TOWNS TABLE

Would you like to volunteer to assist with one of the Grafton County, NH Towns?  Please visit the Town Coordinators' guidelines page, and contact: Ann Mensch

 

 

 

HISTORY

 

·         Gazetteer of Grafton County, N.H., 1709-1886, by Hamilton Child, Syracuse, N.Y.: H. Child, June 1886.

·         New Hampshire Historical Highway Markers

 

GENERAL GRAFTON COUNTY RESOURCES

·         Grafton County, New Hampshire Profile

·         Grafton County Quick Facts (Census Bureau)

·         Grafton County, New Hampshire (official)

o   Map of Grafton County Cities and Towns

·         NHGenWeb Tombstone Project   & Contents for Grafton County 

·         Rootsweb Genealogy Mailing Lists

·         A Genealogical Dictionary of  The First Settlers of New England, Before 1692, Vols. 1-4 , By James Savage.

·         NHGenWeb Archives

·         1895 Map of Grafton County, New Hampshire, by Pam Rietsch

·         Use the query form, at USGS, to map features including cemeteries, churches, populated places, and more.  Please note that the map town listed with a feature may be used as a map reference for the site, and may not be the town where the feature is actually located...Select a map to see the location of the actual feature.  This database may not be complete, and, as with any database, there may be errors.

§  Franconia Notch State Park, Grafton County, NH

§  The Appalachian Trail- from Katahdin, Maine to Springer Mountain in Georgia, passes through Grafton County, NH.

§  Grafton County Historic & Genealogy Society    P.O. Box 1163 - Ashland, NH 03217.

CENSUS RESOURCES

 

·         The 1940 U. S. Census

·         familysearch.org – 1790 Census

·         familysearch.org – 1800 Census

·         familysearch.org – 1810 Census

·         familysearch.org – 1820 Census

·         familysearch.org – 1830 Census

·         familysearch.org – 1840 Census

·         familysearch.org – 1850 Census

·         familysearch.org – 1860 Census

·         familysearch.org – 1870 Census

·         familysearch.org - 1880 Census Index - Excellent resource!!!

·         familysearch.org – 1900 Census

·         familysearch.org – 1910 Census

·         familysearch.org – 1920 Census

·         Obtaining EDs for the 1930 Census in One Step (Large Cities), by Stephen P. Morse, PhD, Joel D. Weintraub, PhD and David R. Kehs, PhD

·         familysearch.org – 1930 Census

·         familysearch.org – 1940 Census

·               1900 U. S. Census Population Schedules:  for Grafton County, New Hampshire: (Roll 947)

• 1900 Census Roll 947. Grafton County

·               1850 U. S. Census Population Schedules:  for Grafton County, New Hampshire: (Rolls 431 and 432)

• 1850 Census Roll 431. Grafton County (part)
• 1850 Census Roll 432. Grafton County (part)

·         Census Enumerator Instructions for Each Census Year, 1850-2000

·         NARA: National Archives and Records Administration

§  The Genealogy Page.

§  About Census Records

§  Clues in Census Records, 1790-1840

§  Clues in Census Records, 1850-1930

§  Indian Census Rolls

§  Nonpopulation Census Records

§  Prologue, Spring 1996, Vol. 28, No. 1, "First in the Path of the Firemen" The Fate of the 1890 Population Census,” by Kellee Blake.

 

DEEDS RESOURCES

·         Grafton County Register Of Deeds   

3855 Dartmouth College Highway, Box 4, North Haverhill, NH  03774;  Phone: 603-787-6921.

 

PROBATE RESOURCES

·         Grafton County, New Hampshire (official)

·         Grafton County Circuit Court Probate Division    

3785 Dartmouth College Highway, Box 3, North Haverhill, NH  03774;  Phone: 1-855-212-1234.

·         Rules of Practice and Procedure in the Probate Courts of the State of New Hampshire.

 

NEW HAMPSHIRE STATE RESOURCES

·         New Hampshire Historical Society

·         The State of New Hampshire

·         New Hampshire Department of Cultural Resources

o   20 Park Street - Concord, NH 03301;  Phone: 603-271-2540.

§  New Hampshire Division of Historical Resources

§  19 Pillsbury Street - Box 2043, Concord, NH 03301-2043.  

§  American Canadian French Cultural Exchange Commission.

§  New Hampshire State Data Center

·         New Hampshire State Library

   20 Park Street - Concord, NH 03301;   Phone: 603-271-2144.

o    History & Genealogy Section

·         Directory of New Hampshire Libraries - by city and town.

·         State of New Hampshire Division of Archives and Records Management

71 South Fruit Street, Concord, NH 03301;  Phone: 603-271-2236

Genealogy Resources among the collection (includes early probate, land, military and naturalization records)

Index to The Provincial and State Papers of New Hampshire at http://www.sos.nh.gov/archives/PDF/Index_NH_State_Papers.pdf

New Hampshire State Papers at http://www.sos.nh.gov/archives/nhstatepapers.html

·                                 Cemetery Junction for New Hampshire Cemeteries

·                                 New Hampshire Historical Highway Markers

·                                 New Hampshire Covered Bridges

·                                 Annual Reports for New Hampshire Towns, 1800s-2000s

 

VITAL RECORDS

o   In New Hampshire, vital records may be requested from the town clerk of the town in which the event occurred or the New Hampshire Department of State, Division of Vital Records Administration (DVRA).  See the TOWNS TABLE to find information about the local town clerks.

o   Obtaining Vital Records Fact Sheet

o   Town Clerks: What do they do—and do they have a boss?  New Hampshire Town and City, October 2006, By Kimberly Hallquist, Esq.

"... A vital role of the town clerk is as keeper of all of the town’s public records..."

o   New Hampshire Vital Records

 71 South Fruit Street - Concord, NH 03301

o   Vital Records Access Policy

·         New Hampshire Birth Records, Early to 1900 – An Index

 

CEMETERIES RESOURCES

·         USGenWeb Tombstone Transcription Project for Grafton County, NH

·         Find A Grave for Grafton County, New Hampshire Cemeteries

·         The Political Graveyard , for Grafton County, created and maintained by Lawrence Kestenbaum , a web site about U.S. political history, politicians and cemeteries.

 

MAPS RESOURCES

o   State of New Hampshire

o   1860 New Hampshire and Vermont Map - with towns

o   1860 Grafton County Maps

o   Use the query form, at USGS, to map features including cemeteries, churches, populated places, and more.  Please note that the map town listed with a feature may be used as a map reference for the site, and may not be the town where the feature is actually located...Select a map to see the location of the actual feature.  This database may not be complete, and, as with any database, there may be errors.

 

MILITARY RESOURCES

o   Men and Women of New Hampshire who Served During the Civil War, by Fred Kunchick.

o   Civil War:  NPS:  Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System

o   Military Records available from the National Archives

o   Military Service and Pension Records: Requesting Pre-WWI

 

GENERAL GENEALOGY RESOURCES

·         NARA: National Archives and Records Administration

o    The Genealogy Page.

o    About Census Records

o    Clues in Census Records, 1790-1840

o    Clues in Census Records, 1850-1930

o    Indian Census Rolls

o    Nonpopulation Census Records

o    Prologue, Spring 1996, Vol. 28, No. 1, "First in the Path of the Firemen" The Fate of the 1890 Population Census,” by Kellee Blake.

• Native American Records
• Immigration Records and Naturalization Records
• "Any woman who is now or hereafter may be married... Women and Naturalization, ca. 1802-1940", by Marian L. Smith (Prologue, Summer 1998)
• By Way of Canada: U.S. Records of Immigration Across the U.S.-Canadian Border, 1895-1954, By Marian L. Smith (St. Albans Lists) (Fall 2000) — A guide to using immigration records of the U.S.-Canada border.
• Military Records available from the National Archives
• Military Service and Pension Records: Requesting Pre-WWI
• Civil War Records: An Introduction and Invitation, By Michael P. Musick  (Prologue, Summer 1995)
• Women Soldiers of the Civil War, by DeAnne Blanton (Prologue, Spring 1993)
• Sailors, Soldiers, and Marines of the Spanish-American War: The Legacy of USS Maine, By Rebecca Livingston (Prologue, Spring 1998).
• They Answered the Call: Military Service in the United States Army during World War I, 1917-1919  (Prologue, Fall 1998). -- A guide to looking for information about World War I army veterans - By Mitchell Yockelson.
• State-level Lists of Casualties from the Korean Conflict (1951-1957) and the Vietnam Conflict , By Theodore J. Hull, (Prologue, Spring 2000).
• Indian Bounty Land Applications, By Mary Frances Morrow (Prologue,
• American Indians A Select Catalog of NARA Microfilm Publications Snakes & Scribes: The Dawes Commission and the Enrollment of the Creeks, By Kent Carter, in "Prologue" (Prologue, Spring 1997)
• Genealogical Fallout from the War of 1812, By Ruth Priest Dixon (Prologue, Spring 1992) - "...The impressment of American seamen by the British was one of the causes of the War of 1812. The practice also resulted in the creation of extensive records about merchant seamen that are of great value to genealogists and historians..."
• Genealogical Records of the War of 1812, By Stuart L. Butler (Prologue, Winter 1991) - "...National Archives records created during and after the War of 1812 offer the genealogist a diverse and fertile ground in which to obtain invaluable family information..."
• Preserving the Legacy of the United States Colored Troops, by Budge Weidman (Prologue, Summer 1997)
• A Guiding Light: Black History: A Guide to Civilian Records in the National Archives, By Debra Newman Ham (Prologue, Special Issue, Summer 1997).
• From Slave Women to Free Women: The National Archives and Black Women's History in the Civil War Era, By Noralee Frankel (Prologue, Summer 1997)
• Riding the Rails Up Paper Mountain: Researching Railroad Records in the National Archives, By David A. Pfeiffer (Spring 1997).
• Prologue Magazine

 

Alexandria

·         Town of Alexandria, NH

o   Alexandria Town Clerk  

45 Washburn Road - Bristol, NH 03222;  Phone: 603-744-3288.

·         Haynes Memorial Library -   567 Washburn Road - Alexandria, NH 03222-6532.

·         Annual Reports of the Town of Alexandria, NH

Ashland

·         Ashland Town Library
   P.O. Box 660 - Main Street - Ashland, NH  03217-0660  Phone: (603) 968-7928.

·         Ashland, New Hampshire

·         Grafton County Historic & Genealogy Society
   P. O. Box 1163 - Ashland, NH 03217.

·         Bird's-eye-view: Digital 1883 Map of Ashland, Grafton Co., N.H. Brockton, Mass. : Beck & Pauli, lithographers, Poole & Norris, 1883.

·         Ashland History & Genealogy, by Robert Hicks.

Bath - Incorporated 1761, Bath is divided into Bath Village , Upper Village, Swiftwater, Carbee, Getchell, West Bath , Pettyboro, and Nutter Districts.

·         Town of Bath, NH  

o    Town Clerk: P.O. Box 88 - Bath, NH  03740;  Phone: 603-747-2454

o    Bath: A Short History

·         Bath Public Library    P.O. Box 5 - Route 302 - Bath, NH 03740-0005  Phone: (603) 747-3372.

·         Bath Town Profile

 

Benton

·         Town of Benton, NH - Town Office:  Board of Selectmen, 221 Coventry Road, Benton, NH 03785;  Phone: 603-787-6541.

·         Benton Town Profile

 

CEMETERIES:

East Cemetery, North Benton, NH (USGenWeb Transcriptions )

Bethlehem

·         Bethlehem Chamber of Commerce with "Bethlehem's History"

·         Bethlehem Public Library    P.O. Box 250 - 2155 Main Street - Bethlehem, NH 03574-0250
   Phone: (603)  869-2409.

·         Bird's-eye-view: Digital 1883 Map of Bethlehem, Graftson County, N.H. by A. F. Poole, del. Beck & Pauli, lithographers, Brockton, Mass. : Poole & Norris, 1883.

Bridgewater

·         Bridgewater Town Clerk      River Road - Bristol, NH 03222  Phone: (603) 968-7911.

·         River Road Library - Bridgewater     955 River Road - Plymouth, NH 03264-5705   Phone: (603)  968-7911.

Bristol

·         Town of Bristol, NH

o   Town Clerk:  The Town Clerk "records and provides certified copies of birth, death, and marriage records."

230 Lake Street, Bristol, NH 03222;  Phone: 603-744-3354.

o   Bristol Town Cemeteries

 

·         Minot-Sleeper Library    

35 Pleasant Street  - Bristol, NH 03222-1407;  Phone: 603-744-3352.

·         Bristol Historical Society

Old Engine House, Bristol, NH 03222

 

·         History of the Town of Bristol, Grafton County, New Hampshire, Volume 1 (Annals), Volume 2 (Genealogies), by Richard W. Musgrove, Bristol, N. H.: R. W. Musgrove, 1904.

·         Bird's-eye-view: Digital 1884 Map of Bristol, Grafton County, N.H. by Beck & Pauli, lithographers, Brockton, Mass. : Geo. E. Norris, 1884.

Campton

·         Town of Campton, NH

o    Town Clerk/Tax Collector  - Application for Vital Records Certificates

10 Gearly Way, Campton, NH 03223; Phone: 603-726-3223 x102.

 

·         Campton Public Library
    RR 1 - Box 1212 - Route 175  - Campton, NH 03223   Phone: 603-726-4877.

 

·         Campton Historical Society  - Digital Library

Canaan

·         Town of Canaan, NH

o    Canaan Heritage

o    History of Canaan, by William Allen Wallace, Concord, N. H.: The Rumford Press, 1910.

o    Canaan Town Clerk   (for vital records)

PO Box 38, 1169 US Route 4  - Canaan, NH  03741.

Town Charter

 

·         Canaan Town Library   

P.O. Box 368 - Church Street - Canaan, NH 03741-0368   Phone: (603) 523-9650.

 

CEMETERIES:

Clark Hill Cemetery, Canaan, NH (USGenWeb Transcriptions and Tombstone Photos)

Dorchester

·         Town of Dorchester, NH - 1021 NH route 118, Dorchester, NH 03266;  Phone: 603-786-5095.

o   Dorchester Town Clerk (for vital records)

 

Easton

·         Town of Easton, NH - 1060 Easton Valley Road, Easton, NH

o    Town Clerk - 603-823-8017.

 

·         Easton Free Library   P.O. Box 841 - 1070 Easton Valley Road - Franconia 03580-0841; Phone: 603-823-8017.
 

Ellsworth

·         Ellsworth, NH Profile Sheet

·         Town of Ellsworth, NH - 3 Ellsworth Pond Road, Ellsworth, NH 03223;  603-726-3551.

Enfield

·         Town of Enfield, NH

o    Enfield Town Clerk - (for vital records)
   23 Main Street - PO Box 373, Enfield, NH 03748;  Phone: 603-632-5001 x5403.

o    Cemetery Department

 

·         Enfield Public Library
   P.O. Box 1030 - Main Street - Enfield, NH 03734-1030;  Phone: 603-632-7145.

Franconia

·         Town of Franconia, NH

o    Town Clerk

 

·         Franconia Heritage Museum -

o    553 Main Street (P.O. Box 169), Franconia, NH  03580;  Phone:  603-823-5000

o    "Like a trip to great-grandmother's attic," with an Iron Furnace Interpretative Center, so as not to forget great-grandfather.  View the only Blast Furnace Still Standing in New Hampshire!

 

·         Abbie Greenleaf Library   

P.O. Box 787 - 439 Main Street - Franconia, NH 03580-0787;  Phone: 603- 823-8424

Grafton

·         Town of Grafton, NH

o    Town Clerk

PO Box 277, Grafton, NH 03240;  Phone: 603-523-8280.

 

·         Annual Reports of the Town of Groton, New Hampshire, 1888-2010

·         Grafton Public Library   

  Library Road - Grafton, NH 03240-9720;   Phone: 603-523-7865.

 

Groton

·         Town of Groton, NH

o    Town Clerk

Hanover

·         NHGenWeb for Hanover, NH, by Edward Feustel

·         Town of Hanover, New Hampshire

o    Town Clerk of Hanover

·         Howe Library
   13 East South Street - Hanover, NH 03755-2185;  Phone: 603-643-4120.

Haverhill

·         History of the Town of Haverhill, New Hampshire, by William F. Whitcher, 1919.  (read online or download .pdf)

·         Town of Haverhill, NH
  2975 Dartmouth College Highway - North Haverhill, NH 03774;  Phone: 603-787-6800

o    Haverhill Town Clerk
    2975 Dartmouth College Highway - North Haverhill, NH 03774;  Phone: 603-787-6200.

·         Haverhill Library Association  -  P.O. Box 117 - Court Street - Haverhill, NH 03765-0117    Phone: 603-989-5578.

·         Patten-North Haverhill Library
   99 Main Street - North Haverhill, NH 03774-9750   Phone: 603-787-2542

Hebron

·         Town of Hebron, NH

o    Town Clerk

10 Church Lane - PO Box 55 - Hebron, NH 03241;  Phone: 603-744-7999

o   Cemetery Committee

·         Hebron Public Library   - 8 Church Lane - Hebron, NH 03241-0090;  Phone: 603-744-7998.

Holderness

·         Town of Holderness, NH

o    Town Clerk - Town Hall - PO Box 203 - Holderness, NH 03245;  Phone: 603-968-7536.

·         Holderness Free Library
   866 US Rt. 3, P.O. Box L - Holderness, NH 03245-0712;  Phone: 603-968-7066.

·         Holderness Historical Society

·         Holderness Cemeteries, by Carl Sheperd.

Landaff

·         Town of Landaff, NH - 12 Center Hill Road - Landaff, NH 03585; Phone: 603-838-6220.

o    A Brief History of Landaff

Lebanon

·         NHGenWeb for Lebanon, NH, by Edward Feustel

·         Lebanon Public Library    9 East Park Street - Lebanon, NH 03766-1307;  Phone: 603-448-2459.

·         City of Lebanon, NH

o    A Brief History of Lebanon.

·         Lebanon Historical Society

Lincoln

·         Town of Lincoln, NH

o    Town Clerk -  Vital Records

o    Cemeteries

·         Lincoln-Woodstock Chamber of Commerce

·         Lincoln Public Library
   22 Church Street - Lincoln, NH 03251-0098;   Phone: 603-745-8159.

 

·         CEMETERIES

o    Riverside Cemetery: Old Airport Road, Lincoln, NH - includes burial database!

Lisbon

·         Town of Lisbon, NH

o    Town Clerk - 46 School Street - Lisbon, NH 03585;  Phone: 838-2862.

·         Lisbon Main Street -

·         Lisbon Public Library
   45 School Street - Lisbon, NH 03585 ;   Phone: 603-838-6615.

Littleton

·         Town of Littleton, NH

o    Littleton Town Clerk (for vital records)

125 Main Street, Ste. 202, Littleton, NH 03561; Phone: 603-444-3996 x20.

·         Town Maps Online

·         Littleton Chamber of Commerce

 

Lyman

·         Town of Lyman, NH

o    Town Clerk / Tax Collector:  65 Parker Hill Road - Lyman, NH 03585; Phone: 603-838-6113.

Lyme

·         Town of Lyme, NH

o    Town Clerk - One High Street - P. O. Box 342 - Lyme, NH 03768;  Phone: 603-795-2535.

·         Converse Free Library -   38 Union Street - Lyme, NH 03768;   Phone: 603-795-4622

Monroe

·         History of Monroe, from Gazetteer of Grafton County, N.H., 1709-1886, by Hamilton Child, Syracuse, N.Y.: H. Child, June 1886.

·         Town of Monroe, NH

o    Town Clerk - 152 Woodsville Road - Monroe, NH 03771;  Phone: 603-638-2644.

·         Monroe Public Library  -  P.O. Box 67 - 19 Plains Road - Monroe, NH 03771-0067;   Phone: 603-638-4736.

Orange

·         Orange Town Office  -   P.O. Box 37 - Canaan, NH 03741; Phone: 603-523-4467.

·         Volunteer Orange, NH Town site

o    Orange History Photos

·         Orange, NH Profile and location map

Orford - Chartered in 1761

·         Town of Orford, NH

o    Orford Town Clerk  -  Town Office - Orford, NH 03777;  Phone: 603-353-4404.

·         Orford Social Library
   P.O. Box 189 - Main Street - Orford, NH 03777-0189    Phone: 603-353-9166.

·         Orford, NH Profile and location map

CEMETERIES:

East Orford Cemetery, Orford, NH (USGenWeb Transcriptions)

Piermont - Incorporated 1764

·         Town of Piermont, NH - Town Office - P. O. Box 27, Piermont, NH 03779

o    Piermont Town Clerk  -  130 Route 10 - Piermont, NH 03779;  Phone: 603-272-4840

·         Piermont Public Library
   P.O. Box 6 - 130 Route 10 - Piermont 03779-0006;  Phone: 603-272-4967.

·         Piermont, NH Profile and location map

Plymouth - Incorporated in 1763

·         Town of Plymouth, NH

o    Plymouth Town Clerk  -  6 Post Office Square - Plymouth, NH;   Phone: 603-536-1732

·         Town of Plymouth, New Hampshire

·         Plymouth Historical Society

o    History and Genealogy

o    Births, Deaths and Marriages 1880s and 1890s

·         Pease Public Library  -  1 Russell Street - Plymouth, NH 03264-1414;   Phone: 603-536-2616.

Rumney

·         Rumney, NHGenWeb, by Bob Bartlett

·         Town of Rumney, NH

o    Town Clerk - 79 Depot Street - P. O. Box 275 - Rumney, NH 03266;  Phone: 603-786-2237.

o    Cemeteries Trustees

·         Byron G. Merrill Library
   10 Buffalo Road - Rumney, NH 03266-0010    Phone: (603) 786-9520.

·         Rumney Historical Society - 12 Buffalo Road - P. O. Box 495, Rumney, NH 03266

CEMETERIES:

Depot Street Cemetery:  located on Depot Street; closed to burials

East Rumney Cemetery:  located on East Rumney Road; closed to burials

Highland North and South: located on Quincy Road; remains open for burials

Quincy Road Cemetery: closed to burials

Pleasant View / aka MontView Cemetery:  located on Route 25; remains open for burials

Sandhill / aka Smarts Cemetery:  located at the corner of Sandhill and Buffalo Road; closed to burials

Immanuel Cemetery:  located on School Street; privately owned and maintained; closed to burials

Stinson Lake Cemetery:   located off Lower Doetown Road; privately owned and maintained; closed to burials

 

Sugar Hill - Incorporated 1962

·         Town of Sugar Hill, NH

·         Town Clerk - P. O. Box 574 - Sugar Hill, NH 03586;  Phone: 603-823-8516.

·         Richardson Memorial Library
   P.O. Box 622 - Sugar Hill, NH 03585-0622;   Phone: 603-823-7001.

·         Sugar Hill Historical Museum

·         Sugar Hill Sampler, Shop & Museum

Thornton

·         Town of Thornton, NH

o    Town Clerk - Application for vital record certificates

16 Merrill Access Road - Thornton, NH 03285

·         Thornton Public Library
   RR 1 - State Route 175 - Box 275 - Thornton, NH 03223-9510;  Phone: 603-726-8981.

·         Thornton Historical Society

Warren - Incorporated 1763

·         Town of Warren, NH

o    Town Clerk - 8 Water Street - P. O. Box 40 - Warren, NH 03279;  Phone: 603-764-7705.

·         Joseph Patch Library
   320 NH Route 25 - Warren, NH 03279;   Phone: 603-764-9072.

Waterville Valley - Incorporated 1829

·         Town of Waterville Valley, NH - About Our Town

o    Town Clerk & Vital Records

Rust Municipal Building - 14 TAC Lane - P. O. Box 500, Waterville Valley, NH 03215;  Phone: 603-236-4730.

·         Osceola Library
   Intersection of Boulder Way and West Brach Roads - Waterville Valley, NH 03215. 

 

Wentworth

·         Town of Wentworth, NH

o    Town Clerk

o    Town Maps

·         Webster Memorial Library -    P.O. Box 105 - Wentworth, NH 03282-0105;  Phone: 603-764-5818.

·         Wentworth Historical Society Museum

CEMETERIES:

Foster Cemetery, Wentworth, NH (USGenWeb Transcriptions)

Woodstock - 1763 original grant as Peeling; In 1771, named Fairfield; In 1840, named Woodstock

·         Town of Woodstock, NH

o    Town Clerk

o    Woodstock Town History

·         Lincoln-Woodstock Chamber of Commerce

Moosilauke Public Library
   P.O. Box 21 - Lost River Road - North Woodstock, NH 03262-0021;  Phone: 603-745-9971.

PROFESSIONAL HISTORICAL GENEALOGY RESEARCH
Ann McRoden Mensch, Professional Historical Genealogist

Researching on-site, and with the vast resources of The Allen County Public Library, holding one of the largest genealogical collections in North America.  Search the Library's online catalogue to see some of the printed resources available for a location or topic.

Copyright 1998-2014 by Ann Mensch.  All Rights Reserved.