the new town of Dubuque. When Iowa Territory was established in 1838 Mr. Hempstead was elected to the Council of the First Legislative Assembly. He was made chairman of the judiciary committee when but twenty-six years of age. At the second session Mr. Hempstead was chosen President of the Council. In 1844 he was elected one of the delegates to the First Constitutional Convention and was appointed chairman of the committee on incorporations. In 1845 he was again chosen to the Council of the Seventh Legislative Assembly and in the Eighth he was again elected President of the Council. In February, 1848, he was appointed one of the commissioners to revise the laws of the State. His colleagues were Charles Mason and William G. Woodward. They prepared and reported the Code of 1851 which was approved by the General Assembly and enacted into law. In 1850 Mr. Hempstead was nominated by the Democratic State Convention for Governor, was elected over the Whig candidate, James L. Thompson, and served four years. After the expiration of his term, Governor Hempstead returned to Dubuque where he served as county judge and auditor until 1873. He died on the 16 th of February, 1883. Governor Sherman issued a proclamation enumerating the valuable public services of Governor Hempstead and had the flag displayed on the State House at half-mast in memory of the departed statesman. Although not a brilliant man, Governor Hempstead was a sound lawyer, an intelligent and influential legislator who gave the State valuable services in framing the early laws of the Territory and State. His administration as Governor was alike creditable to himself and to the State.

HENRY B. HENDERSHOTT was born in Miami County, Ohio, May 15, 1816, and his youthful years were spent on a farm in Illinois. He earned his way through college at Jacksonville by labor on a farm. In 1837 he came to the ‘Black Hawk Purchase' and studied law in Burlington. He began to practice at Agency City in 1843 and two years later was appointed Prosecuting Attorney for the Seventh District. As clerk of the court, he organized the county of Wapello. In 1847 he was appointed Deputy Surveyor-General of Iowa and Wisconsin under General Jones. In 1848 he was appointed one of the commissioners, with Joseph G. Brown, to settle the disputed boundary between the States of Iowa and Missouri. They, in conjunction with a similar commission from Missouri, established a boundary line which was finally adopted and confirmed by the courts as the true and permanent boundary. In 1850 Mr. Hendershott was elected to the State Senate from the district composed of the counties of Wapello, Lucas and Monroe, serving four years. He took a prominent part in the enactment of the Code of 1851. He was a member of the Iowa Geographical and Historical Societies and was a frequent contributor to their publications. In 1856 he was elected judge of the Third District. He was one of the early and influential leaders of the Democratic party of Iowa. He died at Ottumwa August 10, 1900.

DAVID B. HENDERSON was a native of Scotland, having been born at Old Deer, on the 14 th of March, 1840. He came to America with his father's family in 1846 and in 1849 removed to Iowa, locating on a farm in Fayette County. He remained with his father on the farm assisting him in the summer season and attending school in the winter and finally entered the Upper Iowa University, where he was pursuing his studies when the Rebellion began. The students were greatly excited and in their young enthusiasm many hastened to enlist, among whom was Henderson, who was not yet twenty-one. He volunteered in August, 1861, and was chosen first lieutenant of Company C, Twelfth Infantry. He was wounded at Fort Donelson and again severely at Corinth, having his left foot amputated, so that he had to leave the service in February, 1863. When the Forty-sixth Regiment was organized in June, 1864, he was so far recovered that he was appointed colonel and assumed command for the "hundred days'" service. In the meantime he had served as Commissioner of the Board of Enrollment of the Third District. In November, 1865, he was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue for the Third District, serving until June, 1869, when he resigned and became a member of the law firm of Shiras, Van Duzee & Henderson. Soon after he was appointed Assistant District Attorney for the Northern District of Iowa, serving two years. In the fall of 1882 he was elected on the Republican ticket Representative in Congress for the Third District. He was continuously reelected to the close of the Nineteenth Century. At the opening of the Fifty-sixth Congress, December 1899, Colonel Henderson was unanimously nominated by the Republicans for Speaker and elected. During the fourteen years that he had served on the floor of the House, Colonel Henderson had won the respect and esteem of his colleagues of all political parties. He is an eloquent and impressive public speaker and has exercised marked influence upon legislation. In Iowa, where he is as widely known as any man in public life, no citizen of the State has more, or warmer friends. Although representing a district that has sometimes been very close politically, he was never defeated, but served longer continuously than any other Representative in the lower House of Congress from Iowa, since it has had an existence as a State.

PARIS P. HENDERSON was born at Liberty, Union County, Indiana, January 3, 1825. He was educated in the common schools and in 1849 came to Iowa, making his home in Warren County, where he was appointed organizing sheriff, a position he held until 1859 when he was elected on the Republican ticket to the State Senate. He served in the regular session of 1860 and at the extra session of 1861. He then resigned and entered the military service as captain of Company G, Tenth Iowa Infantry. On the 27 th of January he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel; in February, 1863, he was promoted to colonel of the regiment and served with distinction to the close of the war. Returning to Indianola he was elected treasurer of Warren County and later mayor of Indianola.

JOEL E. HENDRICKS, a noted mathematician, was born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, March 10, 1818. He early developed a love of mathematics and began to teach school at nineteen years of age. He chanced to procure Moore's Navigation and Ostrander's Astronomy and, without instruction, soon became able to work in trigonometry and calculate solar and lunar eclipses. He took up algebra while teaching and soon became master of that science without instruction. He taught mathematics two years in Neville Academy, Ohio, and then occupied a position on a Government survey in Colorado in 1861. In 1864 he located in Des Moines, Iowa and pursued his mathematical studies. In 1874 he began the publication of the ANALYST, a journal of pure and applied mathematics and soon won a reputation in Europe among eminent scholars as one of the most advanced mathematicians of the day. His ANALYST was taken by the colleges and universities of Europe and found a place in the best foreign libraries. His name became famous among all mathematical experts of the world. Among his correspondents were Benjamin Silliman, John W. Draper and James D. Dana; while his journal was authority at Yale and John Hopkins Universities. For ten years, up to 1884, this world-famous ANALYST was published at Des Moines by Dr. Joel E. Hendricks. Up to the time it was discontinued, no journal of mathematics had been published so long in America. It is one of the remarkable events of the Nineteenth Century that a self-educated man should, by his own genius and industry, without instruction, reach such an exalted place among the world's greatest scholars. Dr. Hendricks died in Des Moines on the 9 th of June, 1893.

BERNHART HENN was born in 1820 at Cherry Valley, New York. He secured a good education and in 1839 came to Iowa, locating at Burlington where he was a clerk in the United States Land Office. In 1844 Mr. Henn was appointed Register of the United States Land Office which had been removed to Fairfield. After serving four years he was elected to Congress on the Democratic ticket from the First District. He was reelected, serving four years. In 1853 he organized the firm of Henn, Williams & Company, which was extensively engaged in banking and real estate business in different parts of the State. This company laid out a portion of Fairfield and was among the original proprietors of Fort Dodge. Mr. Henn was a gifted writer and a frequent contributor to the BURLINGTON GAZETTE. Although never a member of the State Legislature or a Constitutional Convention, Mr. Henn exercised wide influence in framing laws and shaping public policy in the early history of the Territory and State. He was an ardent Democrat of the old school and long one of the political leaders of the State. He died at Fairfield August 31, 1868.

WILLIAM P. HEPBURN was born at Wellsville, Ohio, on the 4 th of November, 1833. His father removed with his family to Iowa in 1841. The son attended the public schools and learned the printer's trade, afterwards read law and was admitted to the bar and, in 1856, was elected Prosecuting Attorney in Marshall County. In 1858 he was chosen chief clerk of the House of the Seventh General Assembly. In October of the same year he was elected District Attorney of the Eleventh District. When the Rebellion began, Mr. Hepburn raised a company for the Second Iowa Cavalry, of which he was commissioned captain. In September, 1862, he was promoted to major of the regiment and in November became lieutenant-colonel, serving until the regiment was mustered out in 1864. In 1876 he was one of the presidential electors on the Republican ticket. Having removed to Page County he was, in 1880, elected to Congress by the Republicans of the Eighth District. He was reelected in 1882 and again in 1884. In 1886 he was defeated by Major A. R. Anderson. In 1888 he was chosen presidential elector. In 1892 he was again elected to Congress and has been reelected in 1894, 1896, 1898, 1900 and 1902. Mr. Hepburn is a public speaker of unusual power and eloquence as well as an able debater. His long term of service in Congress has given him great influence in that body and for many years he has been one of the earnest workers for the construction of the Nicaraguan Inter-ocean ship canal.

JOHN HERRIOTT was born at Herriottsville, in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, October 21, 1844, where his youthful years were spent on a farm. He usually attended school a few weeks in the winter season until he was twelve years of age when he received three months' instruction in the Normal School in the winter of 1865. When the Civil War began young Herriott enlisted in a Pennsylvania regiment and served as a private soldier in nearly all of the great battles fought by the Army of the Potomac up to September 27, 1864, when his term of service expired. In August, 1865, he emigrated to Iowa, settling on a farm near New Liberty, Scott County. In 1872, Mr. Herriott removed to Stuart where he opened a drug and book store. He was elected on the Republican ticket treasurer of the county, serving two terms and making a record which brought him out as a prominent candidate for State Treasurer. He received the Republican nomination for that position in 1894, was elected and twice reelected, serving three terms. He brought marked ability to the discharge of the duties of that office, introducing many new methods in the transaction of its important duties, which met general approval. As a member of the Executive Council Mr. Herriott took an independent stand in advocacy of whatever he believed to be right. He was a courageous advocate of important reforms in the assessment of corporate property, acting alone in that respect in the Executive Council. So warmly was his position indorsed by the people, that his Congressional District gave him a unanimous support for Governor in the Republican State Convention of 1901. The convention, however, nominated A. B. Cummins for Governor and Mr. Herriott for Lieutenant-Governor, to which position he was elected by a large majority.

FRANCIS J. HERRON was born in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, on the 17 th of February, 1837. He was educated at Western University in that city and began his business career as a clerk in a banking house. He afterwards became a partner in the bank. In 1855 he came to Iowa and with a brother established a bank at Dubuque. He was among the first to enter the military service upon the opening of the Civil War in 1861, having been chosen captain of Company I, which was incorporated into the First Iowa Volunteers, organized and sent to the field under the first call of President Lincoln for 75,000 men for three months' service. Mr. Herron took part in the Battle of Wilson' Creek and distinguished himself, so that when the Ninth Regiment was organized in September, he was commissioned lieutenant-colonel. He participated in the three days' Battle of Pea Ridge, where he was wounded and taken prisoner. He was promoted to Brigadier-General for gallant conduct in that battle. In the Battle of Prairie Grove General Herron won additional fame for his brilliant leadership and was in December made a Major-General. His services throughout the war were recognized by the great commanders under whom he served, and he must ever rank among the ablest military officers from Iowa in the Civil War. He removed to New York where his death occurred on the 8 th of January, 1902.

SUMNER B. HEWETT was born in Northbridge, Massachusetts, on the 22d of June, 1833. He received a liberal education in the schools of that State, and in 1854 removed to Iowa, becoming a resident of Wright County, where his father's family were among the earliest pioneers. He selected for his home a beautiful farm including Eagle Grove, and six hundred acres of adjoining prairie. In 1861, Mr. Hewett was appointed county judge, serving three years. In 1862 he was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue for the Sixth Congressional District which then embraced nearly one-third of the territory of the State. He had served as one of the secretaries of the State Senate in the session of 1862. He was for many years one of the directors of the State Agricultural Society, and an influential member of that organization. In 1871 he was elected to the House of Representatives of the Fourteenth General Assembly for the district consisting of the counties of Hamilton, Humboldt and Wright. He served on the committees of Agricultural College, of which he was chairman, railroads and public buildings. When the Northwestern Railroad was built through Wright County, the town of Eagle Grove included within its limits a portion of Judge Hewett's farm. He removed to California many years ago.

AZRO B. F. HILDRETH, one of the veteran journalists of Iowa, was born in Chelsea, Vermont, February 29, 1816. He began teaching at the age of sixteen and going to New York in 1837 learned the printer's trade. In 1839 he established a newspaper at Lowell, Massachusetts, and for several years conducted papers in that State and Vermont. In the spring of 1856 Mr. Hildreth removed to Charles City, Iowa, where he built a printing house and established the CHARLES CITY INTELLIGENCER, which for fourteen years he made one of the largest and best printed of the weekly papers of the State. In 1858 Mr. Hildreth was elected a member of the State Board of Education and took a prominent part in framing laws which have given to Iowa an excellent school system. He was the leader of the movement to admit girls to the State University on equality with boys, a measure which encountered strong opposition. In 1863 Mr. Hildreth was elected to the House of the Tenth General Assembly, was chairman of the committee on schools and was untiring in efforts in behalf of liberal laws for the promotion of education. In politics he is a Republican.

GERSHOM H. HILL was born at Garnaville, Clayton County, Iowa, May 8, 1846. He went to Grinnel in 1860 and was employed on the farm of Hon. J. B. Grinnell, the founder of the town and college. One night in June, 1861, young Hill drove a wagon load of escaping slaves from Grinnell's house, which was a station on the ‘underground railroad,' to Marengo, on their way to Canada and freedom. He obtained his education in the public schools and in 1863 began school teaching in Marshall County. Soon after he enlisted in the Forty-sixth Iowa Regiment and served under Colonel David B. Henderson. In 1865 Mr. Hill entered Grinnell College, graduating in 1871. He then began the study of medicine at the State University, and later at Rush Medical College, where he graduated. In 1875 he was chosen a physician in the Hospital for Insane at Independence, and in 1881 he was promoted to superintendent and has continued in that position up to the present time. His management of that institution has been marked for peculiar ability in the administration of its affairs. He writes for several medical journals and is a member of the leading medical associations of the country. He is a lecturer on insanity at the Medical Department of the State University, and is often called upon as an expert in that malady.

SYLVESTER G. HILL was born on the 10 th of June, 1829, in Washington County, Rhode Island. He received an academic education at Greenwich. In 1840 he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he engaged in the lumber business. In 1849 he went to California with the great emigration of gold seekers. Failing to find profitable business, he came the following year to Iowa, locating at Muscatine. In July, 1862, he recruited a company of volunteers of which he was chosen captain. In August his company was assigned to the Thirty-fifth Regiment of Volunteer Infantry. On the 10 th of August he was promoted to colonel of the regiment. He led it in the Vicksburg campaign and McPherson's expedition to Brownsville and was also in the Red River campaign under Banks and later served with Sherman. In the Battle of Nashville, fought in December, Colonel Hill commanded a brigade and while making a gallant charge on the enemy's works, was shot through the head and instantly killed.

DAVID B. HILLIS was born in Jefferson County, Indiana, July 25, 1825. He was educated at the University of South Hanover, studied medicine at Madison and for eleven years practiced his profession in his native State. In 1858 he removed to Iowa, locating at Bloomfield. In 1860 he removed to Keokuk where he was engaged in business when the war began. In August, 1861, he was appointed aide-de-camp to Governor Kirkwood, serving until March, 1862, when he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the Seventeenth Iowa Infantry. In August, 1862, he was promoted to colonel of the regiment and resigned during the siege of Vicksburg, after having distinguished himself at the battles of Jackson and Champion's Hill. He died at Keokuk on the 9 th of September, 1900.

JOHN HILSINGER was born at Marathon, Cortland County, New York, on the 4 th of March, 1835. He secured a good education, read law with Judge Kingsley and was admitted to the bar at Ithaca, in 1857. He came to Iowa in 1858, making his home at Sabula in Jackson County where he taught school for two years, but has been engaged in the practice of law since 1860. Mr. Hilsinger was for about ten years one of the county supervisors, was postmaster of Sabula two terms, and has also been mayor of the city three years. In 1863 he was nominated by the Republicans for State Senator, and although Jackson County is generally carried by the Democrats, by reason of personal popularity and superior qualifications for the position, he was elected, serving in the Tenth and Eleventh General Assemblies. He was an influential member of several important committees and an able and discreet legislator. He has long been a prominent and trusted leader in the Republican party of the State. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention which in 1868 nominated General Grant for President.

ALFRED N. HOBSON is a native of Pennsylvania, having been born in Allegheny City, April 1, 1848. His father removed his family to Iowa in 1855, settling in Fayette County. Alfred N. was educated at Upper Iowa University and at the State University. He studied law with his father and Hon. L. L. Ainsworth at West Union. He spent three years in the office of the Assessor of Internal Revenue, and later entered into partnership with L. L. Ainsworth in the practice of law. He was mayor of West Union in 1882. In 1894 he was elected judge of the Thirteenth Judicial District consisting of the counties of Allamakee, Chickasaw, Clayton, Fayette, Howard and Winneshiek and was reelected in 1898 and again in 1902. His term will expire in 1906.

ADONIRAM J. HOLMES was born on the 2d of March, 1842, in Wayne County, Ohio. His parents removed to Wisconsin while he was a child and there he entered Milton College but before finishing the course enlisted in the Union army, serving until the close of the war. Returning to Janesville he studied law and was admitted to the bar but afterwards took the full course in the Law Department of the State University of Michigan. In 1868 he located at Boone, Iowa. In 1881 he was elected to the House of the Nineteenth General Assembly, serving one term. In 1882 he was elected to Congress on the Republican ticket and twice reelected, serving six years. He died January 23, 1902.

WILLIAM H. HOLMES was born at Woodstock, New York, December 27, 1827. He received a common school education and, in the spring of 1852, became a resident of Jones County, Iowa, where he engaged in surveying and farming. In 1854 he was elected as a ‘Free Soil' Whig to represent Jones County in the House of the Fifth General Assembly. He supported the bill to remove the Capital from Iowa City to Des Moines and was reelected, serving two terms, having become a Republican upon the organization of that party. In 1859 he was chosen county judge. In 1861 he was elected to the State Senate where he served until October, 1862, in that position. He was one of the trustees of the State Agricultural College for several years and president of the board. In 1883 he removed to Nebraska where he served as county judge. He died at Neligh in that State December 14, 1895.

ASA HORR, scholar and scientist, was born at Worthington, Ohio, September 2, 1817. His education began early and he remained a student of science throughout his life. Trained as a physician and surgeon in which profession he attained distinction, he at the same time investigated many branches of science. He became a resident of Iowa as early as 1847, settling in Dubuque which became his permanent home. He was the leader in the organization and promotion of the Iowa Institute of Science and Art which was organized at Dubuque, and was its president for many years. He was one of the one hundred American and English short-hand writers who were chosen to make improvements in phonography. Dr. Horr was president of the Dubuque and Cedar Valley Medical Societies and was an excellent botanist; for more than twenty years he was one of the leading observers for the Smithsonian Institution. He was also interested in geology, mineralogy and astronomy, and gave particular attention to meteorology. To him and Professor Lapham of Milwaukee is due the present method of forecasting the weather, used by the Government. He was a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Dr. Horr was especially successful in bringing the sciences to the comprehension of those without scientific knowledge, and donated four hundred volumes of valuable books to the Historical Department of Iowa. He died at his home in Dubuque, June 2, 1896.

CHARLES C. HORTON was born January 13, 1839, at Goshen, Orange County, New York. He came with his father to Iowa in 1848, locating at Muscatine where he attended the public and private schools. In 1857 he returned to New York and entered Delaware Collegiate Institute at Franklin, graduating in the literary and scientific course in 1859. In 1861, Mr. Horton enlisted as a private in Company A, Second Iowa Cavalry, where he won rapid promotion to first lieutenant. In June, 1862, he was promoted to captain and was in command of a battalion most of the time until he was commissioned major in 1863. He was in command of the regiment at times and in 1864 was promoted to lieutenant-colonel. From this time he was in command of the regiment or a brigade until mustered out in 1865. He participated in the following engagements: New Madrid, Island Number Ten, Booneville, Framington, Corinth, Iuka, Tupelo, Jackson and Nashville, where the Second Brigade charged upon and captured the first two forts taken in that battle and its flag was the first planted upon the works. Colonel Horton was wounded in the engagement at Coldwater. In 1880 Colonel Horton was appointed special agent of the United States Land Office, resigning to become special examiner of the Pension Bureau, in which position he served fifteen years. In 1873 he was elected on the Republican ticket Representative in the Fifteenth General Assembly, serving by reelection two terms. He was the author of bills creating a School for Feeble Minded Children at Glenwood, and one to consolidate the Soldiers' and Orphans' Homes at Davenport. In 1897 Colonel Horton was appointed commandant of the Soldiers' Home at Marshalltown.

HENRY HOSPERS was born in Hoog Blokland, the Netherlands, February 6, 1830. He came to America in 1840, locating at Pella, in Marion County, Iowa. Here he taught the first school and established the first newspaper in the Dutch language. In 1870 a new colony was formed in Sioux County where a large tract of land was acquired and Orange City was laid out. Of this colony Mr. Hospers became the leader. The county had been under the control of unscrupulous adventurers and under the lead of Mr. Hospers the county government was reformed and the finances honestly managed. He was elected to the House of Representatives of the Twenty-second and Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh General Assemblies representing the district composed of the counties of Lyon, Osceola, Sioux and O'Brien. Mr. Hospers was deeply interested in education and good government and as long as he lived wielded great influence in the Sioux County colony which he led to northwestern Iowa when that region was one vast, wild prairie. He died October 21, 1901.

EMERSON HOUGH was born at Newton, Iowa, June 28, 1857. He graduated at the State University and in 1880 traveled extensively through the wildest portions of the west, exploring the Yellowstone Park on snow shoes. It was largely due to this trip that the act was passed by Congress for the protection of the buffalo. Since 1889 Mr. Hough has been western manager of FOREST AND STREAM. He is best known through his graphic pictures of the west of twenty years ago. The ‘Story of a Cowboy' is in truth a history of a class that will soon be extinct. ‘The Girl of the Halfway House' is also a strong story of the west. ‘The Mississippi Bubble' is his latest work.

NOEL B. HOWARD was born in Vermont in 1838 and educated at the Norwich Military Academy. He went south and for a time taught in a military school in one of the Atlantic southern States. Coming to Iowa in 1860 he was located at Lyons when the Civil War began. He enlisted in Company I, Second Iowa Infantry in May, 1861, and was elected first lieutenant. He was in the Battle of Shiloh and promoted immediately after to captain of the company. In October, 1862 he was promoted to major of the regiment. In 1864 he became lieutenant-colonel and soon after colonel of the regiment and at the Battle of Atlanta he was severely wounded. He served with distinction in Sherman's campaign through the Gulf and Atlantic States and retires at the close of the war with a fine reputation as an officer.

ORLANDO C. HOWE is a name that will be for all time associated with the greatest tragedy of Iowa history. He was born at Williamstown, Vermont, on the 19 th of December, 1824, was educated at Aurora Academy in the State of New York and studied law at Buffalo, where he was admitted to the bar. Mr. Howe came to Newton, Iowa, in 1855. In the fall of 1856, he, in company with his brother-in-law, B. F. Parmenter and R. U. Wheelock made a trip up through the wild prairie regions of northwestern Iowa. They camped on the shore of west Okoboji, and were so charmed with the beautiful lakes and groves that each took a claim, intending to return and make homes the nest spring. Early in March they again arrived at the lakes and were horror-stricken by the discovery that the little colony that had settled there the year before had been massacred by the Sioux Indians. Not one remained alive to tell of the cruel fate that had exterminated the entire settlement. The three horror-stricken men hastened back to Fort Dodge, spread the alarm among the isolated cabins on the way, helped to organize the ‘Relief Expedition' under command of Major Williams and joined in its terrible march and endured its almost unparalleled sufferings. When the Indians had been permanently driven from Iowa, Mr. Howe returned to his claim, making it his home. In 1858 he was chosen District Attorney, serving four years. When the Civil War came, Mr. Howe raised a company of cavalry which was Company L, Ninth Iowa, in which he served to the close of the war. From 1875 to 1880 he was Professor of Law in the State University at Iowa City. Later he removed to Barber County, Kansas, where he became county attorney and was for several years district judge. In August, 1899, he became insane and died at Topeka, on the 31 st of that month, highly esteemed by all who knew him. His name is inscribed on the monument at Okoboji, erected by the State, in memory of the massacre of 1857.

SAMUEL A. HOWE, pioneer educator, was born in Vermont in 1808. He early removed to Ohio and engaged in teaching where John Sherman and William T. Sherman were among his pupils. He resolved to secure a liberal education and defrayed the greater part of his expenses through Athens University by work about the institution. After completing his literary studies he turned his attention to law, but soon abandoned this and began teaching. He established a reputation as an educator and inspirer of youth, as we find General Sherman saying on his march to the sea:

‘Professor Howe I consider to be the best teacher in the United States. I am more indebted to him for my start in life than to any other man in America.'

Ex-Governor Alvin Saunders of Nebraska wrote to Mr. Howe's son: ‘It is to the kindness of your father that I am indebted for much of the success of my life.' In 1841 Professor Howe removed to Iowa and located near Mount Pleasant, teaching in a log school-house the following winter. In 1843 he removed his school to Mount Pleasant and there being no other accommodations it was located in the upper room of the old log jail. In 1844 the school was temporarily removed to the Cumberland Presbyterian church and the following year was transferred to the Academy building erected for the purpose, where it still remains, having an unbroken record of over fifty years of continuous existence, making it probably the oldest continuously operated school in the State. After the dissolution of the Whig party Professor Howe became a Free Soiler. In 1848 he became a stockholder in the only antislavery paper in the Northwest, the IOWA FREEMAN. During the presidential campaign of 1856 it was one of the most influential advocates of the principles of the Republican party. He was a firm believer in woman suffrage, temperance, the abolition of the death penalty and was strongly opposed to land monopoly. During his early advocacy of abolition of slavery he suffered much persecution, having property destroyed and was finally mobbed by pro-slavery ruffians on the streets of Mount Pleasant. Professor Howe defied persecution, hatred, loss of property and social ostracism and stood firmly by his principles through life. He died in Mount Pleasant, February 15, 1877.

JAMES B. HOWELL was born near Morristown, New Jersey, on the 4 th of July, 1816. His father removed to Ohio in 1819, where he became a member of the State Senate and afterwards member of Congress. James was sent to the Miami University from which he graduated in 1837, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1839. In 1841 he came to Keosauqua, Iowa, where he opened a law office and afterwards became a partner of James Hall. In 1846 he was the Whig candidate for district judge but was defeated. In 1845, he, with J. H. Cowles purchased the DES MOINES VALLEY WHIG and soon after gave most of his time to the editorial management of that paper which had a large circulation in that part of the State. In 1849 the paper was removed to Keokuk where in time it became the DAILY GATE CITY. Mr. Howell had long been one of the most influential Republican editors in the State and in 1870 he was elected by the General Assembly to fill the vacancy in the United States Senate for the unexpired term of James W. Grimes. At the expiration of the fractional term in 1871, Mr. Howell was appointed by President Grant one of the three judges of the Court of Southern Claims which he held until a short time before his death which occurred on the 17 th of June, 1880.

ASAHEL W. HUBBARD was born at Haddam, Connecticut, January 18, 1819. He was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools. After teaching for a few months in Rushville, Indiana, he began to study law. There he practiced his profession sixteen years. In 1847 he was elected to the State Senate, serving three years. In 1857 he removed to Sioux City, Iowa, and the following year was elected judge of the Fourth Judicial District, serving four years. In 1862 he was nominated by the Republicans of the Sixth District for Representative in Congress. The district then extended from Black Hawk County west to the Missouri River and from Boone County to the Minnesota line, embracing one-third of the counties of the State. Judge Hubbard was elected and twice reelected, serving six years. He was influential in securing legislation which hastened the building of several lines of railroad through his district, besides securing to Sioux City a branch of the Union Pacific Railroad. He was one of the founders of the First National Bank of Sioux City and its president many years. Judge Hubbard died on the 22d of September, 1879.

ELBERT H. HUBBARD was born in Rushville, Indiana, August 19, 1849, and received his education in the common schools and at Yale College, In Connecticut. He came with his father (Judge A. W. Hubbard), to Iowa in 1856, the family locating at Sioux City. E. H. Hubbard studied law with C. R. marks and was admitted to the bar in 1874, beginning practice with his preceptor. He became one of the prominent lawyers of Sioux City and one of the influential leaders of the Republican party in that section of the State. In 1881 he was elected Representative in the Nineteenth General Assembly and in 1899 was elected to the State Senate, serving in the Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth General Assemblies.

NATHANIEL M. HUBBARD was born in Oswego, New York, September 24, 1829. He was reared on a farm, acquired a good education and taught school. He graduated at the Alfred, New York, University and studied law, coming to Iowa in April, 1854, locating at Marion in Linn County where he began the practice of his profession. In February, 1856, he was a delegate to the State Convention which met at Iowa City and organized the Republican part of Iowa. In August, 1862, he raised a military company for the Twentieth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, of which he was chosen captain, serving under General Francis J. Herron. In March, 1863, he was promoted to judge advocate on the staff of General Herron and served in the army until April, 1865, when he was brevetted major. In November, 1865, he was appointed district judge but resigned the following year to accept the position of attorney for the Northwestern Railway Company. For many years he was the Iowa attorney for that company and long ranked among the ablest lawyers in the State. He was for more than a quarter of a century one of the most influential leaders of the Republican party in Iowa. He died at his home in Cedar Rapids, June 12, 1902.

SILAS A. HUDSON was born in Mason County, Kentucky, December 13, 1815, and came to Iowa in 1839, locating at Burlington. He was a clerk in one of the early Territorial Legislatures and was chief clerk of the House of the First General Assembly of the State in 1846. He drafted the charter of the city of Burlington and ordinances under which it was governed for twenty years. Mr. Hudson was an intimate friend of George D. Prentice, Horace Greeley, Abraham Lincoln and General U. S. Grant and was instrumental in making the arrangements under which Lincoln went to New York and made his great Cooper Institute speech which led to his nomination for President. He was a cousin of General Grant, whom he knew from boyhood. After General Grant became President, he appointed Mr. Hudson Minister to the Central American States, a position he held until 1872. He died at Burlington on the 19 th of December, 1896.

JOSEPH C. HUGHES was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, April 1, 1821. He completed his collegiate course at Jefferson College, Cannonsburg, and was a graduate in medicine of the University of Maryland. In 1845 he located at Mount Vernon, Ohio, and five years later became demonstrator in anatomy in the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Keokuk, Iowa, then the Medical Department of the State University. In 1851 he was elected to fill the chair of anatomy and the following year became dean of the faculty. In 1853 he was elected to the chair of surgery which he held for many years. For three sessions he performed double duty, lecturing often three times a day and to him is largely due the upbuilding of the institution in early days. Dr. Hughes also founded a medical and surgical infirmary and an eye and ear institute in connection with the college and under his management. At the beginning of the Civil War, Dr. Hughes was appointed Surgeon-General for Iowa, a position he held until peace was established. He organized and had personal charge of the army hospitals at Keokuk which were among the largest in the west, having as many as 2,000 patients within the wards at one time. Dr. Hughes was also president of the Board of Medical Examiners during the war. In 1866 he was elected on of the vice-presidents of the American Medical Association and was its delegate to the British Association for the Promotion of Science, the Provincial Medical Association of Great Britain and the American Medical Society of Paris. He was twice president of the State Medical Society of Iowa and for a time editor of the IOWA MEDICAL JOURNAL.

JOHN A. T. HULL was born in Sabrina, Clinton County, Ohio, May 1, 1841. His father removed to Iowa in 1849, locating in Van Buren County. The son received his education at the Mount Pleasant Wesleyan College and graduated from the Cincinnati Law School in 1862. He then enlisted in the Union army, was chosen first lieutenant of Company C, Twenty-third Iowa Infantry, and was in November promoted to captain. Mr. Hull was wounded in the Battle of Black River Bridge, May 17, 1863, and in October resigned on account of his wounds. He was for several years editor of the BLOOMFIELD REPUBLICAN and in 1872 was chosen secretary of the State Senate, which position he continued to hold until the close of the session of 1878. In the summer of that year he was nominated by the Republican State Convention for Secretary of State and elected, serving in that office for three terms. In 1885, he was the Republican candidate for Lieutenant-Governor and was elected, serving four years. In 1889 he was a prominent candidate before the Republican State Convention for Governor but was unsuccessful. In 1892 he was elected Representative in Congress for the Seventh District and has been reelected continuously to the close of the Nineteenth century. As chairman of the committee on military affairs, he became one of the most influential members during the War with Spain and the Phillippine Islands.

JOHN D. HUNTER, pioneer journalist, was born August 12, 1834, at Knoxville, Jefferson County, Ohio. His early education was acquired in the public schools and closed with two years in Ashland Academy. At the age of fifteen he entered his father's printing office where he learned the trade, and when twenty, he issued the first number of the HOOSIER BANNER. He came to Iowa in 1856, locating in 1858 at Eldora where he purchased a half interest in the HARDIN COUNTY SENTINEL. He held a number of positions of trust in the county, and in 1863 removed his paper to Iowa Falls. When the Civil War began Mr. Hunter resigned the office of county treasurer to enter the army where he served until peace was restored. In 1867 he purchased the HAMILTON FREEMAN, removing to Webster City which became his permanent home, where he has conducted that journal for more than thirty-six years. He was elected to the House of the Twelfth General Assembly, representing the district composed of the counties of Wright, Hamilton, Franklin and Hancock, and serving two terms. Mr. Hunter was the author of the first bill introduced into the Iowa General Assembly providing for a Board of Control for the management of the State Institutions. A favorable report was made by the committee to which the bill was referred, but it was defeated in the House. He will be remembered long in the annals of wise legislation as the originator of the plan which after many years of consideration by Governors and legislators was enacted into law, working a great reform in the government of the public institutions of the State. It has been already demonstrated that the adoption of Mr. Hunter's bill of thirty years ago would have saved to the State millions of dollars without in any way having detracted from the efficiency of the institutions. In 1872 Mr. Hunter was appointed trustee of the Iowa Reform School.

JAMES S. HURLEY was of Quaker ancestry, and was born in Champaign County, Ohio, May 18, 1829. In 1840 the family removed to Iowa, locating in Wapello, Louisa County. His early education was acquired in the public schools and in 1852 he entered the academic department of Knox College at Galesburg, Illinois. In 1853 he entered a law school and was admitted to the bar in 1854, serving the following year as prosecuting attorney for the county. In 1861 he was elected to the State Senate and during his term secured the passage of a bill for the settlement of the long pending swamp land claims. Under the provisions of this act a large amount of swamp land was reclaimed. As chairman of the committee on State Library in the session of 1864, Senator Hurley secured the enactment of laws greatly improving the library. He was one of the originators of the railroad from Burlington to Cedar Rapids and became a director of the company and member of the executive committee. In 1869 Mr. Hurley was again elected to the Senate where he was chairman of the committee on public lands. In 1872 he was chairman of the judiciary committee being the author of important changes in the judicial system. He was also the author of the act of that session regulating the taxation of railroad property. Mr. Hurley died many years ago.

STILSON HUTCHINS, journalist, was born at Whitefield, New Hampshire, in November, 1838, and was educated in the Boston High schools, preparatory schools, and graduated at Harvard University. In November, 1854, he came to Iowa, first locating at Osage, in Mitchell County, where he established the NORTH IOWAN, which he published until about the year 1860 when he removed to Des Moines and purchased the STATE JOURNAL, a Democratic paper founded by William Porter. Under the energetic management of Mr. Hutchins the JOURNAL became one of the leading Democratic papers of the State and its proprietor acquired wide influence in his party. After a few years Mr. Hutchins disposed of the JOURNAL, removing to Dubuque where for four years he was editor and proprietor of the DAILY HERALD. In 1866 Mr. Hutchins removed to St. Louis and established the DAILY TIMES which he published until 1877. During this time he was a member of the Missouri Legislature. Returning to New Hampshire he served a term in the Legislature in 1880. Soon after he went to Washington, D. C. and established the WASHINGTON POST which became the leading daily paper at the National Capital. For many years he has been engaged in large business enterprises in that city.

JAMES G. HUTCHISON was born September 11, 1849, in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania. He received a liberal education, graduating at Dickinson Seminary in 1862 after taking a four years' course. He entered the army as first lieutenant, One Hundred Thirty-first Volunteer Infantry, serving in the Army of the Potomac at the great battles of Fredericksburg, Antietam and Chancellorsville. He took part in the Gettysburg campaign as captain in the Twenty-eighth Infantry, called out to repel the Confederate invasion of Pennsylvania and received special mention for bravery in the assault on Maryes Hill at the Battle of Fredericksburg. Returning from the war he graduated from the Cleveland Law School and removed to Iowa, locating at Ottumwa where he entered into partnership with Hon. E. H. Stiles. In 1879 Captain Hutchinson was elected on the Republican ticket Representative in the House of the Eighteenth General Assembly. In 1881 he was elected to the State Senate where by reelection he served eight years. He was the author of the law for registering voters which has become the settled policy of the State. As a member of the committees on judiciary, appropriations and chairman of ways and means he became the leader of the Senate and by wise measures relieved the State from a large indebtedness during his term of service. In 1889 he was nominated for Governor by the Republican State Convention at the time when there was a large defection from the party on prohibition. Mr. Hutchison made a strong canvas, standing manfully upon the prohibition platform adopted by his party, but the defection of the saloon element of the Republicans which went to the support of the Democratic candidate, elected Horace Boies Governor. Captain Hutchison was for seven years president of the Ottumwa National Bank and has for a quarter of a century been the promoter of large business enterprises in Ottumwa.