The Second Virginia Charter
May 23, 1609
James, by the grace of
God [King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, defender of the faith, etc.]
To all [to whom these presents shall come, greeting.]
Whereas, at the humble
suite and request of sondrie oure lovinge and well disposed subjects intendinge
to deduce a colonie and to make habitacion and plantacion of sondrie of oure
people in that parte of America comonlie called Virginia, and other part and
territories in America either apperteyninge unto us or which are not actually
possessed of anie Christian prince or people within certaine bound and regions,
wee have formerly, by oure lettres patents bearinge date the tenth of Aprill in
the fourth yeare of oure raigne of England, Fraunce, and Ireland, and the nine
and thirtieth of Scotland, graunted to Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George Somers and
others, for the more speedie accomplishment of the said plantacion and
habitacion, that they shoulde devide themselves into twoe colloniesthe one
consistinge of divers Knights, gentlemen, merchaunts and others of our cittie of
London, called the First Collonie; and the other of sondrie Knights, gentlemen
and others of the citties of Bristoll, Exeter, the towne of Plymouth, and other
places, called the Seccond Collonieand have yielded and graunted maine and
sondrie priviledges and liberties to each Collonie for their quiet setlinge and
good government therein, as by the said lettres patents more at large appeareth.
Nowe, forasmuch as
divers and sondrie of oure lovinge subjects, as well adventurers as planters, of
the said First Collonie (which have alreadie engaged them selves in furtheringe
the businesse of the said plantacion and doe further intende by the assistance
of Almightie God to prosecute the same to a happie ende) have of late ben humble
suiters unto us that, in respect of their great chardeges and the adventure of
manie of their lives which they have hazarded in the said discoverie and
plantacion of the said countrie, wee woulde be pleased to graunt them a further
enlargement and explanacion of the said graunte, priviledge and liberties, and
that suche counsellors and other officers maie be appointed amonngest them to
manage and direct their affaires [as] are willinge and readie to adventure with
them; as also whose dwellings are not so farr remote from the cittye of London
but that they maie at convenient tymes be readie at hande to give advice and
assistance upon all occacions requisite.
We, greatlie
affectinge the effectual prosecucion and happie successe of the said plantacion
and comendinge their good desires theirin, for their further encouragement in
accomplishinge so excellent a worke, much pleasinge to God and profitable to
oure Kingdomes, doe, of oure speciall grace and certeine knowledge and meere
motion, for us, oure heires and successors, give, graunt and confirme to oure
trustie and welbeloved subjects,
- Robert, Earle of Salisburie [Salisbury]
- Thomas, Earle of Suffolke [Suffolk]
- Henrie, Earle of Southampton
- William. Earle of Pembroke [Henrie]
- [Henrie] Earle of Lincolne [Lincoln]
- Henrie, Earle of Dorsett [Dorset]
- Thomas, Earle of Exeter
- Phillipp, Earle of Mountgommery
- Robert, Lord Vicount Lisle
- Theophilus, Lord Howard of Walden
- James Mountague, Lord Bishopp of Bathe and Wells
- Edward, Lord Zouche
- Thomas, Lord Lawarr
- Wiliam, Lord Mounteagle
- Raphe, Lord Ewre
- Edmond, Lord Sheffeild [Sheffield]
- Grey, Lord Shandis [Chandois]
- [Grey], Lord Compton
- John, Lord Petre
- John, Lord Stanhope
- George, Lord Carew
- Sir Humfrey Welde, Lord Mayor of London [Weld]
- George Pertie, Esquire [Percie]
- Sir Edward Cecill, Knight [Cecil]
- Sir George Wharton, Knight
- Frauncis West, Esquire
- Sir William Waade, Knight [Wade]
- Sir Henrie Nevill, Knight [Nevil]
- Sir Thomas Smithe, Knight [Smith]
- Sir Oliver Cromwell, Knight
- Sir Peter Manwood, Knight
- Sir Dru Drurie, Knight [Drury]
- Sir John Scott, Knight [Scot]
- Sir Thomas Challouer, Knight [Challoner]
- Sir Robert Drurie, Knight [Drury]
- Sir Anthonye Cope, Knight
- Sir Horatio Veere, Knight [Vere]
- Sir Edward Conwaie, Knight [Conway]
- Sir William Browne [Brown]
- Sir Maurice Barkeley, Knight [Berkeley]
- Sir Roberte Maunsell, Knight [Mansel]
- Sir Amias Presou, Knight [Preston]
- Sir Thomas Gates, Knight
- Sir Anthonie Ashley, Knight [Ashly]
- Sir Michaell Sandes, Knight [Sandys]
- Sir Henrie Carew, Knight [Carey]
- Sir Stephen Soame, Knight
- Sir Calisthenes Brooke, Knight
- Sir Edward Michelborne, Knight [Michelborn]
- Sir John Racliffe, Knight [Ratcliffe]
- Sir Charles Willmott, Knight [Wilmot]
- Sir George Moore, Knight [Moor]
- Sir Hugh Wirrall, Knight [Wirral]
- Sir Thomas Dennys, Knight [Dennis]
- Sir John Hollis, Knight [Holles]
- Sir William Godolphin, Knight
- Sir Thomas Monnson, Knight [Monson]
- Sir Thomas Ridgwaie, Knight [Ridgwine]
- Sir John Brooke, Knight
- Sir Roberte Killigrew, Knight
- Sir Henrie Peyton, Knight
- Sir Richard Williamson, Knight
- Sir Ferdinando Weynman, Knight
- Sir William St. John, Knight
- Sir Thomas Holcrofte, Knight [Holcroft]
- Sir John Mallory, Knight
- Sir Roger Ashton, Knight
- Sir Walter Cope, Knight
- Sir Richard Wigmore, Knight
- Sir William Cooke, Knight [Coke]
- Sir Herberte Crofte, Knight
- Sir Henrie Faushawe, Knight [Fanshaw]
- Sir John Smith, Knight
- Sir Francis Wolley, Knight
- Sir Edward Waterhouse, Knight
- Sir Henrie Sekeford, Knight [Seekford]
- Sir Edward Saudes, Knights [Edwin Sandys]
- Sir Thomas Wayneman, Knight [Waynam]
- Sir John Trevor, Knight
- Sir Warrwick Heale, Knight [Heele]
- Sir Robert Wroth, Knight
- Sir John Townnesende, Knight [Townsend]
- Sir Christopher Perkins, Knight
- Sir Daniell Dun, Knight
- Sir Henrie Hobarte, Knight [Hobart]
- Sir Franncis Bacon, Knight
- Sir Henrie Mountague, Knight [Montague]
- Sir Georg Coppin, Knight
- Sir Samuell Sandes, Knight [Sandys]
- Sir Thomas Roe, Knight
- Sir George Somers, Knight
- Sir Thomas Freake, Knight
- Sir Thomas Horwell, Knight [Harwell]
- Sir Charles Kelke, Knight
- Sir Baptist Hucks, Knight [Hicks]
- Sir John Watts, Knight
- Sir Roberte Carey, Knight
- Sir William Romney, Knight
- Sir Thomas Middleton, Knight
- Sir Hatton Cheeke, Knight
- Sir John Ogle, Knighte
- Sir Cavallero Meycot, Knight
- Sir Stephen Riddlesden, Knight [Riddleson]
- Sir Thomas Bludder, Knight
- Sir Anthonie Aucher, Knight
- Sir Robert Johnson, Knight
- Sir Thomas Panton, Knight
- Sir Charles Morgan, Knight
- Sir Stephen Powle, Knight [Pole]
- Sir John Burlacie, Knight
- Sir Christofer Cleane, Knight [Cleave]
- Sir George Hayward, Knight
- Sir Thomas Dane, Knight [Davis]
- Sir Thomas Dutton, Knight [Sutton]
- Sir Anthonie Forrest, Knight [Forest]
- Sir Robert Payne, Knight
- Sir John Digby, Knight
- Sir Dudley Diggs, Knight [Digges]
- Sir Rowland Cotton, Knight
- Doctour Mathewe Rutcliffe [Sutcliffel
- Doctor Meddowes [Meadows]
- Doctor Tumer
- Doctor Poe
- Captaine Pagnam
- Captaine Jeffrey Holcrofte
- Captaine Raunne [Romney]
- Captaine Henrie Spry
- Captaine Shelpton [Shelton]
- Captaine Spark [Sparks]
- [Captain] Thomas Wyatt [Wyat]
- Captaine Brinsley
- Captaine William Courtney
- Captaine Herbert
- Captaine Clarke
- Captaine Dewhurst
- Captaine John Blundell
- Captaine Frier [Fryer]
- Captaine Lewis Orwell
- Captaine Edward Lloyd [Loyd]
- Captaine Slingesby
- Captaine Huntley [Hawley]
- Captaine Orme
- Captaine Woodhouse
- Captaine Mason
- Captaine Thomas Holcroft
- Captaine John Cooke [Coke]
- Captaine Hollis [Holles]
- Captaine William Proude
- Captaine Henrie Woodhouse
- Captaine Richard Lindeley [Lindesey]
- Captaine Dexter
- Captaine William Winter
- Captaine Herle [Pearsel
- Captain John Bingham
- Captaine Burray
- Captaine Thomas Conwey [Conway]
- Captaine Rookwood
- Captaine William Lovelace
- Captaine John Ashley
- Captaine Thomas Wynne
- Captaine Thomas Mewtis
- Captaine Edward Harwood
- Captaine Michaell Evered [Everard]
- Captaine Connoth [Comock]
- Captaine Miles [Mills]
- Captaine Pigott [Pigot]
- Captaine Edward Maria Wingfeild [Wingfield]
- Captaine ChristopherNewporte [Newport]
- Captaine John Siclemore, alias Ratcliffe [Sicklemore]
- Captaine John Smith
- Captyn John Martyn [Martin]
- Captaine Peter Wynne
- Captaine Waldoe [Waldo]
- Captyn Thomas Wood
- Captaine Thomas Button
- George Bolls, Esquire, Sheriffe of London
- William Crashawe, [Clerk], Bachelor of Divinite
- William Seabright, Esquire
- Christopher Brook, Esquire
- John Bingley, Esquire
- Thomas Watson, Esquire
- Richard Percivall, Esquire [Percival]
- John Moore, Esquire
- Hugh Brooker, Esquire
- David Waterhouse, Esquire [Woodhouse]
- Anthonie Auther, Esquier [Aucher]
- Roberte Bowyer, Esquire [Boyer]
- Raphe Ewens, Esquire
- Zacharie Jones, Esquire
- George Calvert, Esquire
- William Dobson, Esquire
- Henry Reynold, Esquire [Reynolds]
- Thomas Walker, Esquire
- Anthonie Barnars, Esquire
- Thomas Sandes, Esquire [Sandys]
- Henrie Sand, Esquire [Sandys]
- Richard Sand [Sandys], Sonne of Sir Edwin Sandes [Sandys]
- William Oxenbridge, Esquire
- John Moore, Esquire
- Thomas Wilson, Esquire
- John Bullocke, Esquire [Bullock]
- John Waller, [Esquire]
- Thomas Webb
- Jehughe Robinson
- William Brewster
- Robert Evelyn
- Henrie Dabenie [Danby]
- Richard Hacklewte, minister [Hackluit]
- John Eldred, marchaunt [Eldrid]
- William Russell, marchaunt
- John Merrick, marchaunt
- Richard Bannester, merchant [Banister]
- Charles Anthonie, goldsmithe [Anthony]
- John Banck [Banks]
- William Evans
- Richard Humble
- Robert Chamberleyne, marchaunt [Richard Chamberlayne]
- Thomas Barber, marchaunt
- Richard Pevyrell, merchaunt [Pomet]
- John Fletcher, merchant
- Thomas Nicholls, merchant
- John Stoak, merchaunt [Stoke]
- Gabriell Archer
- Franncis Covell [Covel]
- William Bouham [Bonham]
- Edward Harrison
- John Wolstenholme
- Nicholas Salter
- Hugh Evans
- William Barners [Barnes]
- Otho Mawdett [Mawdet]
- Richard Staper, marchant
- John Elkin, marchaunt
- William Cayse [Coyse]
- Thomas Perkin, cooper
- Humfrey Ramell, cooper [Humphrey James]
- Henry Jackson
- Roberte Shingleton [Singleton]
- Christopher Nicholls
- John Harper
- Abraham Chamberlaine [Chamberlayne]
- Thomas Shipton
- Thomas Carpenter
- Anthoine Crewe [Crew]
- George Holman
- Robert Hill
- Cleophas Smithe [Smith]
- Raphe Harrison
- John Farmer
- James Brearley
- William Crosley [Crosby]
- Richard Cocks [Cox]
- John Gearinge [Gearing]
- Richard Strough, iremonnger [Strongarm]
- Thomas Langton
- Griffith Hinton
- Richard Ironside
- Richard Deane [Dean]
- Richard Turner
- William Leveson, mercer [Lawson]
- James Chatfeilde [Chatfield]
- Edward Allen [Edward Allen Tedder]
- Tedder Roberts
- Heldebrand Sprinson [Robert Hildebrand Sprinson]
- Arthur Mouse
- John Gardener [Gardiner]
- James Russell [Russel]
- Richard Casewell [Caswell]
- Richard Evanns [Evans]
- John Hawkins
- Richard Kerrill [Kerril]
- Richard Brooke
- Mathewe Scrivener, gentleman [Screvener]
- William Stallendge, gentleman [Stallenge]
- Arthure Venn, gentleman
- Saund Webb, gentleman [Sandys Webbe]
- Michaell Phettiplace, gentleman
- William Phetiplace, gentleman [Phettiplace]
- Ambrose Brusey, gentleman [Prusey]
- John Taverner, gentleman
- George Pretty, gentleman
- Peter Latham, gentleman
- Thomas Monnford, gentleman [Montford]
- William Cautrell, gentleman [Cantrel]
- Richard Wiffine, gentleman [Wilfin]
- Raphe Mooreton, gentleman [Moreton]
- John Cornellis [Comelius]
- Martyn Freeman
- Raphe Freeman
- Andreau Moore
- Thomas White
- Edward Perkin
- Robert Osey
- Thomas Whitley
- George Pitt [Pit]
- Roberte Parkehurste [Parkhurst]
- Thomas Morris
- Peter Vaulore [Harloe]
- Jeffrey Duppa
- John Gilbert
- William Hancock
- Mathew Bromrigg [Brown]
- Francis Tirrell [Tyrrel]
- Randall Carter
- Othowell Smithe [Smith]
- Thomas Honnyman [Hamond]
- Marten Bonde, haberdasher [Bond]
- Joan Mousloe [John Moulsoe]
- Roberte Johnson
- William Younge [Young]
- John Woddall [Woodal]
- William Felgate
- Humfrey Westwood
- Richard Champion
- Henrie Robinson
- Franncis Mapes
- William Sambatch [Sambach]
- Rauley Crashawe [Ralegh Crashaw]
- DaruelLliacker
- Thomas Grave
- Hugh Willestone
- Thomas Culpepper, of Wigsell, Esquire
- John Culpepper, gentleman
- Henrie Lee
- Josias Kirton, gentleman [Kerton]
- John Porie, gentleman [Pory]
- Henrie Collins
- George Burton
- William Atkinson
- Thomas Forrest [Forest]
- John Russell [Russel]
- John Houlte [Holt]
- Harman Harrison
- Gabriell Beedell [Beedel]
- John Beedell [Beedel]
- Henrie Dankes [Dawkes]
- George Scott [Scot]
- Edward Fleetewood, gentleman [Fleetwood]
- Richard Rogers, gentleman
- Arthure Robinson
- Robert Robinson
- John Huntley
- John Grey [Gray]
- William Payne
- William Feilde [Field]
- William Wattey
- William Webster
- John Dingley
- Thomas Draper
- Richard Glanvile [Glanvil]
- Arnolde Lulls [Hulls]
- Henrie Rowe [Roe]
- William Moore [More]
- Nicholas Grice [Gryce]
- James Monnger [Monger]
- Nicholas Andrewes [Andrews]
- Jerome Haydon, iremonnger [Jeremy Haydon]
- Phillipp Durrant [Philip Durette]
- John Quales [Quarles]
- John West
- Madlew Springeham [Springham]
- John Johnson
- Christopher Hore
- George Barkeley
- Thomas Sued [Snead]
- George Barkeley [Berkeley]
- Ardhure Pett [Pet]
- Thomas Careles
- William Barkley [Berkley]
- Thomas Johnson
- Alexander Bent [Bents]
- Captaine William Kinge [King]
- George Sandes, gentleman [Sandys]
- James White, gentleman
- Edmond Wynn [Wynne]
- Charles Towler
- Richard Reynold
- Edward Webb
- Richard Maplesden
- Thomas Levers [Lever]
- David Bourne
- Thomas Wood
- Raphe Hamer
- Edward Barnes, mercer
- John Wright, mercer
- Robert Middleton
- Edward Litsfeild [Littlefield]
- Katherine West
- Thomas Webb [Web]
- Raphe Kinge [King]
- Roberte Coppine [Coppin]
- James Askewe
- Christopher Nicholls [Christopher Holt]
- William Bardwell
- Alexander Childe [Chiles]
- Lewes Tate
- Edward Ditchfeilde [Ditchfield]
- James Swifte
- Richard Widdowes, goldesmith
- Edmonde Brundells [Brudenell]
- John Hanford [Hansford]
- Edward Wooller
- William Palmer, haberdasher
- John Badger
- John Hodgson
- Peter Monnsill [Mounsel]
- Jahn Carrill [Carril]
- John Busbridge [Bushridge]
- William Dunn [Dun]
- Thomas Johnson
- Nicholas Benson
- Thomas Shipton
- Nathaniell Wade
- Randoll Wettwood [Wetwood]
- Mathew Dequester
- Charles Hawkins
- Hugh Hamersley
- Abraham Cartwright
- George Bennett [Bennet]
- William Cattor [Cater]
- Richard Goddart
- Henrie Cromwell
- Phinees Pett [Pet]
- Roberte Cooper
- Henrie Neite [Newce]
- Edward Wilks [Wilkes]
- Roberte Bateman
- Nicholas Farrar
- John Newhouse
- John Cason
- Thomas Harris, gentleman
- George Etheridge, gentleman
- Thomas Mayle, gentleman
- Richard Stratford [Stafford]
- Thomas
- Richard Cooper
- John Westrowe [Westrow]
- Edward Welshe [Welch]
- Thomas Brittanie [Britain]
- Thomas Knowls [Knowles]
- Octavian Thome
- Edmonde Smyth [Smith]
- John March
- Edward Carew
- Thomas Pleydall
- Richard Lea [Let]
- Miles Palmer
- Henrie Price
- John Josua, gentleman [Joshua]
- William Clawday [Clauday]
- Jerome Pearsye
- John Bree, gentleman
- William Hampson
- Christopher Pickford
- Thomas Hunt
- Thomas Truston
- Christopher Lanman [Salmon]
- John Haward, clerke [Howard]
- Richarde Partridge
- Allen Cotton [Cassen]
- Felix Wilson
- Thomas Colethurst [Bathurst]
- George Wilmer
- Andrew Wilmer
- Morrice Lewellin
- Thomas Jedwin [Godwin]
- Peter Burgoyne
- Thomas Burgoyne
- Roberte Burgoyne
- Roberte Smithe, merchauntaylor [Smith]
- Edward Cage, grocer
- Thomas Canon, gentleman [Cannon]
- William Welby, stacioner
- Clement Wilmer, gentleman
- John Clapham, gentleman
- Giles Fraunces, gentleman [Francis]
- George Walker, sadler
- John Swinehowe, stacioner [Swinhow]
- Edward Bushoppe, stacioner [Bishop]
- Leonard White, gentleman
- Christopher Barron [Baron]
- Peter Benson
- Richard Smyth [Smith]
- George Prockter, minister [Proctor]
- Millicent Ramesden, widowe [Ramsdent]
- Joseph Soane
- Thomas Hinshawe [Hinshaw]
- John Baker
- Robert Thorneton [Thomton]
- John Davies [Davis]
- Edward Facett [Facetl
- George Nuce, gentleman [Newce]
- John Robinson
- Captaine Thomas Wood
- William Browne, shoemaker [Brown]
- Roberte Barker, shoemaker
- Roberte Penington [Pennington]
- Francis Burley, minister
- William Quick, grocer
- Edward Lewes, grocer [Lewis]
- Laurence Campe, draper
- Aden Perkins, grocer
- Richard Shepparde, preacher [Shepherd]
- William Sheckley, haberdasher [Sherley]
- William Tayler, haberdasher [Taylor]
- Edward Lukyn, gentleman [Edwin Lukin]
- John Francklyn, haberdasher [Franklyn]
- John Southicke [Southwick]
- Peter Peate
- George Johan, iremonnger
- George Yardley, gentleman [Yeardley]
- Henrie Shelly [Shelley]
- John Pratt [Prat]
- Thomas Church, draper
- William Powell, gentleman [Powel]
- Richard Frithe, gentleman [Frith]
- Thomas Wheeler, draper
- Franncis Hasilerigg, gentleman [Haselrig]
- Hughe Shippley, gentleman [Shipley]
- John Andrewes, thelder, [doctor], of Cambridge [Andrews]
- Franncis Whistley, gentleman [Whistler]
- John Vassall, gentleman
- Richard Howle
- Edward Barkeley, gentleman [Berkeley]
- Richard Knerisborough, gentleman [Keneridgburg]
- Nicholas Exton, draper
- William Bennett, fishmonger [Bennet]
- James Hawood, marchaunt [Haywood]
- Nicholas Isaak, merchaunt [Isaac]
- William Gibbs, merchannt
- [William] Bushopp [Bishop]
- Barnard Michell [Mitchel]
- Isaake Michell [Isaac Mitchel]
- John Streat [Streate]
- Edward Gall
- John Marten, gentleman [Martin]
- Thomas Fox
- Luke Lodge
- John Woodleefe, gentleman [Woodliffel
- Rice Webb [Piichard]
- Vincent Lowe [Low]
- Samuell Burnam [Burnham]
- Edmonde Pears, haberdasher
- Josua Goudge [John Googe]
- John St. John
- Edwarde Vaughan
- William Dunn
- Thomas Alcock [Alcocke]
- John Andrewes, the younger, of Cambridge [Andrews]
- Samuell Smithe [Smith]
- Thomas Jerrard [Gerrard]
- Thomas Whittingham
- William Cannynge [Canning]
- Paule Caminge [Canning]
- George Chaudler [Chandler]
- Henrye Vincent
- Thomas Ketley
- James Skelton
- James Montain [Mountaine]
- George Webb, gentleman
- Josephe Newbroughesmith [Joseph Newbridge, smith]
- Josias Mande [Mand]
- Raphe Haman, the younger [Hamer]
- Edward Brewster, the sonne of William Brewster
- Leonard Harwood, mercer
- Phillipp Druerdent
- William Carpenter
- Tristram Hill
- Roberte Cock, grocer
- Laurence Grene, grocer [Greene]
- Daniell Winche, grocer [Samuel Winch]
- Humfrey Stile, grocer
- Averie Dransfeild, grocer [Dransfield]
- Edwarde Hodges, grocer
- Edward Beale, grocer
- Raphe Busby, grocer
- John Whittingham, grocer
- John Hide, grocer
- Mathew Shipperd, grocer [Shepherd]
- Thomas Allen, grocer
- Richard Hooker, grocer
- Laurence Munckas, grocer [Munks]
- John Tanner, grocer
- Peter Gate, grocer
- John Blunt, grocer
- Roberte Berrisford, grocer
- Thomas Wells, gentleman
- John Ellis, grocer
- Henrie Colthurst, grocer
- John Cranage, grocer [Cavady]
- Thomas Jenings, grocer [Jennings]
- Edmond Peshall, grocer [Pashall]
- Timothie Bathurst, grocer
- Gyles Parslowe, grocer [Parslow]
- Roberte Johnson, grocer [Richard]
- William Janson, vintener [Johnson]
- Ezechiell Smith
- Richard Murrettone [Martin]
- William Sharpe
- Roberte Ritche [Rich]
- William Stannerd, inholder [Stannard]
- John Stocken
- William Strachey, gentleman
- George Farmer, gentleman
- Thomas Gypes, clothworker
- Abraham Dawes, gentleman [Davies]
- Thomas Brockett, gentleman [Brocket]
- George Bathe, fishmonger [Bache]
- John Dike, fishmonger
- Henrie Spranger
- Richard Farringdon [Farrington]
- Chistopher Vertue, vintener
- Thomas Baley, vintener [Bayley]
- George Robins, vintener
- Tobias Hinson, grocer
- Urian Spencer [Vrian]
- Clement Chachelley [Chicheley]
- John Searpe, gentleman [Scarpe]
- James Cambell, iremonnger [Campbell]
- Christopher Clitherowe, iremonnger [Clitheroe]
- Phillipp Jacobson
- Peter Jacobson, of Andwarpe
- William Barckley [Berkeley]
- Miles Banck, cutler [Banks]
- Peter Highley, grocer [Higgons]
- Henrie John, gentleman
- John Stoakley, merchauntailor [Stokeley]
- The companie of mercers
- The companie of grocers
- The companie of drapers
- The company of fishmongers
- The companie of gouldsmithes
- The companie of skynners
- The companie merchauntailors
- The companie of haberdashers
- The companie of salters
- The companie of iremongers
- The companie of vintners
- The companie of clothworkers
- The companie of dyers
- The companie of bruers
- The companie of lethersellers
- The companie of pewterers
- The companie of cutlers
- The companie of whitebakers
- The companie of waxchaundlers
- The companie of tallowe chaundlers
- The companie of armorers
- The companie of girdlers
- The companie of butchers
- The companie of sadlers
- The companie of carpenters
- The companie of cordwayners
- The companie of barbor chirurgions
- The companie of painter stayners
- The companie of curriers
- The companie of masons
- The companie of plumbers
- The companie of inholders
- The companie of founders
- The companie of poulterers
- The companie of cookes
- The companie of coopers
- The companie of tylers and bncklayers
- The companie of bowyers
- The companie of Retchers
- The companie of blacksmithes
- The companie of joyners
- The companie of weavers
- The companie of wollmen
- The companie of wood monnvers
- The companie of scrivenors
- The companie of fruterers
- The companie of plasterers
- The companie of brownebakers
- The companie of stacioners
- The companie of imbroderers
- The companie of upholsters
- The companie of musicions
- The companie of turners
- The companie of baskettmakers
- The companie of glasiers
- John Levett, merchaunt [Levet]
- Thomas Nomicott, clothworker [Nomicot]
- Richard Venn, haberdasher
- Thomas Scott, gentleman [Scot]
- Thomas Juxson, merchauntaylor [Juxon]
- George Hankinson
- Thomas Leeyer, gentleman [Seyer]
- Mathew Cooper
- Gorge Butler, gentleman
- Thomas Lawson, gentleman
- Edward Smith, haberdasher
- Stephen Sparrowe
- John Jones, merchaunt
- [John] Reynold, brewer [Reynolds]
- Thomas Plummer, merchaunt
- James Duppa, bruer
- Rowland Coytemore [Coitmore]
- William Sotherne [Southerne]
- Gorge Whittmoore, haberdasher [Whitmore]
- Anthonie Gosoulde, the younger [Gosnold]
- John Allen, fishemonger
- John Kettlebye, gentleman [Kettleby]
- Symonde Yeomans, fishmonger [Simon]
- Richard Chene, gouldsmithe
- Launcelot Davis, gentleman [Clene]
- John Hopkins, an alderman of Bristoll
- George Hooker, gentlernan
- Roberte Shevinge, yeoman [Chening]
And to such and so
manie as they doe or shall hereafter admitt to be joyned with them, in forme
hereafter in theis presentes expressed, whether they goe in their persons to be
planters there in the said plantacion, or whether they goe not, but doe
adventure their monyes, goods or chattels, that they shalbe one bodie or
communaltie perpetuall and shall have perpetual succession and one common seale
to serve for the saide bodie or communaltie; and that they and their successors
shalbe knowne, called and incorporated by the name of The Tresorer and Companie
of Adventurers and Planters of the Citty of London for the Firste Collonie in
Virginia.
And that they and
their successors shalbe from hensforth, forever enabled to take, acquire and
purchase, by the name aforesaid (licens for the same from us, oure heires or
successors first had and obtained) anie manner of lands, tenements and
hereditaments, goods and chattels, within oure realme of England and dominion of
Wales; and that they and their successors shalbe likewise enabled, by the name
aforesaid, to pleade and to be impleaded before anie of oure judges or justices,
in anie oure courts, and in anie accions or suits whatsoever.
And wee doe also, of
oure said speciall grace, certaine knowl- edge and mere mocion, give, grannte
and confirme unto the said Tresorer and Companie, and their successors, under
the reservacions, limittacions and declaracions hereafter expressed, all those
lands, countries and territories scituat, lieinge and beinge in that place of
America called Virginia, from the pointe of lande called Cape or Pointe Comfort
all alonge the seacoste to the northward twoe hundred miles and from the said
pointe of Cape Comfort all alonge the sea coast to the southward twoe hundred
miles; and all that space and circuit of lande lieinge from the sea coaste of
the precinct aforesaid upp unto the lande, throughoute, from sea to sea, west
and northwest; and also all the island beinge within one hundred miles alonge
the coaste of bothe seas of the precincte aforesaid; togeather with all the
soiles, groundes, havens and portes, mynes, aswell royall mynes of golde and
silver as other mineralls, pearles and precious stones, quarries, woods, rivers,
waters, fishings, comodities, jurisdictions, royalties, priviledges, franchisies
and preheminences within the said territorie and the precincts there of
whatsoever; and thereto or there abouts, both by sea and lande, beinge or in
anie sorte belonginge or appertayninge, and which wee by oure lettres patents
maie or cann graunte; and in as ample manner and sorte as wee or anie oure noble
progenitors have heretofore graunted to anie companie, bodie pollitique or
corporate, or to anie adventurer or adventurers, undertaker or undertakers, of
anie discoveries, plantacions or traffique of, in, or into anie forraine parts
whatsoever; and in as large and ample manner as if the same were herin
particulerly mentioned and expressed: to have, houlde, possesse and enjoye all
and singuler the said landes, countries and territories with all and singuler
other the premisses heretofore by theis [presents] graunted or mencioned to be
grannted, to them, the said Tresorer and Companie, their successors and assignes,
forever; to the sole and proper use of them, the said Tresorer and Companie,
their successors and assignes [forever], to be holden of us, oure heires and
successors, as of oure mannour of Estgreenewich, in free and common socage and
not in capite; yeldinge and payinge, therefore, to us, oure heires and
successors, the fifte parte onlie of all oare of gould and silver that from tvme
to time, and at all times hereafter, shalbe there gotton, had and obtained, for
all manner of service.
And, nevertheles, oure
will and pleasure is, and wee doe by theis presentes chardge, commannde, warrant
and auctorize, that the said Tresorer and Companie and their successors, or the
major parte of them which shall be present and assembled for that purpose, shall
from time to time under their common seale distribute, convey, assigne and set
over such particuler porcions of lands, tenements and hereditaments, by theise
presents formerly grannted, unto such oure lovinge subjects naturallie borne of
denizens, or others, aswell adventurers as planters, as by the said Companie,
upon a commission of survey and distribucion executed and retourned for that
purpose, shalbe named, appointed and allowed, wherein oure will and pleasure is,
that respect be had as well of the proporcion of the adventure[r] as to the
speciall service, hazarde, exploite or meritt of anie person so as to be
recompenced, advannced or rewarded.
And for as muche as
the good and prosperous successe of the said plantacion cannot but cheiflie
depende, next under the blessinge of God and the supporte of oure royall
aucthoritie, upon the provident and good direccion of the whole enterprise by a
carefull and understandinge Counsell, and that it is not convenient that all the
adventurers shalbe so often drawne to meete and assemble as shalbe requisite for
them to have metings and conference aboute theire affaires, therefore we doe
ordaine, establishe and confirme that there shalbe perpetually one Counsell here
resident, accordinge to the tenor of oure former lettres patents, which Counsell
shall have a seale for the better governement and administracion of the said
plantacion besides the legall seale of the Companie or Corporacion, as in oure
former lettres patents is also expressed.
And further wee
establishe and ordaine that
- Henrie, Earl of Southampton
- William, Earl of Pembrooke
- Henrie, Earl of Lincoln
- Thomas, Earl of Exeter
- Roberte, Lord Viscounte Lisle
- Lord Theophilus Howard
- James, Lord Bishopp of Bathe and Wells
- Edward, Lord Zouche
- Thomas, Lord Laware
- William, Lord Mounteagle
- Edmunde, Lord Sheffeilde
- Grey, Lord Shanndoys [Chandois]
- John, Lord Stanhope
- George, Lord Carew
- Sir Humfrey Welde, Lord Mayor of London
- Sir Edward Cecil
- Sir William Waad [Wade]
- Sir Henrie Nevill
- Sir Thomas Smith
- Sir Oliver Cromwell
- Sir Peter Manwood
- Sir Thomas Challoner
- Sir Henrie Hovarte [Hobart]
- Sir Franncis Bacon
- Sir George Coppin
- Sir John Scott
- Sir Henrie Carey
- Sir Roberte Drurie [Drury]
- Sir Horatio Vere
- Sir Eward Conwaye [Conway]
- Sir Maurice Berkeley [Barkeley]
- Sir Thomas Gates
- Sir Michaele Sands [Sandys]
- Sir Roberte Mansfeild [Mansel]
- Sir John Trevor
- Sir Amyas Preston
- Sir William Godolphin
- Sir Walter Cope
- Sir Robert Killigrewe
- Sir Henrie Faushawe [Fanshaw]
- Sir Edwyn Sandes [Sandys]
- Sir John Watts
- Sir Henrie Montague
- Sir William Romney
- Sir Thomas Roe
- Sir Baptiste Hicks
- Sir Richard Williamson
- Sir Stephen Powle [Poole]
- Sir Dudley Diggs
- Christopher Brooke, [Esq.]
- John Eldred, and
- John Wolstenholme
shalbe oure Counsell
for the said Companie of Adventurers and Planters in Virginia.
And the said Sir
Thomas Smith wee ordaine to be Tresorer of the said Companie, which Tresorer
shall have aucthoritie to give order for the warninge of the Counsell and
sommoninge the Companie to their courts and meetings.
And the said Counsell
and Tresorer or anie of them shalbe from henceforth nominated, chosen, contynued,
displaced, chaunged, altered and supplied, as death or other severall occasions
shall require, out of the Companie of the said adventurers by the voice of the
greater parte of the said Counsell and adventurers in their assemblie for that
purpose; provided alwaies that everie Councellor so newlie elected shalbe
presented to the Lord Channcellor of England, or to the Lord Highe Treasurer of
England, or the Lord Chambleyne of the housholde of us, oure heires and
successors, for the tyme beinge to take his oathe of a Counsellor to us, oure
heires and successors, for the said Companie and Collonie in Virginia.
And wee doe by theis
presents, of oure especiall grace, certaine knowledge and meere motion, for us,
oure heires and successors, grannte unto the said Tresorer and Companie and
their successors, that if it happen at anie time or times the Tresorer for the
tyme beinge to be sick, or to have anie such cause of absente from the cittie of
London as shalbe allowed by the said Counsell or the greater parte of them
assembled, so as he cannot attende the affaires of that Companie, in everie such
case it shall and maie be lawfull for such Tresorer for the tyme beinge to
assigne, constitute and appointe one of the Counsell for Companie to be likewise
allowed by the Counsell or the greater parte of them assembled to be the deputie
Tresorer for the said Companie; which Deputie shall have power to doe and
execute all things which belonge to the said Tresorer duringe such tyme as such
Tresorer shalbe sick or otherwise absent, upon cause allowed of by the said
Counsell or the major parte of them as aforesaid, so fullie and wholie and in as
large and ample manner and forme and to all intents and purposes as the said
Tresorer if he were present himselfe maie or might doe and execute the same.
And further of oure
especiall grace, certaine knowledge and meere mocion, for us, oure heires and
successors, wee doe by theis presents give and grannt full power and aucthoritie
to oure said Counsell here resident aswell at this present tyme as hereafter,
from time to time, to nominate, make, constitute, ordaine and confirme by such
name or names, stile or stiles as to them shall seeme good, and likewise to
revoke, dischardge, channge and alter aswell all and singuler governors, oficers
and ministers which alreadie hath ben made, as also which hereafter shalbe by
them thought fitt and meedefull to be made or used for the government of the
said Colonie and plantacion.
And also to make,
ordaine and establishe all manner of orders, lawes, directions, instructions,
formes and ceremonies of government and magistracie, fitt and necessarie, for
and concerninge the government of the said Colonie and plantacion; and the same
att all tymes hereafter to abrogate, revoke or chaunge, not onely within the
precincts of the said Colonie but also upon the seas in goeing and cominge to
and from the said Collonie, as they in their good discrecions shall thinke to be
fittest for [the] good of the adventurers and inhabiters there.
And we doe also
declare that for divers reasons and consideracions us thereunto especiallie
moving, oure will and pleasure is and wee doe hereby ordaine that imediatlie
from and after such time as anie such governour or principall officer so to be
nominated and appointed by oure said Counsell for the governement of the said
Colonie, as aforesaid, shall arive in Virginia and give notice unto the Collonie
there resident of oure pleasure in this behalfe, the government, power and
aucthority of the President and Counsell, heretofore by oure former lettres
patents there established, and all lawes and constitucions by them formerlie
made, shall utterly cease and be determined; and all officers, governours and
ministers formerly constituted or appointed shalbe dischardged, anie thinge in
oure said former lettres patents conserninge the said plantacion contayned in
aniewise to the contrarie notwithstandinge; streightlie chardginge and
commaundinge the President and Counsell nowe resident in the said Collonie upon
their alleadgiance after knowledge given unto them of oure will and pleasure by
theis presentes signified and declared, that they forth with be obedient to such
governor or governers as by oure said Counsell here resident shalbe named and
appointed as aforesaid; and to all direccions, orders and commandements which
they shall receive from them, aswell in the present resigninge and giveinge upp
of their aucthoritie, offices, chardg and places, as in all other attendannce as
shalbe by them from time to time required.
And wee doe further by
theis presentes ordaine and establishe that the said Tresorer and Counsell here
resident, and their successors or anie fower of them assembled (the Tresorer
beinge one), shall from time to time have full power and aucthoritie to admitt
and receive anie other person into their companie, corporacion and freedome; and
further, in a generall assemblie of the adventurers, with the consent of the
greater parte upon good cause, to disfranchise and putt oute anie person or
persons oute of the said fredome and Companie.
And wee doe also
grannt and confirme for us, oure heires and successors that it shalbe lawfull
for the said Tresorer and Companie and their successors, by direccion of the
Governors there, to digg and to serche for all manner of mynes of goulde,
silver, copper, iron, leade, tinne and other mineralls aswell within the
precincts aforesaid as within anie parte of the maine lande not formerly
graunted to anie other; and to have and enjoye the gould, silver, copper, iron,
leade, and tinn, and all other mineralls to be gotten thereby, to the use and
behoofe of the said Companie of Planters and Adventurers, yeldinge therefore and
payinge yerelie unto us, oure heires and successors, as aforesaid.
And wee doe further of
oure speciall grace, certaine knowledge and meere motion, for us, oure heires
and successors, grannt, by theis presents to and withe the said Tresorer and
Companie and their successors, that it shalbe lawfull and free for them and
their assignes at all and everie time and times here after, oute of oure realme
of England and oute of all other [our] dominions, to take and leade into the
said voyage, and for and towards the said plantacion, and to travell
thitherwards and to abide and inhabite therein the said Colonie and plantacion,
all such and so manie of oure lovinge subjects, or anie other straungers that
wilbecomme oure lovinge subjects and live under oure allegiance, as shall
willinglie accompanie them in the said voyadge and plantation with sufficient
shippinge armour, weapons, ordinannce, municion, powder, shott, victualls, and
such merchaundize or wares as are esteemed by the wilde people in those parts,
clothinge, implements, furnitures, catle, horses and mares, and all other
thinges necessarie for the said plantation and for their use and defence and
trade with the people there, and in passinge and retourninge to and from without
yeldinge or payinge subsedie, custome, imposicion, or anie other taxe or duties
to us, oure heires or successors, for the space of seaven yeares from the date
of theis presents; provided, that none of the said persons be such as shalbe
hereafter by speciall name restrained by us, oure heires or successors.
And for their further
encouragement, of oure speciall grace and favour, wee doe by theis present for
us, oure heires and successors, yeild and graunte to and with the said Tresorer
and Companie and their successors and everie of them, their factors and assignes,
that they and every of them shalbe free and quiett of all subsedies and customes
in Virginia for the space of one and twentie yeres, and from all taxes and
imposicions for ever, upon anie goods or merchaundizes at anie time or times
hereafter, either upon importation thither or exportation from thence into oure
realme of England or into anie other of oure [realms or] dominions, by the said
Tresorer and Companie and their successors, their deputies, factors [or]
assignes or anie of them, except onlie the five pound per centum due for custome
upon all such good and merchanndizes as shalbe brought or imported into oure
realme of England or anie other of theis oure dominions accordinge to the
auncient trade of merchannts, which five poundes per centum onely beinge paid,
it shalbe thensforth lawfull and free for the said Adventurers the same goods
[and] merchaundizes to export and carrie oute of oure said dominions into
forraine partes without anie custome, taxe or other duty tO be paide to us oure
heires or successors or to anie other oure officers or deputies; provided, that
the saide goods and merchaundizes be shipped out within thirteene monethes after
their first landinge within anie parte of those dominions.
And wee doe also
confirme and grannt to the said Tresorer and Companie, and their successors, as
also to all and everie such governer or other officers and ministers as by oure
said Counsell shalbe appointed, to have power and aucthoritie of governement and
commannd in or over the said Colonie or plantacion; that they and everie of them
shall and lawfullie maie from tyme to tyme and at all tymes forever hereafter,
for their severall defence and safetie, enconnter, expulse, repell and resist by
force and armes, aswell by sea as by land, and all waies and meanes whatsoever,
all and everie such person and persons whatsoever as without the speciall licens
of the said Tresorer and Companie and their successors shall attempte to
inhabite within the said severall precincts and lymitts of the said Colonie and
plantacion; and also, all and everie such person and persons whatsoever as shall
enterprise, or attempte at anie time hereafter, destruccion, invasion, hurte,
detriment or annoyannce to the said Collonye and plantacion, as is likewise
specified in the said former grannte.
And that it shalbe
lawful for the said Tresorer and Companie, and their successors and everie of
them, from time to time and at all times hereafter, and they shall have full
power and aucthoritie, to take and surprise by all waies and meanes whatsoever
all and everie person and persons whatsoever, with their shippes, goods and
other furniture, traffiquinge in anie harbor, creeke or place within the limitts
or precincts of the said Colonie and plantacion, [not] being allowed by the said
Companie to be adventurers or planters of the said Colonie, untill such time as
they beinge of anie realmes or dominions under oure obedience shall paie or
agree to paie, to the hands of the Tresorer or [of] some other officer deputed
by the said governors in Virginia (over and above such subsedie and custome as
the said Companie is or here after shalbe to paie) five poundes per centum upon
all goods and merchaundizes soe brought in thither, and also five per centum
upon all goods by them shipped oute from thence; and being straungers and not
under oure obedience untill they have payed (over and above such subsedie and
custome as the same Tresorer and Companie and their successors is or hereafter
shalbe to paie) tenn pounds per centum upon all such goods, likewise carried in
and oute, any thinge in the former lettres patents to the contrarie not
withstandinge; and the same sommes of monie and benefitt as aforesaid for and
duringe the space of one and twentie yeares shalbe wholie imploied to the
benefitt and behoof of the said Colonie and plantacion; and after the saide one
and twentie yeares ended, the same shalbe taken to the use of us, oure heires or
successors, by such officer and minister as by us, oure heires or successors,
shalbe thereunto assigned and appointed, as is specified in the said former
lettres patents.
Also wee doe, for us,
oure heires and successors, declare by theis presents, that all and everie the
persons beinge oure subjects which shall goe and inhabit within the said Colonye
and plantacion, and everie of their children and posteritie which shall happen
to be borne within [any] the lymitts thereof, shall have [and] enjoye all
liberties, franchesies and immunities of free denizens and naturall subjects
within anie of oure other dominions to all intents and purposes as if they had
bine abidinge and borne within this oure kingdome of England or in anie other of
oure dominions.
And forasmuch as it
shalbe necessarie for all such our lovinge subjects as shall inhabitt within the
said precincts of Virginia aforesaid to determine to live togither in the feare
and true woorshipp of Almightie God, Christian peace and civill quietnes, each
with other, whereby everie one maie with more safety, pleasure and profitt
enjoye that where unto they shall attaine with great paine and perill, wee, for
us, oure heires and successors, are likewise pleased and contented and by theis
presents doe give and graunte unto the said Tresorer and Companie and their
successors and to such governors, officers and ministers as shalbe, by oure said
Councell, constituted and appointed, accordinge to the natures and lymitts of
their offices and places respectively, that they shall and maie from time to
time for ever hereafter, within the said precincts of Virginia or in the waie by
the seas thither and from thence, have full and absolute power and aucthority to
correct, punishe, pardon, governe and rule all such the subjects of us, oure
heires and successors as shall from time to time adventure themselves in anie
voiadge thither or that shall at anie tyme hereafter inhabitt in the precincts
and territorie of the said Colonie as aforesaid, accordinge to such order,
ordinaunces, constitution, directions and instruccions as by oure said Counsell,
as aforesaid, shalbe established; and in defect thereof, in case of necessitie
according to the good discretions of the said governours and officers
respectively, aswell in cases capitall and criminall as civill, both marine and
other, so alwaies as the said statuts, ordinannces and proceedinges as neere as
convenientlie maie be, be agreable to the lawes, statutes, government and
pollicie of this oure realme of England.
And we doe further of
oure speciall grace, certeine knowledge and mere mocion, grant, declare and
ordaine that such principall governour as from time to time shall dulie and
lawfullie be aucthorised and appointed, in manner and forme in theis presents
heretofore expressed, shall [have] full power and aucthoritie to use and
exercise marshall lawe in cases of rebellion or mutiny in as large and ample
manner as oure leiutenant in oure counties within oure realme of England have or
ought to have by force of their comissions of lieutenancy. And furthermore, if
anie person or persons, adventurers or planters, of the said Colonie, or anie
other at anie time or times hereafter, shall transporte anie monyes, goods or
marchaundizes oute of anie [of] oure kingdomes with a pretence or purpose to
lande, sell or otherwise dispose the same within the lymitts and bounds of the
said Collonie, and yet nevertheles beinge at sea or after he hath landed within
anie part of the said Colonie shall carrie the same into anie other forraine
Countrie, with a purpose there to sell and dispose there of that, then all the
goods and chattels of the said person or persons so offendinge and transported,
together with the shipp or vessell wherein such transportacion was made, shalbe
forfeited to us, oure heires and successors.
And further, oure will
and pleasure is, that in all questions and doubts that shall arrise upon anie
difficultie of construccion or interpretacion of anie thinge contained either in
this or in oure said former lettres patents, the same shalbe taken and
interpreted in most ample and beneficiall manner for the said Tresorer and
Companie and their successors and everie member there of.
And further, wee doe
by theis presents ratifie and confirme unto the said Tresorer and Companie and
their successors all privuleges, franchesies, liberties and immunties graunted
in oure said former lettres patents and not in theis oure lettres patents
revoked, altered, channged or abridged.
And finallie, oure
will and pleasure is and wee doe further hereby for us, oure heires and
successors grannte and agree, to and with the said Tresorer and Companie and
their successors, that all and singuler person and persons which shall at anie
time or times hereafter adventure anie somme or sommes of money in and towards
the said plantacion of the said Colonie in Virginia and shalbe admitted by the
said Counsell and Companie as adventurers of the said Colonie, in forme
aforesaid, and shalbe enrolled in the booke or record of the adventurers of the
said Companye, shall and maie be accompted, accepted, taken, helde and reputed
Adventurers of the said Collonie and shall and maie enjoye all and singuler
grannts, priviledges, liberties, benefitts, profitts, commodities [and
immunities], advantages and emoluments whatsoever as fullie, largely, amplie and
absolutely as if they and everie of them had ben precisely, plainely, singulerly
and distinctly named and inserted in theis oure lettres patents.
And lastely, because
the principall effect which wee cann desier or expect of this action is the
conversion and reduccion of the people in those partes unto the true worshipp of
God and Christian religion, in which respect wee would be lothe that anie person
should be permitted to passe that wee suspected to affect the superstitions of
the Churche of Rome, wee doe hereby declare that it is oure will and pleasure
that none be permitted to passe in anie voiadge from time to time to be made
into the saide countrie but such as firste shall have taken the oath of
supremacie, for which purpose wee doe by theise presents give full power and
aucthoritie to the Tresorer for the time beinge, and anie three of the Counsell,
to tender and exhibite the said oath to all such persons as shall at anie time
be sent and imploied in the said voiadge.
Although expresse
mention [of the true yearly value or certainty of the premises, or any of them,
or of any other gifts or grants, by us or any of our progenitors or
predecessors, to the aforesaid Treasurer and Company heretofore made, in these
presents is not made; or any act, statute, ordinance, provision, proclamation,
or restraint, to the contrary hereof had, made, ordained, or provided, or any
other thing, cause, or matter, whatsoever, in any wise notwithstanding.] In
witnes whereof [we have caused these our letters to be made patent. Witness
ourself at Westminster, the 23d day of May (1609) in the seventh year of our
reign of England, France, and Ireland, and of Scotland the ****]
Per ipsum Regem
exactum.
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