HON. FRANCIS EMROY WARREN.
  
HON. FRANCIS EMROY WARREN.

HON. FRANCIS EMROY WARREN.
A history of Wyoming without extended mention of United States Senator Francis Emroy Warren would be as unsatisfying as the play of "Hamlet" with the character Hamlet omitted! The history of Wyoming for the past half century and the life story of Senator Warren have been so closely interwoven as to be almost interdependent.
When early in 1868 Francis E. Warren first arrived in Cheyenne, that frontier town was in the territory of Dakota, and it was not until a year later that the territorial organization of Wyoming was put into effect.
Cheyenne then was a town of shacks and tents, temporary camps and covered wagons. The Union Pacific Railroad was nearly completed to Laramie and many mushroom towns along its lines had flourished for a brief period and then ceased to exist. The permanency of Cheyenne was not established. The railroad having been built farther on, the prevailing idea seemed to be that in a short time hardly a stake would be left to mark the location of Cheyenne. One resident of the so-called "Magic City" did not share that belief. That one was the subject of this sketch. He believed that there was a future for the "plains" country and for the city of Cheyenne, and in the fifty years which have since elapsed he at no time lost hope or confidence in one or the other. Many, in depressing periods, left Wyoming to try their fortunes in other fields, but Warren was always ready, when he had a dollar ahead, to invest it in Wyoming. He was one of the most optimistic and progressive pioneers of the earlier days. He was in the forefront to prevent Cheyenne from fading away like a mirage of the desert after it ceased to be the terminus of the Union Pacific, which was creeping westward across the great plains country to meet the Central Pacific, building eastward. It was Warren who, as city trustee and mayor. insisted upon water and sewer systems for the city; upon substantial school buildings ; upon good streets and sidewalks ; upon city buildings and fire protection. He was among the first business men to put up brick buildings; he organized the first lighting company in Cheyenne, and Cheyenne was the first city in the world to use the incandescent electric-lighting system from a central station for city lighting. Later he installed a central heating system. and now practically all of the business buildings and many residences are heated from a general heating plant. In short, he has been progressive and enterprising, and, above all, persistent ; and his force, energy, enthusiasm, and persistence in behalf of his home city helped to keep it on the map and helped make it as it is today—one of the most desirable places of business and residence in the west.
He was equally energetic in behalf of Wyoming, both as a territory and as a state, and gave his help and influence to every movement tending to develop its industries. He was one of the original projectors and the first president of the Wheatland Colony enterprise, and, with his associates, built the tunnel and canals and inaugurated the work of reclamation of lands then looked upon as a desert waste.
Recognizing that there should be direct railway connection between the northern and southern portions of Wyoming, he first proposed the issuance of county bonds to build such a line in cooperation with the Gould and Dillon Union Pacific interests. Later he proposed and effected the organization of the Cheyenne & Northern Railroad Company, becoming its president, and led in the movement to vote and issue bonds for construction. The building of the railroad, while imposing an indebtedness on Laramie and Converse counties, brought about rail communication between the southern, central, and, finally, northern portions of Wyoming and the final consummation of placing Wyoming on a through north-and-south line from Seattle to the Gulf of Mexico.
Although but a youth of twenty-four when he settled in Wyoming, Senator Warren had passed through an eventful experience. His early boyhood days, until he was eighteen, were spent upon a farm and in obtaining the solid foundation of a common school and academic education. Then came his experience in the Civil war.
The official records of the War Department show that "Francis E. Warren was enrolled September 11, 1862, at Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and was mustered into service at the same place September 19, 1862, for the term of nine months, as a private of Captain Plunkett's company, Forty-ninth Regiment, Massachusetts Militia, which organization was also designated C Company, Forty-ninth Regiment, Massachusetts Infantry. The company was mustered in on the same day. Young Warren was promoted to be corporal some time in April or May, 1863, and was mustered out and honorably discharged from the service with his company, as a corporal, at Pittsfield, Massachusetts, September 1, 1863," after a year of intensive active service.
The Forty-ninth Regiment was drilled at Pittsfield and Worcester, Massachusetts, was on duty in that vicinity a short time, from there went to New York city on provost duty, and later was sent to New Orleans and made a part of the Nineteenth Army Corps. The regiment took part in the engagement at Plains Store and in the entire siege of Port Hudson, Louisiana, and was present when Port Hudson was surrendered. It participated in several engagements before Port Hudson and was in the fights at Donelson and vicinity.
On September 30, 1893, a Congressional Medal of Honor was awarded Senator Warren. the order of award reciting that he "volunteered in respose to a call and took part in the movement that was made upon the enemy's works under a heavy fire therefrom in advance of the general assault." This assault was made May 27, 1863.
After the close of the Civil war, Corporal Warren returned to his native place, Hinsdale, Massachusetts, where he kept up his practical military experience by serving as a captain of the state militia. He returned also to his occupation of farming and became foreman of an extensive farm, utilized largely for the breeding of thoroughbred livestock. Here he obtained a complete education in theoretical and practical farming and stock raising, and a practical knowledge of carpentering, blacksmith work, mill work, grading, ditching, etc. It was about this time that Warren concluded that he would quit farming and stock raising in the east and, with his small capital, would go west, where, he believed, the business would pay better and where opportunities seemed to be better for a young man who knew how and was willing to work. He had no special plans, but believed that a way would open up for his advancement.
He first engaged in railroad work as foreman of a construction force on the line of the Rock Island then being built westward from Des Moines, Iowa, and after a brief but valuable experience, he went on to Wyoming, arriving in Cheyenne in May, 1868.
For many years after reaching Wyoming Senator Warren was engaged in the mercantile and livestock business. In 1871 he bought half of the mercantile business from his then employer, A. R. Converse, and the firm became Converse & Warren. Six years later Mr. Warren bought his partner's interest and established the firm of F. E. Warren & Company. Several years later the business was merged into a corporation termed the F. E. Warren Mercantile Company. This corporation disposed of its mercantile business about ten years ago, but continued in existence as a large owner of Cheyenne business and residential realty and ranch lands.
When the firm of Converse & Warren dissolved in 1877, in addition to its mercantile business it was also interested in the cattle and sheep business, and upon the dissolution of the partnership Mr. Converse retained the cattle while Mr. Warren bought the sheep and ranch interests as well as the mercantile business. From that time to the present Senator Warren's principal business has been ranching and raising livestock—horses, cattle, and sheep—although he has been largely interested in city real estate as well.
By instinct and inclination a man of public spirit, Senator Warren from his early manhood has taken part in all of the great movements having for their aim the upbuilding of the west and the development of the entire country. For over forty-five years he has taken part in the activities of public life. He did not neglect the duty a citizen owes to his community, and, in spite of exacting business cares, he served the city of Cheyenne as one of its earliest trustees, in 1872 and 1873, and again was a member of the city council in 1883 and 1884. Before he was thirty he was elected a member of the territorial legislature in 1872 and 1873 and was president of the upper branch. He was again elected to the upper branch in 1884. The experience he gained in parliamentary methods by that service proved valuable to him when later he became a member of the United States Senate. In 1884 he was elected mayor of the city of Cheyenne—no sinecure in those days,—and was also made treasurer of the territory of Wyoming. He resigned the treasurership, also his membership in the legislature and his office as mayor of Cheyenne, when, a few days before the inauguration of President Cleveland, he was appointed governor of the territory of Wyoming by Mr. Arthur, who was about to end his term as president. He served as governor for nearly two years during President Cleveland's administration, and again was appointed governor by President Harrison in 1889, serving until the territory was admitted as a state, when he was elected the first governor of the state. He was elected to the United States Senate, November 18, 1890, and served until the expiration of his term, March 3, 1893 ; he was reelected in 1895, 1901, 1907, and 1913. On March 3, 1919, at the close of his present term he will have served four full six-year terms and one short term, and will have participated in every session of congress from the Fifty-first to the Sixty-fifth, inclusive.
In his service in the national congress, extending throughout a period of nearly thirty years, Senator Warren has been, and is, an indefatigable worker for his state and for the west, and an important factor in the enactment of the progressive and beneficial laws placed upon the national statute books during the terms of President Harrison, McKinley, Roosevelt and Taft. During President Wilson's term he has consistently supported every measure upholding the honor and dignity of the government and the country.
In the opportunity to perform effective service for the state and for the country, Senator Warren has held desirable committee positions in the senate. During republican control of the senate he was chairman, in turn, of the committees on irrigation and reclamation of arid lands, claims, military affairs, and appropriations, and was next to the chairman in rank on the committees on agriculture and forestry, and public buildings and grounds. During democratic control he has been the highest ranking minority member on the committees on appropriations, military affairs, agriculture and forestry, public buildings and grounds, and next to the highest ranking minority member on rules, and on irrigation and reclamation of arid lands.
In congress Senator Warren is known as an untiring and persistent worker. He has never shirked any duties assigned to him, even if they involved an enormous amount of apparently thankless labor.
As an advocate of government aid in irrigation and the reclamation of arid lands, Senator Warren has accomplished for the west beneficial results almost beyond comprehension. As a member of the senate, he early undertook to obtain the government's aid for reclamation, which he had recommended when governor of Wyoming territory. The first appropriation by congress in behalf of irrigation was made at the instance of Senator Warren, who secured the adoption of an amendment to the rivers and harbors bill, which became a law June 3, 1896, providing for a survey and report of reservoir sites for the storage of water for irrigation purposes in Wyoming and Colorado, and he was largely instrumental in securing the enactment of the National Reclamation Act.
Under that act over one hundred and fifteen million dollars has been expended in the reclamation of lands in the west, and when the government reclamation projects are completed over three million acres, once considered worthless desert lands, will be under intensive cultivation.
Senator Warren has never claimed the designation, Father of Irrigation, but if such a title were bestowed upon any of those public men who were instrumental in the birth of a great governmental, beneficial undertaking, he would be entitled to it.
In military legislation Senator Warren for years has been regarded as an authority. As a member of the senate military affairs committee during the period when Elihu Root was secretary of war, he took an active part in framing the legislation which created the general staff and reorganized the army. As chairman of the committee he obtained the enactment of the law adjusting the pay of the army to then existing conditions of living, and in doing so he earned the everlasting gratitude of every man in the service, from the commanding general down to and including the private in the ranks. As ranking minority member of the committee under the present administration he helped frame the national defense act and the selective service law, under which our national army is being created, and throughout his service on the committee, whether as a member of the majority or minority, he has been the author of countless measures for the benefit and improvement of the military service.
Senator Warren has never attempted flowery oratory, but in his speeches in the senate and elsewhere he is direct, incisive, and businesslike in his presentation of facts and arguments. In the fifty-fifth congress his speech advocating army reorganization attracted the attention of all persons interested in military matters. His numerous addresses upon livestock, irrigation, and land matters always held the attention of the senate and usually carried conviction because of his practical knowledge of the subject matter. In the discussions in the senate upon tariff legislation, Senator Warren has taken a leading part. He has been a stalwart protectionist, and his speeches on the tariff in 1909, 1911, and 1913 became authoritative texts used by advocates of the principle of protection to American livestock and farming industries.
Although an unwavering republican in politics, Senator Warren at all times has been nonpartisan in his treatment of his constituents. He has been in close contact and association with the people of his state during his public career. and in that time no citizen has' been denied or refused his aid on account of opposing political beliefs or alliances. Democrats, populists, and progressives. when they sought his assistance in land, pension, or other public matters, received it as promptly and as readily as if they had been republicans.
Senator Warren was married January 26, 1871, to Miss Helen Maria Smith, of Middlefield, Massachusetts, daughter of the Hon. Matthew Smith, of that place, and Maria Smith. née Root. Mrs. Warren died March 28, 1902, and on June 28, 1911, Senator Warren married Miss Clara LeBaron Morgan, daughter of John Sands and Susan (Goodwin) Morgan, formerly of Groton, Connecticut.
Senator Warren's children by his first wife were Helen Frances, born August 16, 1880. and Frederick Emroy, born January 20, 1884. His daughter was married to General Pershing, now in command of the American expeditionary forces, on January 26. 1995. Her tragic death with her three little daughters in 1915 shocked the entire nation, and brought about unending sadness into the lives of her family and friends. Her little son, Francis Warren Pershing. who escaped. spends part of his time, during his father's absence at the front, with Senator and Mrs. Warren. The senator's son, Frederick Emroy, was graduated with honor from Harvard University in 1905, and is now vice president of the Warren Livestock Company and the F. E. Warren Mercantile Company. having the active management of the extensive real estate, livestock, and ranching interests of those companies. He was married, December 28, 1910, to Elizabeth Louise, daughter of Hon. Peter S. and Mary (Brown) Cook, in Cheyenne. He has a son, Francis Emroy Warren, born August 4, 1914, and a daughter, Mary Helen Warren, born November 12, 1917.
It is Senator Warren's intention, when he retires from public life, to continue to make his home in Cheyenne, where he now occupies one of the most substantial and handsome homes of that attractive city.