He is number 351 in the de Treytorrens genealogy. He served on the cour baillivale d'Yverdon, but relocated to Moudon. He was wounded in the Guerre des Paysans (1653) and fought at the first battle of Villmergen, 1656.
The notary Isaac Dutoit referred to David De Treytorrens as his uncle, and indicated that he had spent a great deal of time resolving financial issues of his estate, requiring visits to Cudrefin, Yverdon, and Lausanne. He was vidomne of Moudon and Châtelain de Chavannes in 1666. Bourgeois de Moudon 09 may 1661, succeeded his father-in-law ( Jean Decristaz, "décédé dernierement") as a justice on the court of Moudon 23 apr 1662, and appointed Vidomne de Moudon and Châtelain de Chavannes 27 may 1662.
He probably died before 02 may 1693, for a list of the members of the cour de justice of Moudon on that date (ACV BIL 55) does not mention him. Perhaps not coincidentally, this is also the first list of the members of the court that includes Isaac Dutoit. The relationship between David de Treytorrens and Isaac Dutoit arises from the fact that their mothers were from the Buttet family; they were first cousins once removed.
_Henri DE TREYTORRENS _+ | _Légier DE TREYTORRENS _| | (1552 - 1618) m 1580 | | |_Claudaz CHAILLET _____ | _Tobie DE TREYTORRENS _| | (1583 - 1628) m 1610 | | | _Humbert DE MOLIN _____ | | | (.... - 1693) | |_Nicolarde DE MOLIN ____| | (1564 - 1639) m 1580 | | |_Françoise BOURGEOIS __ | | |--David DE TREYTORRENS | (1627 - 1693) | _Antoine BUTTET _______ | | (.... - 1585) m 1563 | _Guillaume BUTTET ______| | | (.... - 1625) m 1588 | | | |_Marie DEMIERRE _______+ | | m 1563 |_Claudaz BUTTET _______| (.... - 1663) m 1610 | | _Daniel NICOD-ARNAUD __+ | | m 1563 |_Eve NICOD-ARNAUD ______| m 1588 | |_Susanne SAVATAIRE ____+ m 1563
_Guillaume DE TREYTORRENS _+ | (.... - 1598) _Abraham DE TREYTORRENS _| | (1568 - 1655) m 1592 | | |_Marie ROSSALLAT __________ | _Guillaume DE TREYTORRENS _| | (.... - 1642) m 1625 | | | _Claude RUÉRAT ____________ | | | | |_Marguerite RUÉRAT ______| | m 1592 | | |___________________________ | | |--David DE TREYTORRENS | | _François ROUGE ___________+ | | (1550 - 1617) m 1574 | _Jean ROUGE _____________| | | (1580 - 1640) m 1600 | | | |_Anne BERTHOD _____________+ | | (.... - 1609) m 1574 |_Magdelaine ROUGE _________| (.... - 1642) m 1625 | | _Pettermand PLANCHE _______+ | | (1547 - 1588) m 1578 |_Anne PLANCHE ___________| m 1600 | |_Jacobe GACHET ____________+ (1540 - ....) m 1578
He spent his last years in Lausanne, where his testament was recorded by Jean Daniel Caillet, notary, 23 jul 1724. He names as heirs his children François Nicolas, Abraham, Frederich, and Marie Anne from his first marriage, and David and César Olivier from his second. The other children by his first marriage had apparently all died without issue.
_Abraham DE TREYTORRENS _+ | (1568 - 1655) m 1592 _Guillaume DE TREYTORRENS _| | (.... - 1642) m 1625 | | |_Marguerite RUÉRAT ______+ | m 1592 _Isaac DE TREYTORRENS _| | m 1646 | | | _Jean ROUGE _____________+ | | | (1580 - 1640) m 1600 | |_Magdelaine ROUGE _________| | (.... - 1642) m 1625 | | |_Anne PLANCHE ___________+ | m 1600 | |--David DE TREYTORRENS | (.... - 1724) | _________________________ | | | _Moyse BIOLLEY ____________| | | | | | |_________________________ | | |_Andrée BIOLLEY _______| (.... - 1686) m 1646 | | _Josué GACHET ___________+ | | (1558 - 1621) m 1597 |_Marguerite GACHET ________| | |_Jeanne MORATEL _________+ (.... - 1628) m 1597
_Abraham DE TREYTORRENS _+ | (1568 - 1655) m 1592 _Guillaume DE TREYTORRENS _| | (.... - 1642) m 1625 | | |_Marguerite RUÉRAT ______+ | m 1592 _David DE TREYTORRENS _____| | m 1655 | | | _Jean ROUGE _____________+ | | | (1580 - 1640) m 1600 | |_Magdelaine ROUGE _________| | (.... - 1642) m 1625 | | |_Anne PLANCHE ___________+ | m 1600 | |--David DE TREYTORRENS | | _________________________ | | | _Jean MESTRAL _____________| | | | | | |_________________________ | | |_Marie Magdelaine MESTRAL _| m 1655 | | _________________________ | | |_Marguerite FIVAZ _________| | |_________________________
Not named in his mother's testament of 1712, thus probably already deceased.
_Guillaume DE TREYTORRENS _+ | (.... - 1642) m 1625 _Isaac DE TREYTORRENS _| | m 1646 | | |_Magdelaine ROUGE _________+ | (.... - 1642) m 1625 _David DE TREYTORRENS _| | (.... - 1724) m 1672 | | | _Moyse BIOLLEY ____________ | | | | |_Andrée BIOLLEY _______| | (.... - 1686) m 1646 | | |_Marguerite GACHET ________+ | | |--David DE TREYTORRENS | | ___________________________ | | | _______________________| | | | | | |___________________________ | | |_Jeanne Marie MESTRAL _| m 1672 | | ___________________________ | | |_______________________| | |___________________________
_Guillaume DE TREYTORRENS _+ | (.... - 1642) m 1625 _Isaac DE TREYTORRENS _| | m 1646 | | |_Magdelaine ROUGE _________+ | (.... - 1642) m 1625 _David DE TREYTORRENS _| | (.... - 1724) m 1713 | | | _Moyse BIOLLEY ____________ | | | | |_Andrée BIOLLEY _______| | (.... - 1686) m 1646 | | |_Marguerite GACHET ________+ | | |--David DE TREYTORRENS | (.... - 1780) | ___________________________ | | | _Joseph Franz MANLICH _| | | | | | |___________________________ | | |_Magdelena MANLICH ____| m 1713 | | ___________________________ | | |_Elizabeth DE LOYS ____| | |___________________________
He is number 516 in the de Treytorrens genealogy.
_____________________ | _François DE TREYTORRENS _| | | | |_____________________ | _Samuel DE TREYTORRENS _| | (.... - 1595) m 1626 | | | _____________________ | | | | |__________________________| | | | |_____________________ | | |--Elisée DE TREYTORRENS | | _François ROUGEMONT _+ | | | _Guillaume ROUGEMONT _____| | | (1558 - 1627) | | | |_____________________ | | |_Susanne ROUGEMONT _____| (1610 - ....) m 1626 | | _Jean ROGNON ________ | | |_Claudaz ROGNON __________| | |_____________________
She was the residual heir of her father mentioned by the notary Isaac Dutoit in the 1720's, as Estiennaz Barbille De Treytorrens, wife of François Louis De Treytorrens, Châtelain of Cudrefin. The same notary recorded a sale 20 oct 1696 (ACV DL 37/7 fol. 15) in which Anthoine Carran purchases a house from Susanne Decristaz, widow of the late David de Treytorrens, a property held jointly with François Louis de Treytorrens and his wife Estienne Barbille de Treytorrens, daughter of the late David de Treytorrens. Her marriage does not seem to be recorded at Cudrefin, but the published genealogy places it there 14 oct 1691. Traditional genealogy makes her the mother of Barbille, wife of Samuel Gachet, but the dates make this impossible.
[14505] Published genealogy also notes existence of contract, 21 sep 1691, but fails to mention the name of the notary or the location where the contract was drawn up.
_Légier DE TREYTORRENS _+ | (1552 - 1618) m 1580 _Tobie DE TREYTORRENS _| | (1583 - 1628) m 1610 | | |_Nicolarde DE MOLIN ____+ | (1564 - 1639) m 1580 _David DE TREYTORRENS _| | (1627 - 1693) m 1653 | | | _Guillaume BUTTET ______+ | | | (.... - 1625) m 1588 | |_Claudaz BUTTET _______| | (.... - 1663) m 1610 | | |_Eve NICOD-ARNAUD ______+ | m 1588 | |--Estiennaz (Barbille) DE TREYTORRENS | (.... - 1701) | _Baltazard DECRISTAZ ___ | | (1570 - 1643) | _Jean DECRISTAZ _______| | | (.... - 1662) | | | |_Susanne _____ _________ | | (.... - 1607) |_Susanne DECRISTAZ ____| m 1653 | | ________________________ | | |_Marie DUTOIT _________| (1620 - 1660) | |________________________
He is number 494 in the de Treytorrens genealogy. He may be a descendant of Guillauma De Treytorrens (number 490 in the published genealogy), daughter of Perronet De Treytorrens (number 302) and his wife Perronette. Guillauma was the wife of Guillerme de Pontheys, bourgeois de Grandson, and they had at least one son Nicolas de Pontheys alias Tretorens, who died in 1554. It may be that Nicolas de Pontheys assumed the name De Treytorrens and that the present François is his son. No other parentage seems to have been suggested.
He is number 90 in the de Treytorrens genealogy.
_Guyonnet DE TREYTORRENS _+ | (.... - 1458) _Barthélemy DE TREYTORRENS _| | (.... - 1482) | | |_Marguerite BENETON ______ | _Guillaume DE TREYTORRENS _| | (1462 - 1545) | | | _Girard HUGONET __________+ | | | (1385 - 1466) | |_Mermete HUGONET ___________| | | | |_Andrivete GACHET ________+ | (.... - 1456) | |--François DE TREYTORRENS | (.... - 1566) | __________________________ | | | ____________________________| | | | | | |__________________________ | | |_Isabelle VAUCHERAT _______| | | __________________________ | | |____________________________| | |__________________________
_Guillaume DE TREYTORRENS _+ | (1462 - 1545) _François DE TREYTORRENS _| | (.... - 1566) | | |_Isabelle VAUCHERAT _______ | _Guillaume DE TREYTORRENS _| | (.... - 1598) | | | ___________________________ | | | | |_Ambroise DE BRUEL _______| | | | |___________________________ | | |--François DE TREYTORRENS | (1566 - 1627) | ___________________________ | | | __________________________| | | | | | |___________________________ | | |_Marie ROSSALLAT __________| | | ___________________________ | | |__________________________| | |___________________________
He is number 508 in the de Treytorrens genealogy.
__ | _François DE TREYTORRENS _| | | | |__ | _Samuel DE TREYTORRENS _| | (.... - 1595) | | | __ | | | | |__________________________| | | | |__ | | |--François DE TREYTORRENS | (.... - 1673) | __ | | | __________________________| | | | | | |__ | | |________________________| | | __ | | |__________________________| | |__
_Henri DE TREYTORRENS _+ | _Légier DE TREYTORRENS _| | (1552 - 1618) m 1580 | | |_Claudaz CHAILLET _____ | _Tobie DE TREYTORRENS _| | (1583 - 1628) m 1610 | | | _Humbert DE MOLIN _____ | | | (.... - 1693) | |_Nicolarde DE MOLIN ____| | (1564 - 1639) m 1580 | | |_Françoise BOURGEOIS __ | | |--François DE TREYTORRENS | (1613 - 1623) | _Antoine BUTTET _______ | | (.... - 1585) m 1563 | _Guillaume BUTTET ______| | | (.... - 1625) m 1588 | | | |_Marie DEMIERRE _______+ | | m 1563 |_Claudaz BUTTET _______| (.... - 1663) m 1610 | | _Daniel NICOD-ARNAUD __+ | | m 1563 |_Eve NICOD-ARNAUD ______| m 1588 | |_Susanne SAVATAIRE ____+ m 1563
Curial de Cudrefin, 1717.
_Benedict DE TREYTORRENS _ | _Benedict DE TREYTORRENS _| | (.... - 1676) m 1658 | | |__________________________ | _François Louis DE TREYTORRENS _______| | (1662 - 1722) m 1691 | | | __________________________ | | | | |_Marguerite DE BORSENS ___| | m 1658 | | |__________________________ | | |--François Emmanuel DE TREYTORRENS | (.... - 1728) | _Tobie DE TREYTORRENS ____+ | | (1583 - 1628) m 1610 | _David DE TREYTORRENS ____| | | (1627 - 1693) m 1653 | | | |_Claudaz BUTTET __________+ | | (.... - 1663) m 1610 |_Estiennaz (Barbille) DE TREYTORRENS _| (.... - 1701) m 1691 | | _Jean DECRISTAZ __________+ | | (.... - 1662) |_Susanne DECRISTAZ _______| m 1653 | |_Marie DUTOIT ____________ (1620 - 1660)
Died accidentally in Saxony.
_Légier DE TREYTORRENS _+ | (1552 - 1618) m 1580 _Tobie DE TREYTORRENS _| | (1583 - 1628) m 1610 | | |_Nicolarde DE MOLIN ____+ | (1564 - 1639) m 1580 _David DE TREYTORRENS _| | (1627 - 1693) m 1653 | | | _Guillaume BUTTET ______+ | | | (.... - 1625) m 1588 | |_Claudaz BUTTET _______| | (.... - 1663) m 1610 | | |_Eve NICOD-ARNAUD ______+ | m 1588 | |--François Louis DE TREYTORRENS | (1657 - 1671) | _Baltazard DECRISTAZ ___ | | (1570 - 1643) | _Jean DECRISTAZ _______| | | (.... - 1662) | | | |_Susanne _____ _________ | | (.... - 1607) |_Susanne DECRISTAZ ____| m 1653 | | ________________________ | | |_Marie DUTOIT _________| (1620 - 1660) | |________________________
Some possible references in the church registers at Cudrefin are ambiguous at best, but it appears he was identified as Mayor of Cudrefin from at least 1681 and Châtelain from at least 1692 until his last mention late in 1712.
With his wife Estienne Barbille de Treytorrens, and his mother-in-law Susanne Decristaz, widow of Noble David de Treytorrens, he sold the family house in Moudon to Antoine Carran. The same house, near the Church of St. Etienne, later came into possession of the notary who recorded this transaction, Isaac Dutoit (ACV DL 37/7).
[14506] The record in the church register is damaged and very difficult to read.
[14505] Published genealogy also notes existence of contract, 21 sep 1691, but fails to mention the name of the notary or the location where the contract was drawn up.
__ | _Benedict DE TREYTORRENS _| | | | |__ | _Benedict DE TREYTORRENS _| | (.... - 1676) m 1658 | | | __ | | | | |__________________________| | | | |__ | | |--François Louis DE TREYTORRENS | (1662 - 1722) | __ | | | __________________________| | | | | | |__ | | |_Marguerite DE BORSENS ___| m 1658 | | __ | | |__________________________| | |__
_Guillaume DE TREYTORRENS _+ | (.... - 1642) m 1625 _Isaac DE TREYTORRENS _| | m 1646 | | |_Magdelaine ROUGE _________+ | (.... - 1642) m 1625 _David DE TREYTORRENS _| | (.... - 1724) m 1672 | | | _Moyse BIOLLEY ____________ | | | | |_Andrée BIOLLEY _______| | (.... - 1686) m 1646 | | |_Marguerite GACHET ________+ | | |--François Nicolas DE TREYTORRENS | | ___________________________ | | | _______________________| | | | | | |___________________________ | | |_Jeanne Marie MESTRAL _| m 1672 | | ___________________________ | | |_______________________| | |___________________________
Not named in her mother's testament of 1712, thus probably already deceased.
_Guillaume DE TREYTORRENS _+ | (.... - 1642) m 1625 _Isaac DE TREYTORRENS _| | m 1646 | | |_Magdelaine ROUGE _________+ | (.... - 1642) m 1625 _David DE TREYTORRENS _| | (.... - 1724) m 1672 | | | _Moyse BIOLLEY ____________ | | | | |_Andrée BIOLLEY _______| | (.... - 1686) m 1646 | | |_Marguerite GACHET ________+ | | |--Françoise DE TREYTORRENS | | ___________________________ | | | _______________________| | | | | | |___________________________ | | |_Jeanne Marie MESTRAL _| m 1672 | | ___________________________ | | |_______________________| | |___________________________
_Guillaume DE TREYTORRENS _+ | (.... - 1642) m 1625 _Isaac DE TREYTORRENS _| | m 1646 | | |_Magdelaine ROUGE _________+ | (.... - 1642) m 1625 _David DE TREYTORRENS _| | (.... - 1724) m 1672 | | | _Moyse BIOLLEY ____________ | | | | |_Andrée BIOLLEY _______| | (.... - 1686) m 1646 | | |_Marguerite GACHET ________+ | | |--Frédéric DE TREYTORRENS | (1692 - 1735) | ___________________________ | | | _______________________| | | | | | |___________________________ | | |_Jeanne Marie MESTRAL _| m 1672 | | ___________________________ | | |_______________________| | |___________________________
_Jean DE TREYTORRENS _+ | (.... - 1428) _Guyonnet DE TREYTORRENS _| | (.... - 1458) | | |_Françoise _____ _____ | _Barthélemy DE TREYTORRENS _| | (.... - 1482) | | | ______________________ | | | | |_Marguerite BENETON ______| | | | |______________________ | | |--Girard DE TREYTORRENS | | _Johannes HUGONET ____ | | (.... - 1438) | _Girard HUGONET __________| | | (1385 - 1466) | | | |_Mermeta _____ _______ | | |_Mermete HUGONET ___________| | | _Petrus GACHET _______+ | | (1371 - 1450) m 1409 |_Andrivete GACHET ________| (.... - 1456) | |_Francesia CROSTEL ___+ (1392 - 1450) m 1409
He is number 75 in the de Treytorrens genealogy. In 1476, he was "lieutenant de l'avoué", representing Jaques de Savoie, comte de Romont, who had been awarded the city of Payerne as his apanage. He held various offices as late as the 1480's.
_Mermet DE TREYTORRENS _+ | (.... - 1383) _Uldriod DE TREYTORRENS _| | | | |________________________ | _Henri DE TREYTORRENS _| | | | | ________________________ | | | | |_________________________| | | | |________________________ | | |--Girard DE TREYTORRENS | (.... - 1492) | ________________________ | | | _________________________| | | | | | |________________________ | | |_Nicolette PUDRAUD ____| | | ________________________ | | |_________________________| | |________________________
The de Treytorrens genealogy, in which he appears as number 87, gives him a brilliant career and two wives, Isabelle Vaucheret (widow of Pierre de Vevey, who may have used the alias Ramuz) and Marguerite Ramuz. However, we have come to believe that he must be the Guillaume de Treytorrens who married, perhaps about 1496, Julie Bonoesa, whom Peter Falk had courted unsuccessfully. Julie was still the wife of Guillaume in 1513 when Peter Falk met him in Rome, where he was serving as "Gardeknecht" for the papal guards, and the two men later exchanged letters. Guillaume called Peter "cousin". The scanty documentation seems to leave room for Julie between Guillaume's wives Isabelle and Marguerite.
Exactly how Guillaume might have been related to Peter Falk is still unclear. It is not impossible that Guillaume's story as reported in the de Treytorrens genealogy is a conflation of two men of the same name. We noticed that if the Guillaume who served in Rome and who married Julie was actually the son of Girard de Treytorrens, Avoyer de Payerne from about 1476, he would be a step-cousin of Peter Falk through Guillaume's mother Antoinaz Meller or Mellet, whose sister was the first wife of Peter's step-father, Aymon de Torculari.
Thus, it becomes necessary to determine whether all the works and deeds attributed to Guillaume de Treytorrens, son of Barthélemy de Treytorrens and Mermete Hugonet, actually pertain to one man. It is possible that the early events (Guillaume son of Barthélemy was out of the area at the time of his father's testament of 1482, thus possibly in military service, or else perhaps at school, in those days as early as age 14), and the later events (military service in Italy, such as the papal guards about 1513, the French campaign at Pavia in 1525) relate to two different Guillaumes. It is also possible to read the published material to mean that Isabelle Vaucheret was still alive in 1502, and if so, then it must be the case that the Guillaume who married Julie is a different person.
The connection to Peter Falck is based on the family correspondence and papers copied by Guillaume de Praroman about 1545, now at the archives of Fribourg. Guillaume de Praroman was a grandson of Peter Falck. Joseph Zimmermann's history of Peter Falck (1906, Freiburger Geschichtsblätter) gives one published account of this connection. Alexandre Daguet also noticed this letter and mentioned in in 1896.
There may be other difficulties with the published genealogy. The article in the Dictionnaire historique et biographique de la Suisse (1932) has apparently renumbered the sequence of the members of this family, so that Barthélemy becomes number "6b", and Guillaume (number 7 in this sequence) is listed as the son of François (number 6) instead (this François is number 49 in the published genealogy, which does not assign any children to him). There are a number of corrections indicated in the published genealogy as well, but these do not affect the parentage of the individuals discussed here.
A further bit of evidence as to the identity of the Guillaume who was in the Italian campaign was published as an illustration in the Bulletin généalogique vaudoise (2001). It is an indulgence signed by Pope Julius II about 1510, addressed to a group of notables from the Pays de Vaud, including Guillaume de Treytorrens de Cudrefin, an origin consistent with the parentage listed here. Is it plausible that service in support of the Pope would be part of a military career that began and ended in French service, as seems to be required by the biography of the Guillaume de Treytorrens who married Isabelle Vaucherat and Marguerite Ramuz? With attention to the dates given in the various sources, the answer is clear. The mercenaries who had been so important in the politics of France suddenly switched sides early in 1510, as the result of a favorable offer by Pope Julius II. The Swiss mercenary units supporting the Pope (not the Papal Guard) switched back again in 1516, as a result of the treaty between France the the Swiss Confederation signed 29 nov 1516 at Fribourg, a treaty that was negotiated in large part by Peter Falck.
In spite of the difficulties, there seems to be no evidence that directly disproves the parentage given in the de Treytorrens genealogy, but there is no particularly compelling evidence in favor of that parentage, either.
In the Annales d'Estavayer, there is mention of the testament of Barthélemy de Treytorrens, dated 24 dec 1482, a copy or abstract of which is said to be in the archives of the charitable hospital of Estavayer. His heirs were "Vuillielme, Guillaume, et Girard" his sons. At the time, Vuillielme was "absent du pais". The names would be rendered in the Latin of the time as Vuilliermus and Guilliermus, and these two names are frequently used interchangeably. Now that we know that Barthélemy had two sons with similar names, it may be possible to untangle the events attributed to "Guillaume".
_Jean DE TREYTORRENS _+ | (.... - 1428) _Guyonnet DE TREYTORRENS _| | (.... - 1458) | | |_Françoise _____ _____ | _Barthélemy DE TREYTORRENS _| | (.... - 1482) | | | ______________________ | | | | |_Marguerite BENETON ______| | | | |______________________ | | |--Guillaume DE TREYTORRENS | (1462 - 1545) | _Johannes HUGONET ____ | | (.... - 1438) | _Girard HUGONET __________| | | (1385 - 1466) | | | |_Mermeta _____ _______ | | |_Mermete HUGONET ___________| | | _Petrus GACHET _______+ | | (1371 - 1450) m 1409 |_Andrivete GACHET ________| (.... - 1456) | |_Francesia CROSTEL ___+ (1392 - 1450) m 1409
He is number 97 in the de Treytorrens genealogy.
_Barthélemy DE TREYTORRENS _+ | (.... - 1482) _Guillaume DE TREYTORRENS _| | (1462 - 1545) | | |_Mermete HUGONET ___________+ | _François DE TREYTORRENS _| | (.... - 1566) | | | ____________________________ | | | | |_Isabelle VAUCHERAT _______| | | | |____________________________ | | |--Guillaume DE TREYTORRENS | (.... - 1598) | ____________________________ | | | ___________________________| | | | | | |____________________________ | | |_Ambroise DE BRUEL _______| | | ____________________________ | | |___________________________| | |____________________________
He is number 227 in the de Treytorrens genealogy. Document of ?? apr 1642, Samuel DeTrey, notary, concerns heirs of the late Noble Guillaume De Treytorrens, with his father Abraham De Treytorrens as tuteur, and with the 6 heirs of the late Jean Rouge.
_François DE TREYTORRENS _+ | (.... - 1566) _Guillaume DE TREYTORRENS _| | (.... - 1598) | | |_Ambroise DE BRUEL _______ | _Abraham DE TREYTORRENS _| | (1568 - 1655) m 1592 | | | __________________________ | | | | |_Marie ROSSALLAT __________| | | | |__________________________ | | |--Guillaume DE TREYTORRENS | (.... - 1642) | __________________________ | | | _Claude RUÉRAT ____________| | | | | | |__________________________ | | |_Marguerite RUÉRAT ______| m 1592 | | __________________________ | | |___________________________| | |__________________________