Yuba County is one of the original 27 counties and created in 1850. It was named after the Yuba River by Captain John A. Sutter for the Indian village Yubu, Yupu or Juba near the confluence of the Yuba and Feather rivers. Vallejo stated that the river was named Uba by an exploring expedition in 1824 because of the quantities of wild grapes (uvas silvestres in Spanish) which they found growing on its banks. Territory which at one time was in Yuba County is now in Nevada, Placer, Plumas, and Sierra Counties.

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