CHRISTOPHER GIST DID NOT GO
THROUGH POUND GAP
By L. F. Addington
Commemorative
Sign located at Pound Gap
Although there is a
highway marker in Pound Gap stating that Christopher Gist, returning
from exploring the Ohio
Valley for the Ohio Land
Company of Virginia,
in 1751 crossed the gap, another marker in Norton states the explorer
was there also. Careful research, however, proves he was at neither
place. Instead, he traversed the present bounds of Buchanan
County.
In the Annals of Southwest Virginia, by Lewis Preston Summers, a footnote
states that on April 18,
1751, Gist went down Gist's River (Guest
River) to Clinch
River, and from there traveled to the Pinnacle of Mercer
County, West Virginia, just north of the present city of Bluefield.
Early historians mapped the explorer's mile journey in the same direction
and such maps became fixed in historians' literature and it is likely
that Mr. Summers, as well as other later writers, accepted without
question the errors made by the first map markers of the journey.
Instead of Gist's being at the fork of Guest and Clinch
Rivers, April 18, 1751, he was more likely to have been
at the confluence of Russell Fork and the Louisa Fork of the Big Sandy.
Why reason thus?� Gist was a
surveyor. He set his course daily, often several times daily. Of course,
he must have guessed the number of miles traveled in each direction.
Yet, if one will use a protractor to determine the directions on a
map, the miles arrive, in each direction, at a fairly accurate course
of his journey.
The best way to begin
is to start with his journal of May
1, 1751, "Set out N 75 E 10 M, to a mountain on top
of which was a rock of 60 or 70 feet high." Historians agree
that this was what is known as the Pinnacle in Mercer
County, West Virginia.
Gist said of the area April 30, "to a little river on a creek
called the Blue Stone."� Now, if one will follow the explorer's daily
directions backward, he will come to or near the confluence of Russell
Fork and the Louisa Fork of the Big Sandy. Plat back eastward and
you will arrive at or near the Pinnacle showing he crossed the area
of Buchanan, a short distance north of the present town of Grundy.� Evidence is to the effect that he did not follow
the Tug Fork of the Big Sandy, which flows within its bounds, but,
just as he had gone around the heads of the Cuttaway
(Kentucky River) because of swollen streams,
he followed ridge crests.� April 23, he entered in his journal, "Set
out E 8 M along a ridge and encamped among
very steep mountains." The following day he wrote, "Through
steep mountains and thickets." (Buchanan
County)
Now let us assume the explorer was at Norton, on the fork of Guest
and Clinch Rivers,
and plat his journey again. We would find he would have to travel
southeastward through present Washington
County, near Abingdon,
thence to his home on the Yadkin
River in North
Carolina.
Instead, he went eastward from the Pinnacle and explored the environs
of Mountain Lake
in Giles County"
....to a very high mountain up on top of which was a lake about 3/4
of a mile long and 1/4 mile wide fed with six fine springs."
The tradition, existing in Wise
County, that Gist named
Guest River
and built on the grounds where Coeburn now stands a cabin called Guest
Station, must also go. The tradition that he named Toms Creek, flowing
through Coeburn, for his son, Thomas is likewise unfounded. First
of all, his journal shows he traveled much and tarried nowhere long
enough to build a cabin. It is hoped the true facts concerning the
building of Guest Station can yet be unearthed. There surely was such
a station. For a long time the postoffice
here bore this name. History records that some Gists
lived along Clinch River. In all probability, one of them built Guest
Station.�