DOUGHERTY COUNTY, GEORGIA
LARGEST SLAVEHOLDERS FROM 1860 SLAVE CENSUS SCHEDULES
and
SURNAME MATCHES FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS
Transcribed by Tom Blake, February, 2002
PURPOSE. Published information giving names of slaveholders and numbers of slaves held in Dougherty County, Georgia, in 1860, is either non-existent or not readily available. It is possible to locate a free person on the Dougherty County, Georgia census for 1860 and not know whether that person was also listed as a slaveholder on the slave census, because published indexes almost always do not include the slave census.
Those who have found a free ancestor on the 1860 Dougherty County, Georgia census can check this list to learn if their ancestor was one of the larger slaveholders in the County. If the ancestor is not on this list, the 1860 slave census microfilm can be viewed to find out whether the ancestor was a holder of a fewer number of slaves or not a slaveholder at all. Whether or not the ancestor is found to have been a slaveholder, a viewing of the slave census will provide an informed sense of the extent of slavery in the ancestral County, particularly for those who have never viewed a slave census. An ancestor not shown to hold slaves on the 1860 slave census could have held slaves on an earlier census, so those films can be checked also. In 1850, the slave census was also separate from the free census, but in earlier years it was a part of the free census.
African American descendants of persons who were enslaved in Dougherty County, Georgia in 1860, if they have an idea of the surname of the slaveholder, can check this list for the surname. If the surname is found, they can then view the microfilm for the details listed regarding the sex, age and color of the slaves. If the surname is not on this list, the microfilm can be viewed to see if there were smaller slaveholders with that surname. To check a master surname list for other States and Counties, return to Home and Links Page.
The information on surname matches of 1870 African Americans and 1860 slaveholders is intended merely to provide data for consideration by those seeking to make connections between slaveholders and former slaves. Particularly in the case of these larger slaveholders, the data seems to show in general not many freed slaves in 1870 were using the surname of their 1860 slaveholder. However, the data should be checked for the particular surname to see the extent of the matching.
The last U.S. census slave schedules were enumerated by County in 1860 and included 393,975 named persons holding 3,950,546 unnamed slaves, or an average of about ten slaves per holder. The actual number of slaveholders may be slightly lower because some large holders held slaves in more than one County and they would have been counted as a separate slaveholder in each County. Excluding slaves, the 1860 U.S. population was 27,167,529, with about 1 in 70 being a slaveholder. It is estimated by this transcriber that in 1860, slaveholders of 200 or more slaves, while constituting less than 1 % of the total number of U.S. slaveholders, or 1 out of 7,000 free persons, held 20-30% of the total number of slaves in the U.S. The process of publication of slaveholder names beginning with larger slaveholders will enable naming of the holders of the most slaves with the least amount of transcription work.
SOURCES. The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Dougherty County, Georgia (NARA microfilm series M653, Roll 145) reportedly includes a total of 6,079 slaves. This transcription includes 78 slaveholders who held 30 or more slaves in Dougherty County, accounting for 4,189 slaves, or 69% of the County total. The rest of the slaves in the County were held by a total of 244 slaveholders, and those slaveholders have not been included here. Due to variable film quality, handwriting interpretation questions and inconsistent counting and page numbering methods used by the census enumerators, interested researchers should view the source film personally to verify or modify the information in this transcription for their own purposes. Census data for 1860 was obtained from the Historical United States Census Data Browser, which is a very detailed, searchable and highly recommended database that can found at http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/census/ . Census data on African Americans in the 1870 census was obtained using Heritage Quest's CD "African-Americans in the 1870 U.S. Federal Census", available through Heritage Quest at http://www.heritagequest.com/ .
FORMAT. This transcription lists the names of those largest slaveholders in the County, the number of slaves they held in the County and the first census page on which they were listed. The page numbers used are the rubber stamped numbers in the upper right corner of every set of two pages, with the previous stamped number and a "B" being used to designate the pages without a stamped number. Following the holder list is a separate list of the surnames of the holders with information on numbers of African Americans on the 1870 census who were enumerated with the same surname. The term "County" is used to describe the main subdivisions of the State by which the census was enumerated.
TERMINOLOGY. Though the census schedules speak in terms of "slave owners", the transcriber has chosen to use the term "slaveholder" rather than "slave owner", so that questions of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be addressed in this transcription. Racially related terms such as African American, black, mulatto and colored are used as in the source or at the time of the source, with African American being used otherwise.
PLANTATION NAMES. Plantation names were not shown on the census. Using plantation names to locate ancestors can be difficult because the name of a plantation may have been changed through the years and because the sizeable number of large farms must have resulted in lots of duplication of plantation names. In Georgia in 1860 there were 482 farms of 1,000 acres or more, the largest size category enumerated in the census, and another 1,359 farms of 500-999 acres. Linking names of plantations in this County with the names of the large holders on this list should not be a difficult research task, but it is beyond the scope of this transcription.
FORMER SLAVES. The 1860 U.S. Census was the last U.S. census showing slaves and slaveholders. Slaves were enumerated in 1860 without giving their names, only their sex and age and indication of any handicaps, such as deaf or blind Slaves 100 years of age or older were supposed to be named on the 1860 slave schedule, but there were only 1,570 slaves of such age enumerated, and, though not specifically searching for such slaves, the transcriber noticed none in this County for the holders transcribed. Freed slaves, if listed in the next census, in 1870, would have been reported with their full name, including surname. Some of these former slaves may have been using the surname of their 1860 slaveholder at the time of the 1870 census and they may have still been living in the same State or County. Before presuming an African American was a slave on the 1860 census, the free census for 1860 should be checked, as almost 11% of African Americans were enumerated as free in 1860, with about half of those living in the southern States. Estimates of the number of former slaves who used the surname of a former owner in 1870, vary widely and from region to region. If an African American ancestor with one of these surnames is found on the 1870 census, then making the link to finding that ancestor as a slave requires advanced research techniques involving all obtainable records of the holder.
MIGRATION OF FORMER SLAVES: According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Dougherty County population included 2,207 whites, 9 "free colored" and 6,079 slaves. By the 1870 census, the white population had decreased about 5% to 2,093, while the "colored" population increased about 55% to 9,424. (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County was listed as having 49,682 whites, over twenty-two times as many as in 1860, while the 1960 total of 25,922 "Negroes"was a little over four times what the colored population had been 100 years before.) It should be noted however, that in comparing census data for 1870 and 1960, the transcriber did not take into consideration any relevant changes in county boundaries.
Where did the freed slaves go if they did not stay in Dougherty County? Chatham County saw an increase in colored population of almost two thirds between 1860 and 1870, so obviously that is where many freed slaves went. Other Georgia Counties showing significant increases include Fulton, Houston and Richmond. Between 1860 and 1870, the Georgia colored population increased by 80,000, to 545,000, a 17% increase. Where did freed Georgia slaves go if they did not stay in Georgia? States that saw significant increases in colored population during that time, and were therefore more likely possible places of relocation for colored persons from Dougherty County, included the following: Texas, up 70,000 (38%); Alabama, up 37,000 (8%); North Carolina, up 31,000 (8%); Florida, up 27,000 (41%); Ohio, up 26,000 (70%); Indiana, up 25,000 (127%); and Kansas up from 265 to 17,000 (6,400%).
SLAVEHOLDER LIST:
BAILEY, D. F., 40 slaves, page 346B
BAKER, M., by E. C. Helms agt., 34 slaves, page 3 33
BARBER, S. L., 46 slaves, page 348
BARNARD, Est., J. Lewis agt., 44 slaves, page 319B
BARNARD, Nat by agt. Ouzts, 34 slaves, page 322B
BELL, Jeremiah by agt. Bush, 70 slaves, page 315
BILLINGSLEA, F. A., 40 slaves, page 328
BOND, Henrietta S., by J. Cheek agt., 112 slaves, page 344
BRINSON, Matthew, 40 slaves, page 345B
BUTTRILL, Thos. T., 57 slaves, page 328B
CALLAWAY, N. P., by N. F. Mercer agt., 66 slaves, page 331
CHILDERS, Virgil N., 37 slaves, page 320B
CLANTON, T. of Augusta, W. H. Culbreath agt., 60 slaves, page 340
COCHRON, Allen, by J. Sutton agt., 69 slaves, page 339B
COLLIER, N. E., by agt. Timreman, 48 slaves, page 323B
COLQUIST, A. H., by Wooten agt., 73 slaves, page 341B
COOK, Hamlin J., agt. Dotson, 85 slaves, page 330
CRUGER, N., by J. M. Watson agt., 60 slaves, page 340B
CRUGER, N., 51 slaves, page 345
DAVIS, Jno. P., by agt. Hargret, 34 slaves, page 326B
DAWSON, G. O., by Ouzts agt., 42 slaves, page 346B
DENT, Col. J., by agt. Clark, 57 slaves, page 327B
DICKINSON, Catharine, 40 slaves, page 334B
DUNCAN & WARE, by agt. Porter of Greenville S. C., 52 slaves, page 335B
DUNCAN, G. M., by agt. LaRogue, 59 slaves, page 326B
EDWARDS, Eliza, 40 slaves, page 325B
HEATON, Benj. D., 57 slaves, page 318B
HEATON, Benjamin W., 51 slaves, page 327
HILL, N. M. of N. C., Jas. J. Allen agt., 53 slaves, page 334B
HILL, Pike, by A. J. Giles agt., 48 slaves, page 331B
HILL, Thos., W. B. Reynold agt., 69 slaves, page 333B
JACKSON, Jno., 32 slaves, page 347
JONES, Edwin T., 51 slaves, page 325
JONES, Jno., by Mercer agt., 37 slaves, page 342B
JONES, Jno. R., by agt. Hindson, 40V42B
JORDAN, Col. L. A., by agt. Daniel, 77 slaves, page 342
JORDAN, G. W., by W. T. Algiers agt., 31 slaves, page 333
JORDAN, L. A., by Sibley agt., 108 slaves, page 329
KENDRICK, W. W., 44 slaves, page 348B
LAWTON, Col. W. J., 62 slaves, page 336B
LAWTON, Geo. M., 31 slaves, page 335
LAWTON, W. J., by J. Cochron agt., 40V36B
LAWTON, Wm. S., by Lasseter agt., 43 slaves, page 338B
LOCKETT, Benj. G., 74 slaves, page 322
LUNDY, Robt., 40 slaves, page 3 17
MALLARY, C. D., 31 slaves, page 316
MALLARY, C. E., 38 slaves, page 334
MASON?, D. A. by agt. H. F. H., 67 slaves, page 316
MAYO, Crawford M., 47 slaves, page 319B
MCCLAREN, Peter of Columbus GA., by C. Dormon agt., 62 slaves, page 338
MOUGHON, T. H., by W. R. Tuck agt., 76 slaves, page 332
MOUGHON, Thos. H., by Dozier agt., 64 slaves, page 331B
MOUGHON, W. S., by Sawyer agt., 67 slaves, page 339
MOUGHON, W. S., by Walker agt. 69 slaves, page 341
PACE, D., by agt. Ready, 50 slaves, page 326
PACE, Davis, by agt. Fricks, 41 slaves, page 325B
PEAK, William, by Ledbetter agt., 44 slaves, page 339
PEARMAN, Estate, by D. P. Jackson agt., 41 slaves, page 332B
POWERS, Est. A. P., agt. Magbey, 62 slaves, page 324
RHODES, G. M., 35 slaves, page 347B
ROBERT, A. J., 30 slaves, page 344B
ROBERT, Cap. W. M., 90 slaves, page 335B
SMITH, B. R., 35 slaves, page 325
TARVER, C. C., 44 slaves, page 349
TARVER, Est. M.?, by E. C. Swilley agt., 72 slaves, page 330B
TARVER, Henry A., by Gilder agt., 112 slaves, page 343
TOMPKINS, Estate, R. R. Bayne agt., 30 slaves, page 337B
TOWNS, R., 41 slaves, page 329
WALKER, A. M., by agt. Perry, 66 slaves, page 324
WALKER, David A., by agt. Johnson, 34 slaves, page 328
WALKER, Est. R. C., J. W. Hightower agt., 37V38
WALKER, George, 58 slaves, page 337B
WALTERS, Jeremiah, 72 slaves, page 317B
WHITEHEAD, J. B., Baker C., Geo., by agt. Caisley?, 31 slaves, page 321B
WHITEHEAD, R. M., by Green agt., 61 slaves, page 345B
WILLINGHAM, Thos., by William, 77 slaves, page 346
WILLINGHAM, W. A., 33 slaves, page 337
WRIGHT, F. K., 64 slaves, page 322B
SURNAME MATCHES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS:
(exact surname spellings only are reported, no spelling variations or soundex)
(SURNAME, # in US, in State, in County, born in State, born and living in State, born in State and living in County)
BAILEY, 2281, 252, 5, 266, 209, 2
BAKER, 3314, 432, 4, 479. 370, 4
BARBER, 842, 91, 9, 87, 69, 8
BARNARD, 156, 33, 0, 32, 30, 0
BELL, 4784, 532, 17, 619, 452, 13
BILLINGSLEA, 43, 7, 6, 19, 7, 6
BOND, 825, 55, 8, 51, 48, 7
BRINSON, 136, 78, 5, 70, 67, 3
BUTTRILL, 4, 4, 0, 3, 3, 0
CALLAWAY, 268, 112, 2, 104, 94, 1
CHILDERS, 155, 13, 1, 19, 10, 0
CLANTON, 152, 15, 3, 24, 12, 2
COCHRON, 5, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0
COLLIER, 632, 177, 5, 152, 133, 4
COLQUIST, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
COOK, 3149, 332, 13, 344, 265, 10
CRUGER,11, 4, 1, 4, 4, 1
DAVIS, 13725, 1329, 30, 1532, 1081, 21
DAWSON, 1079, 180, 9, 243, 153, 8
DENT, 399, 70, 1, 69, 56, 1
DICKINSON, 425, 37, 6, 41, 31, 4
DUNCAN, 1366, 141, 7, 137, 107, 5
EDWARDS, 3741, 379, 14, 431, 316, 10
HEATON, 10, 3, 0, 5, 3, 0
HILL, 6675, 825, 25, 951, 671, 16
JACKSON, 19100, 2029, 70, 2326, 1700, 56
JONES, 27193, 2842, 62, 3155, 2331, 48
JORDAN, 2359, 446, 21, 483, 378, 14
KENDRICK, 260, 114, 6, 122, 98, 6
LAWTON, 149, 47, 9, 41, 37, 4
LOCKETT, 241, 54, 3, 62, 48, 3
LUNDY, 125, 28, 1, 32, 27, 1
MALLARY, 6, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1
MASON?, 2858, 139, 2, 146, 114, 1
MAYO, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
MCCLAREN, 11, 2, 0, 2, 2, 0
MOUGHON, 5, 5, 0, 4, 4, 0
PACE, 280, 86, 8, 97, 71, 6
PEAK, 99, 29, 1, 28, 23, 0
PEARMAN, 20, 4, 0, 7, 4, 0
POWERS, 516, 61, 2, 68, 51, 2
RHODES, 707, 81, 2, 89, 68, 1
ROBERT, 315, 22, 3, 33, 19, 0
SMITH, 29087, 2625, 48, 2979, 2200, 34
TARVER, 171, 65, 5, 78, 57, 4
TOMPKINS, 316, 54, 6, 43, 38, 6
TOWNS, 232, 71, 3, 59, 50, 3
WALKER, 8492, 1199, 36, 1317, 997, 25
WALTERS, 411, 64, 3, 57, 52, 3
WARE, 998, 181, 2, 231, 152, 1
WHITEHEAD, 614, 211, 7, 194, 177, 6
WILLINGHAM, 152, 69, 4, 67, 60, 2
WRIGHT, 5428, 670, 21, 765, 580, 16
Dougherty County, GA GenWeb (County genealogical resources)
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