History of Butler County Pennsylvania, 1895

Link to plat maps of Butler townships and boroughs from the Atlas of Butler County, G.M. Hopkins & Co., 1874. Please read the explanation and caution about this transcription. Use your browser's "search" or "find" capability to look for surnames in the chapter that are not included as biographical sketches. Transcribed by:

HON. WALTER LOWRIE was one of the most distinguished sons of Butler county, and none of her citizens has ever attained greater eminence or labored in a broader field. He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, December 10, 1784, and came to the United States with his parents, John and Catherine (Cameron) LOWRIE, in 1792. The family settled in Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, whence they removed to what is now Allegheny township, Butler county, in 1797. Here his parents spent the remaining years of their lives, his mother dying in 1837 and his father in 1840. Their children were as follows: Matthew B., who removed to Pittsburg, became quite a prominent man of that city, and served as mayor several terms; Walter; John L.; Ann, who married Andrew PORTER; Elizabeth, who first married John STEVENS, and after his death Robert S. WHANN; Jane, who became the wife of William PORTERFIELD, and Catherine, who married Andrew McCASLIN. John LOWRIE, Sr., owned a farm and a grist and saw mill, and was one of the prosperous citizens of the county. He was among the founders of Scrubgrass Presbyterian church in Venango county, and a man of sturdy character, excellent moral traits and high mental qualities. After clearing up and living upon his farm for about forty years, he there died, and is buried in Scrubgrass Presbyterian cemetery.

The subject of this sketch was reared upon his father's farm, and his primary education consisted of an occasional term at a subscription school and home instruction of winter nights. His parents being devout Presbyterians, Walter was carefully trained in that faith, and at an early age entered upon a course of study with the ministry in view, and pursued the Latin, Greek and Hebrew languages under Rev. John McPHERRIN. In 1807 he came to Butler to engage in teaching, was soon after appointed clerk in the commissioner's office, was later elected a member of the board, and also filled the office of justice of the peace, thus commencing a public career that lasted continuously for nearly thirty years. In the meantime himself and brother, Matthew B., opened a store in Butler, but his public duties gave him little opportunity to devote to [p. 675] the business, which was conducted principally by clerks. In 1811 he was elected on the Democratic ticket to the legislature, and the following year to the State Senate. He was re-elected to the latter, and served in that body seven years. In 1818, while still a member of the State Senate, he was elected to the United States Senate, and served in that body with ability and distinction for six years. This period was one of great interest in the history of our country. Such distinguished men as Webster, Clay, Calhoun, Randolph and Benton were members of the Senate, and among those eminent statesmen Walter LOWRIE occupied a position of honorable prominence. His stanch integrity won their confidence, while his practical judgment led them to seek his advice and rely upon his opinions. He was regarded by the senators who knew him best as an authority upon all questions of political history and constitutional law. During the discussion of the celebrated Missouri Compromise, he made a speech of great power and force of argument, in which he took strong grounds against the extension of slavery, and uttered a vigorous protest against the establishment of slave labor upon a single foot of free territory. His influence in the Senate was not only that of a statesman, but also of a christian. He was one of the founders of the Congressional Prayer Meeting, as well as of the Congressional Temperance Society. For a long time he was a member of the executive committee of the American Colonization Society, also of the Senate committee on Indian affairs. At the expiration of his senatorial term, in March, 1825, he was elected secretary of the Senate, an office he held for twelve years, resigning it in 1836 to become secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, which, under his vigorous and sagacious policy, was built up from an obscure institution to its subsequent importance and prosperity. He brought to his new field of action the same strength of mind and earnestness of purpose that had characterized his previous career, and became the efficient head of a great missionary work. His labors only terminated with his death, which occurred in New York City, December 14, 1868.

Senator LOWRIE was twice married. His first marriage occurred in 1808, to Amelia McPHERRIN, a daughter of Rev. John McPHERRIN, his preceptor, and one of the founders of Presbyterianism in Butler county. She died in 1832, and he afterwards married Mary K. CHILDS. The children of his first marriage were as follows: John C.; Matthew S., an early member of the Butler bar; Mary, who married Samuel BAIRD, a merchant of Pittsburg; Eliza; Walter M.; Jonathan Roberts, a well remembered attorney of Hollidaysburg; Reuben P., and Henry M., all of whom are dead except the eldest. John C., Walter M., and Reuben P., became zealous missionaries of the Presbyterian church. Reuben P. fell a victim to overwork in the enervating climate of China, and Walter M., was murdered by Chinese pirates, August 19, 1847. Rev. John C. LOWRIE, D.D., the only survivor of the family, spent two years on missionary work in India, then returned to New York and was appointed assistant to his father in the office of the Board of Foreign Missions. On the death of the latter he succeeded him as secretary, which position he has filled continuously for the past twenty-eight years. In resigning the secretaryship of the United States Senate, and accepting that of the Board of Foreign Missions, Senator LOWRIE exhibited a rare example of obe-[p. 676] dience to the dictates of duty. He relinquished a home surrounded by every comfort, a position of ease and large emolument, the society of a wide circle of eminent men, with whom he was on terms of the closest intimacy, for a life in humble quarters, in a city with which he was unfamiliar and to assume an arduous position, the remuneration of which was scarcely sufficient to sustain him. Notwithstanding his many and varied talents, he was a modest and unassuming gentleman, whose public career was marked by the same rigid morals and principles that guided his private life.

CHARLES SULLIVAN was a grandson of Peter O. SULLIVAN, who came from Ireland and located in Northumberland county, Virginia, about the year 1700. Charles was born in Virginia, March 27, 1760, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and made the acquaintance of Susannah JOHNSTON, a daughter of Thomas and Margaret JOHNSTON, of Chester county, Pennsylvania, who afterward became his wife, while he was serving under Washington during that memorable winter at Valley Forge. They were married in Chester county in 1785, and soon after moved to Allegheny county, settling a few miles from Pittsburg, but subsequently removed to the vicinity of Noblestown. In 1797 he came with his family, consisting of a wife and six children, to Butler county, and settled in what is now Franklin township, where he developed a large and valuable farm. He died January 12, 1813, at the age of fifty-three, leaving a widow and eleven children. The six oldest were born in Allegheny county, and the remaining five in Butler county. Their names are as follows: Moses, Aaron, Thomas, John, James, Margaret, who married William STEWART, of Butler, and died May 20, 1884, leaving two daughters; Jemima, who married John McCANDLESS, of Centre township, reared a large family, and died in Butler in September, 1881; Elizabeth, who married Edward WHITE, of Whitestown, had eight children by this union, six of whom are living, and some years after Mr. WHITE's death married William C. MARTIN, and died in 1876; William, Charles Craven, and Susannah, who married Rev. H. BRADSHAW, a Methodist Episcopal minister, removed to Iowa, and died there many years ago. The best tribute that can be paid to the memory of Charles SULLIVAN and wife is, that the training in the family circle was such, that no stain of dishonor has ever rested upon any of their children.

MOSES SULLIVAN, eldest in the family of Charles SULLIVAN, was born in Allegheny county, October 9, 1786, came to Butler county with the family in 1797, availed himself of all the means within his reach to secure an education, and became a scholarly man. With his brother John he established the Butler Centinel in 1820, represented Butler county in both branches of the General Assembly for many years, and was president of the state board of canal commissioners under Governor RITNER's administration. He was a modest, unassuming and popular gentleman, and the people often expressed their confidence in him. He married Susan MITCHELL, of Harrisburg, who became the mother of three children. Their eldest son, Lieut. Aaron SULLIVAN, of the Pennsylvania Cavalry, a bright young lawyer, laid down his life in the War of the Rebellion in defense of his country. Moses SULLIVAN died May 21, 1839.

AARON SULLIVAN was born in Allegheny county, September 4, 1788, mar-[p. 677] ried a Miss WENDT, and reared a large family. He was successfully engaged in the manufacture of glass at Birmingham, Allegheny county, being one of the pioneers in this business, with which he was closely associated until his death, about 1830.

THOMAS SULLIVAN was born in Allegheny county, February 26, 1791, and led a quite home life on and near the old paternal farm, and in Prospect, Butler county. Of a most genial disposition, he was a favorite in the circle of his acquaintance. He married a Miss JONES, reared a large family, and died in Prospect nearly half a century ago. He enjoyed the confidence of his neighbors, and held the office of justice of the peace many years.

JOHN SULLIVAN was born in Allegheny county, June 19, 1793, and removed with the family to Butler county when about four years old. In addition to a common school education, he was greatly aided by his mother and oldest brother in becoming proficient in the elementary branches of learning. He wrote a fair hand, was a good mathematician, and an expert accountant. He served with his three elder brothers in the War of 1812, in Capt. Robert MARTIN's Company. After his return he taught school in the neighborhood, and finally entered the store of Walter LOWRIE, in Butler, in 1818, having been called to take charge of the business during Mr. LOWRIE's absence as United States Senator. In 1820, in connection with his brother Moses, he established the Butler Centinel, and continued in connection with that paper until 1824. He served as treasurer of Butler county in 1825-26, and in 1827 opened a store in the brick building which he had previously erected on the northwest corner of the Diamond, where he conducted a mercantile business until 1831. In that year he purchased a large tract of unimproved land, located about a mile northwest of Butler, and expended much labor and money in improving and developing it into a farm, involving extensive clearing, the erection of a home and tenant buildings, a commodious barn, a mill with a very expensive stone dam, necessary road making and other improvements. In 1836 he was appointed prothonotary and clerk of the several courts of Butler county, serving until 1839, and at different periods in his life he filled other important public trusts. The strain in developing the farm left him with broken health, from which he never fully recovered. In 1843 he returned with his family to Butler, and died at his home in that borough, November 2, 1854. Mr. SULLIVAN was married in 1821, to Miss Mary McPHERRIN, youngest daughter of Rev. John McPHERRIN, a pioneer minister of the Presbyterian church. They had four children. Charles and Amelia died in infancy; the other two, John M., and Mary E., are residents of Butler. Mr. SULLIVAN was a Whig, in politics, and a Presbyterian in religious faith, and for many years a trustee of the Presbyterian church, of Butler. He was always loyally devoted to the interests of the county, and in his day his name is found among the foremost in pressing forward public improvements. His enterprise was manifested in the erection of buildings in different parts of the town, his enlistment as an active manager in turnpike companies, and his aid in the establishment and support of schools before the existence of our present school system. Amidst the cares of a busy life he was never forgetful of the supreme importance of education. In his youth and early manhood he had cultivated a taste for the best authors in prose and [p. 678] poetry, and his little library was well stored with their works. He was an enterprising, generous and liberal citizen, of a cheerful and hopeful temper, social in disposition, exemplary in all the relations of life, outspoken in his convictions, fearless in maintaining the right, and a good representative of the worthy band of pioneers who laid the foundations of Butler's prosperity.

JAMES SULLIVAN was born in Allegheny county, March 8, 1795, and became the possessor of the old homestead in Franklin township. He was a prosperous farmer and for a short time a merchant. He married Dorcas McGOWAN, to whom were born three children, two sons and one daughter. One of the sons is a lawyer in Pittsburg, the other a merchant in Beaver Falls, and the daughter is the wife of Dr. RICHARDSON, of Prospect. Mr. SULLIVAN died many years since.

WILLIAM SULLIVAN was born on the old homestead in Butler county, December 5, 1804. He was for some years associated with his brother Aaron in the glass business at Birmingham. After his brother's death, he pursued the same business at Wheeling, West Virginia, for a while, then returned to Butler county, and lived for several years on a farm. He finally removed to New Albany, Indiana, where he resided until his death, successfully engaged in the mercantile business. His widow and a daughter are residents of New Castle, Pennsylvania.

CHARLES CRAVEN SULLIVAN was born at the old country home, in Butler county, March 10, 1807, graduated at Jefferson College in 1828, studied law in Butler with Gen. William AYERS, was admitted to practice in 1831, and for thirty years was one of the most distinguished and successful members of the Butler bar. He served six years in the State Senate, was a recognized leader in that body in all matters of State reform, and there is a law on the statute book regarding the morality of our people, better known to lawyers as the "the Sullivan Law," which has received the unqualified approval of all good citizens. He was the leader in the movement to secure railroad communications to Butler, and was president of the North Western Railroad Company, the first organization looking to that end. Mr. SULLIVAN was a Whig in politics, and later a Republican, and a Presbyterian in religious faith. In 1846 he married a Miss SELTZER, of Lebanon county. They had five children, two sons and three daughters, who, with the widow, are still living. Both the sons are lawyers, one practicing in Pittsburg and the other in Bradford. Mr. Sullivan died February 27, 1860.

COL. JOHN McPHERRIN SULLIVAN, son of John and Mary (McPHERRIN) SULLIVAN, was born in the borough of Butler August 9, 1822. At that date his father was one of the proprietors and publishers of the Butler Centinel, was afterwards a merchant in Butler, then a farmer, and filled the offices of county treasurer and prothonotary. His parental grandfather, Charles Sullivan, a soldier of the Revolution, settled in what is now Franklin township in 1797, while his maternal grandfather, Rev. John McPHERRIN, settled on a farm in what is now Clay township in 1805. Mr. McPHERRIN was the first settled minister of any denomination in Butler county, and had two daughters, one of whom married Walter LOWRIE, and the other John SULLIVAN. The subject of this sketch received his primary education in the old stone academy of Butler, under the tuition, [p. 679] severally, of Rev. John W. SCOTT, D.D., Rev. DOUTHETT, Alexander SHIRRAN and Rev. Loyal YOUNG, D.D., and entered Jefferson College in November, 1838. He graduated at that institution on September 28, 1843, in a class of forty-seven, representing thirteen states, with an award from the faculty of one of the first honors of the class, and was assigned to deliver the valedictory. Among his well-known classmates were Rev. Dr. James MATTHEWS, of San Francisco; Hon. A.W. HENDRICKS, of Indianapolis; Hon. Richard T. MERRICK, of Washington; Hon. John P. PENNEY and Gen. J.B. SWITZER, of Pittsburg, and Rev. Dr. E.E. SWIFT, of Allegheny.

Immediately after leaving college he entered the law office of Hon. Samuel A. GILMORE, of Butler, and was admitted to practice December 9, 1845. A few months later he formed a law partnership with Hon. Samuel A. PURVIANCE, of Butler, which continued until January 1, 1855. The winters of 1845 and 1846 were spent at Harrisburg, as a legislative correspondent of the New York Tribune, Philadelphia Enquirer, and Pittsburg Commercial. He served as assistant clerk of the Senate of Pennsylvania in 1847, 1848, 1849 and 1850, and as chief clerk in 1852 and 1853. His last election was a unanimous one, every member of the Senate being present and voting for him, while a unanimous vote of thanks was recorded at the close of his term. This was all the more gratifying to him as the Senate at that time was nearly equally divided in politics.

In January, 1855, Colonel SULLIVAN became deputy secretary of the Commonwealth under the administration of Governor Pollock, Andrew G. Curtin being secretary of the Commonwealth. At the close of Governor Pollock's administration, in January, 1858, Colonel SULLIVAN was appointed deputy superintendent of common schools, and held that office until July, 1860, when he resigned to assume the duties of secretary of the Republican State Committee in the memorable campaign of that year, which resulted in the election of Abraham LINCOLN to the presidency. After the presidential election he returned to his home in Butler, where he remained until July, 1861, when he received an invitation from Hon. Simon CAMERON, secretary of war, urging him to come immediately to Washington, and render assistance in the rapidly accumulating work of the war department. This summons was at once obeyed, and from that date until April 1, 1867, Colonel SULLIVAN held the position of chief corresponding clerk in the office of the quartermaster-general of the army. These were nearly six years of very arduous labor. Over thirty letter-press volumes in the files of the war department, bearing the impress of his handwriting, remain as witnesses of his official work. These duties were supplemented during the war by unremitting services for the soldiers of Butler county in the field, camp and hospital, and for their friends at home, who with anxious hearts made him the medium to aid them in planning and executing their kind ministries. The patriotic people of his native county owe him a debt of gratitude for his noble services in thus aiding her brave boys who went out in defence of the flag. During his residence in Washington he was secretary of the Pennsylvania Soldiers' Relief Association, and also of the Pennsylvania Republican Association.

In March, 1867, Hon. Thomas WILLIAMS, member of Congress from this district, and Hons. Simon CAMERON and Charles R. BUCKALEW, United States Sena- [p. 680]tors from Pennsylvania, without any knowledge or solicitation on the part of Colonel SULLIVAN, united in asking President Johnson, to appoint him collector of internal revenue for the Twenty-third district, an office which had been vacant for several months, owing to the inability to secure an agreement between the President and Senate, then of opposite politics, as to a nominee. The appointment was made and unanimously confirmed by the Senate, and Colonel SULLIVAN immediately resigned his position in the war department to enter upon his new duties as collector in Allegheny. He held the collectorship from May 1, 1867, to July 1, 1882, excepting a few months, interval, from July, 1869, to April, 1870. On July 1, 1882, he turned over the collectorship to his successor, and before the close of that month he received from the commissioner of Internal revenue a certificate that all his accounts were satisfactorily closed, every cent of over $7,000,000 of public money that had passed through his hands having been faithfully accounted for.

Soon after retiring from the collectorship, Colonel SULLIVAN, from inclination as well as filial and fraternal duty, returned to his old home in Butler. His venerated mother died May 4, 1888, in her eighty-eighth year, and with his sister, Miss Mary E. SULLIVAN, he has since occupied the old residence, which has been the family home for more than fifty years. Since his return to Butler he has not resumed professional life, but is ever ready to assist all worthy enterprises and to aid in every good work. He retains unabated interest in everything pertaining to the welfare of the surviving soldiers, and was one of the leading spirits in organizing the movement that culminated in the erection of the handsome monument in Butler, to the memory of "Our Silent Defenders." A descendant of two leading pioneers families of Butler county, he has given close attention to the preservation of local history, is one of the best living authorities on pioneer reminiscences, and has rendered valuable assistance in furnishing data in the compilation of this volume. The title of Colonel, usually applied to him, was not acquired from military service, but followed commissions from Governors JOHNSTON and POLLOCK, who each assigned him to a position on the staff of the Governor as aide, with the rank of lieutenant colonel.

REV. JOHN McPHERRIN was one of the founders of Presbyterianism in western Pennsylvania, the pioneer minister of that denomination in Butler county, and the first pastor of the Butler church. He was a native of what is now Adams county, Pennsylvania, born November 15, 1757, whence the family removed to Westmoreland county. His preparatory studies were pursued under [p. 681] Rev. Robert Smith, D.D., of Pequea, Pennsylvania, and he graduated at Dickinson College in 1788. He studied theology under the direction of Rev. John CLARK, of Allegheny county, and was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Redstone, August 20, 1789. On September 22, 1790, he was ordained by the same Presbytery, and installed pastor of the congregations of Salem and Unity, in Westmoreland county, where he remained until 1803. In the meantime, however, he had visited this portion of the State on a missionary tour, coming here in the summer of 1799 and preaching to a congregation under the spreading branches of a large tree that stood near the site of Concord Presbyterian church, in what is now Concord township, Butler County. Several of his audience requested him to name the embryo church, which he did, calling it "Concord," the title it has borne to the present day.

In 1803 Mr. McPHERRIN returned to this county and accepted calls from Concord and Muddy Creek churches, both of which he took charge of the same year. In 1805 he became a member of the Presbytery of Erie, and continued to minister to the congregations mentioned until 1813, when he resigned the Muddy Creek charge, having been installed pastor of the Butler church April 7, 1813, in connection with the church of Concord. It is also said he was pastor of Harmony church for several years. He remained pastor of Butler and Concord churches until his death, which occurred at Butler, February 10, 1822. Before coming to Butler county, Mr. McPHERRIN was married to Mary STEVENSON, a daughter of John STEVENSON of Washington county. His children were as follows: Amelia, who married Walter LOWRIE; William; Samuel; John; Clark; Mary, who married John SULLIVAN; Ebenezer; Josiah, and Anderson. The following tribute to his memory is from the pen of Hon. Walter LOWRIE, his son-in-law:

Mr. McPHERRIN did not write his sermons. He used very brief but comprehensive notes, which he placed in a small pocket bible. It is no easy matter to draw a faithful likeness of Mr. McPHERRIN's character and appearance. He was tall in person, his hair, when I first saw him, quite gray, and his whole appearance the most venerable of any man I have ever seen. Decision and energy were the leading traits of his character. He knew not the fear of man, though sometimes his firmness degenerated into obstinancy. His natural temper was warm; hypocrisy formed no part of his character, and his heart was the seat of friendship and goodwill to man. He possessed a strong mind and strong natural abilities. At Dickinson College, under the celebrated Dr. NESBIT, he had received a thorough education, and by his studious habits his mind was in a constant state of improvement. As a minister of the gospel, his zeal in his Master's cause never flagged, and a sincere desire to do good was his ruling passion through life. His eloquence was classically chaste, yet strong and nervous. His hearers were, in general, rather awed than charmed, more instructed than delighted, yet often did the tears of his audience flow before they were themselves aware of it. All his sermons were, in the highest degree, evangelical. Christ Jesus and Him crucified, was the burden of his message; and yet in every discourse he urged in the strongest manner the necessity of good works and a holy and christian walk, not as a means or ground of acceptance with God, but as an evidence of being in the right way.

REV. LOYAL YOUNG, D.D., was pastor of the Presbyterian church of Butler for nearly thirty-five years, and his name is a familiar one in many of the homes in Butler county. He was a son of Robert and Lydia (GOULD) YOUNG, of Charlemont, Franklin county, Massachusetts, where he was born July 1, 1806. When [p. 682] Loyal was five years old his parents removed to French Creek, Harrison county, Virginia. He obtained a good English education in the schools of that locality, entered Jefferson College in 1826, and graduated from that institution in the autumn of 1828. After teaching a private family school in Virginia one year, he entered the Western Theological Seminary, at Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, and was licensed to preach the gospel, by the Presbytery of Ohio, June 21, 1832. On the 25th of October following, he was married to Margaret P. JOHNSTON, a daughter of Rev. Robert JOHNSTON, the first pastor of the Scrubgrass Presbyterian church, Venango county, to which union were born seven sons and one daughter. Four of their sons, Robert J., Watson J., Torrence F., and James W., were soldiers in the Union army.

Mr. YOUNG came to Butler county soon after he was licensed to preach, his first sermon in Butler being delivered August 29, 1832. The following summer he preached as a candidate, and was ordained and installed as the third pastor of the Butler congregation, by the Presbytery of Allegheny, December 4, 1833. For nearly thirty-five years he labored faithfully and assiduously in building up the church. During his ministry here he baptised about 800 children and adults, united in marriage over 200 couples, and nearly 450 persons were brought into the Butler church. He delivered his farewell sermon May 10, 1868, and the same month took charge of French Creek and Buckhannon churches, in West Virginia. He remained at French Creek eight years, and was then installed as pastor of the First Presbyterian church of Parkersburg, in the same State, which position he filled five years. His next charge was the Winfield, Point Pleasant and Pleasant Flats churches of West Virginia, which he ministered to from 1880 to 1885. He then removed to Washington, Pennsylvania, and became a supply for a few years. Here his wife died December 29, 1887, and soon after he returned to Butler, where he continued to follow the ministry up to within a few weeks of his death, which occurred October 11, 1890.

While pastor of the Butler church, in 1858, the degree of D.D. was conferred upon him by Washington College. Dr. YOUNG was twice moderator of the Synod of Pittsburg, once of the Erie Synod, and represented the Presbytery at the General Assembly several times. He was also the author of the following works: "Commentary on the Book of Ecclesiastes," "Hidden Treasure," "Interviews with Inspired Men," "Communion," and "From Dawn to Dusk." A few weeks before his death he completed a commentary on the book of Proverbs, which has not yet been published. To Dr. YOUNG more than to any other man was due the establishment of Witherspoon Institute at Butler. He was the guiding spirit in calling the convention which brought that school into existence, in preparing the charter, and raising money, and placing the Institute on a solid foundation. He was its principal for quite a long period, and his name is closely interwoven with its early growth and progress. In a sermon delivered July 2, 1876, Rev. C.H. McCLELLAN paid Dr. YOUNG the following tribute:

A man bold in the defence of truth, vigorous and active in frame, and indefatigable in promoting the interests of Christ's cause, his life and work in Butler will be remembered long after he himself shall have passed from earth. No better testimony to his ability as a preacher and pastor can be found than the well taught and strongly organ-[p. 683] ized church he left in this place; no better proof of the reality of his piety and good works than the readiness with which all classes, young and old, rich and poor, Protestant or Catholic, speak his praise. He was an Israelite indeed in whom there was no guile.

Dr. NIBLOCK was a minister of modest disposition and retiring habits, not much known to the world, but beloved by all his fellow ministers who knew him, and much esteemed among his pastoral charge. Of him it might be said: he was a good minister of Jesus Christ--an able and faithful expositor of the Word of God. Among the first of our ministers who settled northwest of the Allegheny river, he lived to see the church and the country grow numerous and prosperous around him, and as the fruit of his own labors many added to the church "of such as should be saved." He loved the church of which he was minister, arduously and faithfully labored to maintain her principles and her purity, and the work of the Lord prospered in his hands. His life was one of self-denial, labor and usefulness, esteemed in the community and beloved in the church.

REV. WILLIAM WHITE, D.D., the honored and respected rector of St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal church of Butler for half a century, is one of the few living pioneer ministers of his church in Pennsylvania. He is a native of Stewartstown, County Tyrone, Ireland, born March 18, 1811, and is thus in the eighty-fifth year of his age. He grew to manhood in his native land, came to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, in 1832, and entered the Western University, graduating from that institution in 1834. In 1837 he graduated at the General Theologi-[p. 684] cal Seminary of New York, was ordained as deacon by Bishop ONDERDONK, in Christ church, Philadelphia, the same year, and was sent to take charge of the Freeport and Butler congregations. In 1838 he was ordained a priest by the same bishop, and remained in charge of both churches mentioned until 1842, when he gave up the Freeport charge and confined his labors to Butler and vicinity. Dr. WHITE was married October 7, 1840, to Mary BREDIN, a daughter of James BREDIN, of Carlisle, Pennsylvania, to whom have been born six children, as follows: Annie; Isabella; Thomas, an Episcopal minister of East Albany, New York; George R., attorney at law of Butler; James B., deceased, and William, a consulting engineer of Pittsburg. For several years Dr. WHITE combined with his parochial duties those of a teacher in the old Butler Academy, and many of the leading men of western Pennsylvania look up to him with pride as their preceptor. He continued as pastor of the Butler congregation until 1877, when the infirmities of advancing age induced him to lay down the burden, although he still occasionally performed the offices of his sacred calling in the adjoining counties of Armstrong and Clarion. With the passing years this work also had to be abandoned, and now at the ripe age of eighty-four he confidently and patiently awaits the call to his eternal reward. For nearly sixty years his name has been closely associated with the religious and educational life of Butler county, and few of its citizens have won to a greater degree the unbounded love and confidence of the whole people than this venerable patriarch whose rare usefulness throughout that period is gladly acknowledged by all.

DAVID DOUGAL was one of the best known citizens in Butler county throughout his long and eventful career, and his name is inseparably linked with its history for a period surpassing the allotted life of man. He was a native of Franklin county, Pennsylvania, born near Fannetsburg, September 23, 1778, the son of a Presbyterian minister. He obtained a good English education, and left home in early manhood, going to Huntingdon, where he clerked in the prothonotary's office. Here he studied the art of surveying, afterwards went to Pittsburg, and later to Kentucky, where he acquired a taste for adventure and free outdoor life. He next went to Detroit and acted as clerk in a trading post, meeting hundreds of Indians there, and subsequently spent some time among the Indian tribes of Ohio. These associations had a marked influence on his character that remained with him to the day of his death. He finally returned to Huntingdon, whence, about the year 1800, he came to Butler county. Upon the organization of this county he was appointed the first clerk of the board of county commissioners, and later served one term in that body. At the first sales of lots in Butler borough, Mr. Dougal provided his faith in the new county seat by purchasing several lots, some which he owned until he died. He was one of the pioneer merchants of the town for a short time, but soon abandoned merchandising to pursue the more congenial vocation of a surveyor, which profession he followed until the infirmities of old age compelled him to retire from active life. He loved nothing so well as to roam through the primitive forest, running lines, establishing corners and blazing trees to mark boundaries. He did the greater part of the early surveying in this county, and his wonderful memory retained in old age the most precise and exact knowledge of lines and sur-[p. 685] veys made by himself during the first years of the county's history. He was recognized by courts and lawyers as a high and almost infallable authority on such matters.

Mr. DOUGAL was the agent of Stephen LOWREY, and later of his daughter, Mrs. Sarah COLLINS, who inherited a large portion of her father's lands in this county, and he continued in this capacity for the heirs of Mrs. COLLINS until his retirement from active business. This responsible position afforded him the opportunity of acquiring property, and he became quite an extensive land owner. Scrupulously honest in all his dealings; correct and careful in his business habits; possessing an extensive and valuable fund of general information, fine conversational abilities and remarkable mental power, he commanded the respect of the best people of the community. There were few branches of scientific lore in which he was not well versed. In pleasant weather Mr. DOUGAL would sit in front of his modest home on South Main street and converse with those who chose to listen or be entertained. His manner of speech was calm, deliberate and dignified, and his subjects were history, political economy, geography, geology, topography, climate and astronomy. He possessed an extensive and accurate knowledge of the last mentioned science, and was always happy when gazing at the starry firmament or discoursing upon its wondrous beauty and grandeur. His store of local history, too, embraced the minutest details of the annals of Butler county from its erection until the year of his death.

With all these advantages he was, nevertheless, a peculiar and eccentric character, and is principally remembered by the present generation because of manner in which he lived. Though he possessed plenty of this world's goods, and might have enjoyed the usual comforts of life, he refused to improve his property, and persisted in living in one of the smallest and plainest of the frame buildings in Dougal's row until he removed to his farm in Summit township, a few years prior to his death. Surrounded by rubbish of all kinds, including his surveying instruments, maps, charts, books, etc., with a few broken chairs and a bed that defied description, he despised and discarded modern fashions and modes of living, and seemed to take a peculiar delight in the slovenly dress and unrestrained life of the rudest pioneer backwoodsman. Nevertheless, when occasion required, he would appear as a well-dressed gentleman in refined society, and was thoroughly familiar with all the courtesies pertaining to it. Though he lived with the most rigid frugality, he was not a miser, but was generous, kind and charitable to the poor and needy. If his tenants could not pay their rents, he permitted them to remain or move away without molestation.

This gifted, strange and eccentric man never married, and died on his farm in Summit township, November 8, 1881, at the extraodinary age of 103 years, leaving much valuable property to relatives, and also to some friends who cared for him in his declining age. In appearance he was tall and erect in carriage, grave, serious and dignified in bearing, and remarkably independent in thought and action. Not only to the severe simplicity of his mode of living, but to the wonderful evenness of his temper, which he rarely suffered to be ruffled by any excitement, was largely due the uniformly good health he enjoyed throughout [p. 686] his life and the great longevity he attained. Mr. DOUGAL was pre-eminently a peacemaker. His opportunities as a surveyor were always used to settle disputes and avoid litigation, and, as the natural result of this policy, he was often appealed to by disputants as final arbiter. In politics, he was a Whig until the formation of the republican party, and ever afterward a republican. While he did not profess any particular religious faith nor attend church, he was a firm believer in the fundamental principles of christianity, and had an utter contempt for the man who treated the forms of religion with levity. The leading minds of Butler county looked upon him not only as a learned man but a philosopher, and his name will be respected as long as a single one of those who knew him best is left to do justice to his memory.

HON. JOHN NEGLEY was one of the first settlers of Butler, and was prominently identified with the history of the town and county for a period of seventy years. Born at Fort Ligonier, in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, April 6, 1778, where his parents had taken temporary refuge from hostile Indians while en route westward from Bucks county, he grew to manhood at East Liberty, Allegheny county, to which place the family removed soon after his birth. In 1799 he visited the territory now embraced in Butler county, and made two trips through northwestern Pennsylvania before deciding on the place of his settlement. In the year 1800, soon after this county was erected, he located on the site of the present borough of Butler, finding employment as a miller in Cunningham's mill, which stood on the site of the Walter mill. In 1806 he purchased the mill property, with considerable land surrounding it, and later built an addition for a woolen mill and established a cabinet shop near by. Besides conducting these various enterprises successfully for nearly thirty years, he also dealt extensively in real estate and became a very large land owner. In 1832-33 he sunk a salt well, with the intention of manufacturing that commodity, which enterprise cost him about $8,000. He possessed much force of character, good executive ability and sound business principles, and his sterling worth was soon recognized by the people among whom he had cast his lot. He was the first treasurer of Butler county, was one of the early county commissioners, and in 1809 he was elected to the legislature. In 1817 he was appointed prothonotary of the county, and four years later he was again elected to the legislature and re-elected in 1822. He filled all of these positions in an able and efficient manner, alike creditable to himself and his constituents. He was a staunch Democrat until 1856, when he supported Fremont for President, and continued to affiliate with the Republican party the rest of his life.

Mr. NEGLEY was a man of strong religious convictions and one of the founders of the Lutheran church in Butler. He was a member of the German Lutheran society and contributed liberally towards the erection of the old church building, as well as to all other churches erected in Butler during his lifetime. His generosity and benevolence found expression in various other channels beneficial to the community, while his enterprise and public spirit were manifested in many ways during his active business career. In 1816 Mr. NEGLEY married Elizabeth Ann PATTERSON, who died in August, 1835. She was the mother of ten children, as follows: Mary B., widow of John G. MUNTZ; Elizabeth H., who [p. 687] died in August, 1835; Susan A., widow of Col. Joseph P. PATTERSON; John H., one of the oldest members of the Butler bar; Felix C., of Pittsburg; Minerva, deceased wife of Samuel W. HASELTINE; Ann McLEAN, deceased; James A., of Philadelphia; William C., who died in 1850, and Albert G., a resident of Chicago. Mr. NEGLEY died August 11, 1870, in the ninety-third year of his age, and was buried in South cemetery, the land for which was donated by him in 1850 for burial purposes. Here a massive marble shaft, on which is inscribed a brief history of his life, marks the last resting place of this honored pioneer, one of the vanguard of that mighty army of civilization which laid the foundations of liberty and prosperity in western Pennsylvania.

HON. JOHN HENRY NEGLEY, attorney at law, was born near the old Negley mill, in the southern part of what is now the borough of Butler, February 7, 1823, son of John and Elizabeth Ann (PATTERSON) NEGLEY, pioneers of the county. His boyhood days were passed in this village, and his primary education was obtained in the old Butler Academy. In the fall of 1841 he entered Washington College, at Washington, Pennsylvania, where he pursued his studies for three terms. Returning home in the spring of 1843, he commenced the study of law under Hon. John BREDIN, and was admitted to the bar March 25, 1845. He at once began practice, and for fifty years he has continued in the duties thereof, being now one of the oldest members of the Butler county bar. In March, 1848, he was appointed deputy attorney general for this county, which he held about one year. In 1850 the office became elective, and he was the first district attorney elected in the county, filling that position the full term of three years. In 1855 he became proprietor and editor of the Democratic Herald, which he published until July, 1858, when he sold the office.

Mr. NEGLEY was an adherent of the Democratic party until the exciting period preceding the war, when he became a Republican. In 1861 he was appointed enrolling officer for Butler county, an office established for the purpose of enrolling the names of those subject to draft, the duties of which covered a period of nearly a year. In 1862 he was a member of Capt. J. Gilmore CAMPBELL's company of militia, which responded to the call of Governor CURTIN to assist in repelling LEE's invasion of Pennsylvania. In October, 1863, Mr. NEGLEY was elected, on the Republican ticket, to the legislature, and was twice re-elected, serving three years in that capacity. During his term of service he was largely instrumental in obtaining legislation that secured the first railroad completed in Butler county, extending from Freeport to Butler, now a part of the West Penn. In April, 1869, he purchased the Butler Citizen, which he edited and published until September, 1888, a period of nearly twenty years, a portion of which time his son was associated with him as publisher.

Mr. NEGLEY was married July 8, 1847, to Miss Mary HARPER, of Butler, to which union were born ten children, eight of whom grew to maturity, as follows: Elizabeth A.H., widow of Rev. L.H. GESHWIND; William C., editor of the Citizen; John H., of Philadelphia; Joseph P., of Pittsburg; Mary Stella; Martin Luther, who was drowned in Chartiers creek, Allegheny county, in August, 1884; Felix C., and Edgar Hayes. Mr. NEGLEY was born and reared a Lutheran, and since early manhood he has been prominently connected with the growth and [p. 688] progress of the English Lutheran church of Butler, being to-day one of its oldest and most honored members.

SQUIRE WILLIAM CAMPBELL was one of the first settlers in the borough of Butler. He was a son of Patrick and Eleanor CAMPBELL, and was born April 27, 1772, in Franklin county, Pennsylvania. His father was a native of Scotland, who settled in Franklin county, but little of his early history is known to his descendants in this county. Patrick CAMPBELL and wife died in the vicinity of Mercersburg, Pennsylvania, August 23 and October 23, 1795, respectively. Their children were: Samuel; David; Robert; Patrick; William, and Eleanor, who married a Mr. STOCKTON. Two of the sons were in the Revolutionary war, were captured by the British and died as prisoners on an English prison ship in New York harbor. The subject of this sketch grew to manhood in his native county, and there learned the carpenter's trade. In 1803 he came to Butler county for the purpose of selling a farm belonging to a friend, which was located in the northern part of the county, and on his way back remained at Butler, and purchased lot Number 57, at the first sale of lots in this borough, August 10, 1803, paying for the same forty-one dollars. On August 14, 1804, he purchaed lot Number 7, for twenty-three dollars and fifty cents, and on August 16, 1804, he bought outlots 27 and 28, for $110.50. In the record of these sales he is named "Maj. William CAMPBELL," because of his connection with the militia. The outlots contained five acres, and were situated where the West Penn depot now stands. It is believed by his grandsons that he took up his residence in Butler at the time he made his first purchase, built a log house upon his lot, opposite the present home of William CAMPBELL, and engaged in carpenter work for the pioneers of the village, which business he followed a few years. He continued to live in this house until the brick residence, now occupied by his grandson, was built. William CAMPBELL was a stanch Democrat, and a leader in his party in Butler county during pioneer days. In 1809 he was elected sheriff of the county, was appointed treasurer in 1813, elected commissioner in 1815, and prothonotary in 1821. He served continuously as justice of the peace from 1813 to 1822, was elected a member of the first borough council in 1817, and served in that body at different periods for many years, being chief burgess in 1828. His official career was marked by good executive ability and sterling integrity. In 1835 he engaged in general merchandising, in partnership with his two sons, James G. and William, under the firm name of William Campbell & Sons. This firm existed until 1845, when Mr. CAMPBELL retired from active business, and furned over his affairs to his sons. He was a life long member of the Presbyterian church of Butler, a charter member of that organization, and one of its first trustees, and gave liberally toward the support of the church. Mr. CAMPBELL married Jane, a daughter of John GILMORE, of Washington county, Pennsylvania, and a sister of John GILMORE, an early and prominent lawyer of Butler. Four children were the fruits of this union, as follows: James G.; William; Eleanor, who married Robert CUNNINGHAM, and Margaret, who became the wife of B.R. BRADFORD, all of whom are dead. The parents both died in the old homestead at Butler, the father March 6, 1849, and his wife, May 2, 1835. Mr. CAMPBELL possessed a fine presence, [p. 689] a powerful physical development, and was a man well calculated to undergo the trials of pioneer life.

WILLIAM CAMPBELL, Sr., second son of William and Jane (GILMORE) CAMPBELL, was born in the borough of Butler, January 18, 1813. His youth was passed in his native village, where he received a good common school education. His first employment was as clerk of the board of county commissioners. In 1835 he entered business with his father and brother, and in 1845 his father retired, leaving his sons in full control. They conducted the business successfully until 1852, when they closed out their stock. In that year they purchased the interest of John McCARNES in the foundry, in which they had owned a half interest since 1847, and established a store for the sale of the goods manufactured in this foundry and agricultural implements, which they supplied to the surrounding counties. They added a stock of general hardware in 1877. This store is still carried on by John S. and William CAMPBELL under the old firm title, and is one of the oldest and most successful business institutions of Butler. Although practically retired from active life, because of the increasing infirmities of age, Mr. CAMPBELL nevertheless took a deep interest in the business down to his death. He was one of the projectors, original stockholders and president of the Butler and Allegheny Plank Road Company, and took an active part in obtaining railroad facilities for Butler. He was also president and a director for many years of the Butler Mutual Fire Insurance Company. During the early oil days he was interested with H.J. KLINGLER and others in the development of that great industry. He was also one of the founders of the Butler Savings Bank, was president of that institution from February, 1877, to February, 1880, and again from January, 1886, to November, 1887, when he resigned the office. Always an earnest friend of education, he served on the school board for several years, and gave much time to the advancement of the public schools of Butler. Mr. CAMPBELL united with the Presbyterian church in 1832, was elected a ruling elder in 1841, was superintendent of the Sunday school for many years, and was always ready to aid every religious enterprise. His work in the church was earnest and practical. He had the courage of his convictions, and on every moral question expressed them fearlessly. A life long Democrat, he gave an unswerving support to the principles of his party, but never sought public office. He was twice married; first, October 27, 1835, to Clarissa, a daughter of John Leslie MAXWELL, a pioneer of Butler township. She died January 29, 1839, and March 31, 1841, he married Eliza J., daughter of John SHAW, of Glenshaw, Allegheny county. Their children were as follows: William, John S., James G., deceased, and Mary, wife of Joseph A. HERRON. Mrs. CAMPBELL died April 21, 1892. Her husband survived until November 17, 1893, dying in the eighty-first year of his age. Mr. CAMPBELL was the last survivor of his father's family. His death brought to a close an honorable and successful business life, which was characterized by the virtues of industry, honesty and sobriety. Diligent and successful in all his undertakings, he won the respect and confidence of those with whom he was associated in his various enterprises. His untiring industry, fidelity to every trust, and diligence were remarkable, while his watchfulness and care over business continued almost to the day of his death.

JAMES GILMORE CAMPBELL was born in Butler, Pennsylvania, April 5, 1811, and died in the same borough, November 23, 1885. He was the eldest son of William and Jane (GILMORE) CAMPBELL, and spent his entire life in his native county. He was connected with his father and brother William in business, and at the time of his death was senior member of the firm of J.G. & W. Campbell. In 1842 he was elected sheriff of Butler county, and during his term of office occurred the outbreak, growing out of the murder of the WIGTON family, by Mohawk, in which he displayed the bravest determination to uphold the law and enforce the peace. He was elected as presidential elector on the Democratic ticket in 1856, and was chosen by the electoral college to convey the returns of the State to Washington. President BUCHANAN subsequently appointed him marshal of the western district of Pennsylvania, an office which he filled from 1857 to 1861, in a manner satisfactory to men of all political opinions. On the breaking out of the Rebellion, Mr. CAMPBELL was among the first to give his support to the Union cause, and when, in 1862, the State was threatened by invasion, he was active in raising a company of volunteers to go to the defence of the flag. He was chosen captain of the company, and in that post, as in all others, whether public or private, he was faithful to his duty. Mr. CAMPBELL was never married, and for some years prior to his death was almost helpless from paralysis. But in all passing events he maintained his old time interest, and his mind remained comparatively clear to the last. Few men were better known in the county, and few wielded a wider influence. He was a man of marked courage and fearless in the discharge of his duty. In social life he was an agreeable companion, and his kind words and cheerful ways made him a favorite with all. His private life was pure and his integrity above question. In his business as a merchant, for more than forty years, he always bore the reputation of a liberal giver and an honest man.

WILLIAM CAMPBELL, eldest son of William and Eliza Jane (SHAW) CAMPBELL, was born in Butler, April 11, 1843, and received his education in the public schools and at Witherspoon Institute, completing his studies at Washington and Jefferson College. He then went to Pittsburg, where he was engaged in the foundry business until his appointment as cashier of the Butler Savings Bank, February 6, 1871. This position he has since filled in a highly creditable manner. He is a member of the firm of J.G. & W. CAMPBELL, lineal successors to the business established by his grandfather in 1835. He is also a director in the Butler Electric Light Company, and is interested in oil producing. In 1862 he enlisted in Company K., One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and served with his regiment at Antietam, Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. Politically, he has always been a Democrat, and, like his father, he is a consistent member of the Presbyterian church of Butler, in which he is one of the trustees. Mr. CAMPBELL was married June 11, 1889, to Elizabeth, daughter of Dr. Joseph LUSK, one of the pioneer physicians of the county. They are the parents of two children: William, and Janet.

JOHN S. CAMPBELL, second son of William and Eliza Jane (SHAW) Campbell, was born March 18, 1847, in the old homestead at Butler. His primary education was obtained in the public schools, and he afterwards attended the [p. 691] military academy, at West Chester, Pennsylvania. In 1866 he entered his father's employ, afterwards clerked in the Brady's Bend Iron Works store, and later was bookkeeper for Tack Brothers & Company, of Pittsburg, until 1869. On the death of his uncle, James Gilmore CAMPBELL, he and his brother William inherited their uncle's interest in the firm of J.G. & W. Campbell, and at their father's death became sole proprietors. Mr. CAMPBELL is the principal stockholder in, and president of, the Butler Electric Light Company, in the organization of which he was the leading spirit, and he was also the principal promoter of North Side cemetery. He was a member of the Bald Ridge Oil Company, and has operated extensively in the oil fields of Butler county, under the firm name of McBride & Campbell. Their celebrated well at McBride City, struck December 13, 1884, came in at the rate of nearly 10,000 barrels per day, and they sold half of it and the lease for $90,000. He has been actively engaged in oil producing since 1869, in various parts of this county and West Virginia. He is also the owner of a fine stock farm in Center township, and is engaged in breeding Jersey cattle and high grade horses. Mr. CAMPBELL was married October 9, 1885, to Jennie E., a daughter of R.J. ROGERS, of Attica, New York, and has two children: Richard R., and John S. He is prominent in the local councils of the Democratic party, and although not a member, he attends the Presbyterian church. He is a leading member of the Masonic order, and is also connected with the R.A., K.of H., A.L.of H., and the A.O.U.W.

MAURICE BREDIN is well and favorably remembered by the older inhabitants of Butler, where the greater portion of his life was passed. He was a native of County Donegal, Ireland, a son of James and Jane (DUNLAP) BREDIN. In 1802 the family settled in Donegal township, Butler county, where the father obtained 200 acres of land by settler's right. In 1812 they removed into what is now Summit township, about two miles southeast of Butler. Maurice was reared amidst pioneer surroundings, and was inured to the trials and hardships of early days. After reaching manhood he removed to Butler, where the remaining years of his life were passed. He married Ann NIBLOCK, a sister of Rev. Isaiah NIBLOCK, to which union were born the following children: James M.; John; Mary; Mrs. Maria CALDWELL; Mrs. Nannie KIRKER; Mrs. Sarah LAMBERTON, and Benjamin W. Mr. BREDIN served two years in the borough council, in 1819 and 1821; was justice of the peace for many years afterward; served four years as register and recorder of Butler county, and also as county commissioner. In 1823 himself and brother, John BREDIN, established the Repository, which they published several years. They were also among the prominent pioneer merchants of the borough, and carried on business on the south side of the Diamond. He died August 11, 1852, aged seventy-two years. His widow removed to Franklin and there died. Mr. BREDIN was a unique character, inflexibly honest, transparently sincere, intelligent, confiding, generous and unsophisticated as a child, and always true. He was intensely loyal to Butler county and her people, and a slight or indignity offered to either, under any circumstances, evoked his sharp and stern rebuke. He had but little regard for the conventionalities of society, as to manners, dress, or equipage, and keenly critized the innovations upon the simplicity of pioneer life. This trait in his character was often misinterpreted and misunderstood, but [p. 692] if censoriously called in question to his face, received from him such withering retorts as he alone was capable of giving. Mr. BREDIN possessed a tall, dignified, and commanding presence. He was genial, companionable and cheerful in all the associations of life, a devoted husband, a kind and indulgent father, an earnest, faithful christian. He lived and died in Butler, closing a long life without a stain upon his integrity, a marked and honored character in Butler's history. He was intensely Democratic in his political views, while in religion he was a practical member of St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal church.

JAMES DUNLAP was born on the corner of Main and Jefferson streets, in Butler, Pennsylvania, April 18, 1807, and was one of the first children born within the borough limits. His grandfather, Rev. James DUNLAP, was the second president of the Jefferson College, and his father, James DUNLAP, was a pioneer lawyer of the Butler bar, whence he removed to Mississippi and served on the bench a long term of years as United States district judge. The subject of this sketch was reared in Butler, received a good academical education, and early developed a strong taste for the surveyor's profession, which he studied under the able preceptorship of David DOUGAL, the pioneer surveyor of Butler county. On April 17, 1838, he married Margaret MURDOCK, a daughter of Samuel and Mary (CONNOR) MURDOCK, of Washington county. She became the mother of four children, as follows: Samuel M., of Butler; Mary L., wife of Robert HENRY, of Allegheny; Lydia R., wife of W.J. McKEE, of Butler, and James, deceased.

In 1862 he became a partner of W.S. BOYD, and the firm of W.S. Boyd & Company carried on merchandising on the corner of Main and Jefferson streets for many years, and subsequently he and Mr. BOYD engaged in dealing in real estate. Although following mercantile pursuits, Mr. DUNLAP did not give up surveying. As years sped by he became an enthusiast in his profession, and was always recognized as an excellent surveyor. He possessed a strong, clear, analytical mind, and was gifted with great energy and a constitution well fitted to bear the hardships of his laborious duties. Through judicious study and practice, he became a high authority on the land titles and surveys of this section of the State, and for years he was a most trusted witness in the establishment of boundary lines. He was celebrated for his clear, direct and positive statement of facts, supported by accurate and concise field notes and drafts. At the time of his death, July 29, 1892, there were few men in Butler county who had so large a personal acquaintance with its people as James DUNLAP. His memory stretched back over a period of more than three-quarters of a century, and his name was a familiar one in nearly every home.

Mr. DUNLAP was one of the leading Democrats of the county, and always in line with the advanced thought of his party. Thoroughly familiar with current history, and equally conversant with the maxims of sound political economy, he was a keen and dangerous opponent in debate, and sought rather than avoided political discussion. Aggressive and uncompromising in the assertion and maintenance of his convictions, he was always careful that political differences should not disturb the harmony of personal friendships. In 1860 he was a delegate to the National Democratic Convention at Charleston, South Carolina, was county surveyor for several years, always took a decided personal interest in the [p. 693] growth and progress of education, and served on the school board for a long period. He was a man of exemplary moral character, unassuming in manner, dignified and courteous in address, chaste in conversation, and upright in all his dealings with his fellowmen. His name and memory deserve a worthy place in the annals of his native town.

JOHN DUFFY, second son of Charles and Ellen DUFFY, was born in Ireland, in November, 1784, and immigrated with his parents to Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, in 1793, where the family resided until the spring of 1796, and then crossed the Allegheny river into what is now Butler county, with the advanced guard of pioneers. They were among the first settlers of Donegal township, and located on the tract since known as the DUFFY farm, where John grew to manhood. In August, 1814, he was appointed, by Governor SNYDER, captain of a company in the Twenty-fourth Regiment, Pennsylvania Militia, and served in that capacity many years. In 1816 he was elected a justice of the peace, which position he filled until 1823. In that year he removed to the borough of Butler and established a general store, which business he followed until 1840, when he was appointed one of the associate judges of Butler county. He served upon the bench until 1850, and then retired from all active business. He was never married, and died in June, 1864, aged eighty years. Judge DUFFY was a man of the strictest integrity, and possessed those sterling qualities which characterized the lives of the first settlers.

PETER DUFFY, third son of Charles and Ellen DUFFY, was born in Donegal township, Butler county, March 30, 1798. He was reared upon the homestead farm until he was eighteen years of age, attended the pioneer subscription schools, and endured the privations and trials incident to pioneer life. In 1816 he came to Butler and took charge of a woolen mill and carding machine attached to the old grist mill, which then stood across the Connoquenessing, above the site of the present REIBER mill. This old mill was erected by William NEYMAN in 1800, and was one of the first of the kind in Butler county. In 1823 he entered his brother John's store, and afterwards became a partner in the business. In 1827 he engaged in contracting on the Pennsylvania canal, and continued upon that public improvement until it was completed. Mr. DUFFY was appointed postmaster of Butler December 10, 1830, and held that office two years. He was then appointed prothonotary and clerk of the courts of Butler county, and served in that capacity until 1836. In 1833 he married Deborah DOUGHERTY, to whom were born three children, as follows: Mary, who became a Sister of Mercy, and in 1861, when the government established a soldier's hospital at Pittsburg, in which there were, during the greater part of the war, thousands of sick and wounded Union soldiers, she was placed in charge as Sister Superior, held that position until the close of the Rebellion, and died in February, 1870; Charles, who succeeded his father in business in 1873, and has since carried on merchandising at the same place, and James E., now pastor of the St. John's Catholic church, East Albany, New York. When the gold excitement broke out in 1849, Mr. DUFFY went to California, where he remained until 1853. Returning to Butler he resumed merchandising, which business he continued until 1863, and then retired from active business. The great oil development in Butler county embraced his [p. 694] farm in Donegal township and brought him a large royalty. Mr. DUFFY was one of the pioneer Catholics of Butler, and assisted in the erection of the old stone chapel, as well as both of the present church buildings. Throughout his long residence here he was recognized as one of the most charitable and useful citizens of the community. He was a man of wide information, broad views and great force of character. He died in December, 1883, at the ripe old age of eighty-six years, a veritable patriarch of his native county.

HUGH MCKEE, second son of Thomas and Martha McKEE, was born in the Tuscarora valley, Mifflin county, Pennsylvania, in 1783, and died in the borough of Butler in 1835. He came with his parents to this county when about fourteen years old, learned the tanner's trade, and later established a tannery on the site of Berg's bank, which business he followed for many years. This tannery is one of the well remembered industries of early days. Mr. McKEE was a soldier in the War of 1812, serving in a company from Butler county. He was one of the first elders of the United Presbyterian church, and filled that office for more than thirty years. In 1810 he married Margaret DUNBAR, a daughter of John DUNBAR, of Butler township, to which union were born the following children: Jane, who married George POTTS, of Altoona; Thomas; Robert; Maria, who married Alexander McBRIDE, of Butler; Martha; Margaret; Isaiah J., who died in California in 1861, and James Cooper, a retired surgeon of the United States army, the last being the only survivor of the family. Mrs. McKEE survived her husband more than forty years, and died in 1876.

JAMES COOPER MCKEE, a retired surgeon of the Unites States army, was born in the borough of Butler, Pennsylvania, May 18, 1830, and received his education in the public schools and at the Butler Academy. He then taught for two winters in Middlesex and Summit townships, and in 1848 attended Duquesne College. He commenced the study of medicine with Dr. William C. THOMPSON, of Indianapolis, attended lectures at the Medical University of Pennsylvania, and graduated from that institution in 1852. Dr. McKEE commenced practice at Altoona, where he continued until 1856, and for the next year was located at Hollidaysburg. In 1857 he was examined by the medical board of the regular army, passed, and was commissioned assistant surgeon in the United States army in 1858. His first duty was in charge of a body of recruits from Fort Leavenworth across the plains to Fort Union, New Mexico, a march of 800 miles. In the winter of 1858 he went to old Fort Massachusetts, Colorado, from where he was ordered into the Navajoe Indian country, New Mexico, during the Indian war, and was there until 1859. He was next stationed at Fort Filmore, New Mexico, then ordered into Arizona, and served in the Apache Indian campaign until 1860, when he returned to Fort Filmore and was ordered into a winter campaign under General CANBY against the Navajoe Indians. In the spring of 1861 he returned to Fort Filmore, and, the Rebellion having broken out, he was taken prisoner by Major BAYLOR, who commanded a Texas Militia regiment, was paroled and finally returned to Fort Leavenworth, and thence to Jefferson Barracks, Missouri. He was soon afterwards ordered to Fort Wayne, and then to Camp Butler, Illinois, where he had charge of the rebel prisoners of war. Here he was relieved from parole by exchange, and went to Chester, [p. 695] Pennsylvania, where he organized a hospital; was next ordered to join General POPE's army, at Second Bull Run, and served as assistant medical director of the army. At the battle of Antietam he was made assistant medical purveyor of the army, and stationed at Frederick City, Maryland, after the battle. He afterwards took charge of a hospital at Baltimore, and was next sent to organize a general hospital at Pittsburg. In 1863 Dr. McKEE was promoted to the rank of captain, and was placed in charge of Lincoln United States Hospital, Washington, D.C., with a capacity of 3,000 beds, where he remained until the close of the war. During this period 25,000 sick and wounded men passed under his attention. He was next ordered to New Mexico as chief medical officer, with headquarters at Sante [sic] Fe, where he met with an accident, was sent to Fort Wadsworth, in New York harbor, and remained there between three and four years. After a visit to Europe he became medical director of the department of Arizona, afterward served in the same capacity at Vancouver Barracks, Washington Territory, department of Columbia, and was finally retired from active service, in 1891, for injuries received in the line of duty, with the rank of lieutenant colonel. He returned to his old home in Butler, which has since been his place of residence. Colonel McKEE is a gentleman of fine literary tastes, dignified character, broad views and a wide knowledge of men and books. He is the author of a pamphlet giving the details of the surrender of his command at Fort Filmore, which has run through three editions, and is highly prized by military men.

MAJ. GEORGE W. REED was born in Bedford county, Pennsylvania, July 14, 1803. His father, a native of Scotland, died when our subject was five years old, and his mother, who was born in Holland, subsequently married a gentleman named ASH. George W. was reared upon his stepfather's farm. At the age of twenty-one he visited his cousin, J.J. SEDWICK, who was engaged in the harness and saddlery business at Butler, Pennsylvania. Mr. SEDWICK induced him to learn the harnessmaker's trade, and after serving his apprenticeship he located at Harmony, Butler county, where he worked at his trade for a few months. Returning to Butler he soon after purchased the saddlery and harness business and property of William CRISWELL, and carried on that business for some time. He next bought the site and built the home where his daughter now resides, also a store building which then stood on the site of Alfred WICK's residence. He conducted business here until 1863. Mr. REED was originally a Whig, but on the formation of the Republican party he joined that organization and was ever afterwards a stanch defender of its principles. In 1841-42 he served in the borough council, in 1845 was elected sheriff, and in 1861 treasurer of Butler county. In 1828 he was one of the viewers appointed by the court to lay out the road from Butler to Kittanning, and in 1845 he was one of the viewers who surveyed the road from Butler to Brady's Bend. Mr. REED was active in the State Militia, first serving as captain and major, and in 1835 he was elected brigade inspector for Butler and Beaver counties, and in 1842 for Butler county alone. In 1848 he was elected brigadier-general, and subsequently adjutant and major of his battalion, which he virtually commanded. Major REED was among the early oil operators of Butler county, and later in life, while not an active operator, had valu-[p. 696]able interests in the Hundred Foot field and in other parts of the county. Though not actively engaged in agricultural pursuits, he owned and operated a farm close to the borough up to the time of his death, which is still in the possession of his family. He was reared in the Lutheran faith, but after his marriage he joined the United Presbyterian church, and was a prominent member of the Butler society.

Major REED was married in 1832, to Mary A. POTTS, whose parents were natives of Glasgow, Scotland, whence they removed to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Nine children blessed this union, as follows: Anne J., widow of J.T. LANE of Davenport, Iowa; Catharine A., widow of Simpson WALKER; Eliza, deceased wife of James A. BALPH; Alfred G., who was mortally wounded at Fredericksburg; Nelson P., deceased, for many years a prominent publisher of Pittsburg; Agnes L., who resides in the old home at Butler; George W., deceased; Mary, wife of Charles A. SULLIVAN, a member of the Pittsburg bar, and Joseph, a resident of the same city. Mrs. REED died in Butler, May 8, 1887. Her husband survived her nearly six years, and died in the old homestead, February 16, 1893. Their married life extended over a period of fifty-five years, and throughout their long residence in Butler they enjoyed the love and confidence of a large circle of friends. The gentlemanly bearing of Major REED in all the walks and departments of life, had much to do with winning the admiration and respect of his fellow citizens. He possessed a most genial and sociable nature, and a rectitude and integrity without a stain. Temperate and moral in all things, an active and useful citizen, he earned the esteem of all, and passed away at the advanced age of nearly ninety years without leaving an enemy behind.

NELSON P. REED, second son of Maj. George W. REED, was born in Butler, Pennsylvania, August 14, 1841, where he also received his education in the public schools and at Witherspoon Institute. When his father was elected county treasurer, Nelson P. entered the office as assistant, and at the same time took charge of the register and recorder's office for C.E. ANDERSON, the register and recorder, who was in the army as captain of Company C., One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Pennsylvania Volunteers. In 1863 he was appointed book-keeper for the Pittsburg Dispatch, and subsequently business manager of that paper. He next purchased the Pittsburg Gazette, and later consolidated it with the Pittsburg Commercial, under the title, Commercial-Gazette, and published that paper to the time of his death. Mr. REED was twice married, his first wife being Miss Lizzie ROBB, to whom was born a daughter, Bessie, wife of Alfred G. REED, of Pittsburg. His second wife was Miss Emma Dunlap, who survives him, and is the mother of one son, Nelson, deceased. The ability of Nelson P. REED, as publisher of the Commercial-Gazette, is known throughout the State, and his success reflects credit on the place of his birth.

ALFRED G. REED, in whose honor A.G. Reed Post, G.A.R., of Butler, was named, was born July 2, 1839, in Butler borough, son of Maj. George W. REED. He was educated in the common schools and at Witherspoon Institute, and commenced reading law with John N. PURVIANCE. Before his admission to the bar, at the first call for troops in 1861, he enlisted as a private in Company H, Thirteenth Pennsylvania Volunteers, which was one of the first regiments to [p. 697] cross the Potomac into Virginia. At the expiration of his three months' term, he re-enlisted for three years in Company H, Seventy-Eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was commissioned second sergeant. His regiment was assigned to General NEGLEY's command, operating in Kentucky and Tennessee. After a brief period he obtained permission from the colonel of his regiment to return to Butler and raise a company of mounted men; but subsequently joined C.E. ANDERSON, in recruiting Company C, One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Pennsylvania Volunteers, for the nine months' service. He was commissioned first lieutenant of this company, on August 14, 1862, and was promoted to the rank of adjutant, on October 2, following. He was frequently complimented by General HUMPHREY on being one of the most efficient drill masters in the division. In that terrible charge at Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862, he was mortally wounded, and died on December 28, following. His remains were brought home and now rest in North Side cemetery. Adjutant REED married Mary B. MILLER, of Allegheny, who still resides in that city. One son was born to this union, Alfred G., now one of the owners of the Commercial-Gazette, of Pittsburg.

HON. JACOB ZIEGLER was born in Gettysburg, Adams county, Pennsylvania, September 19, 1813, the second in a family of nine children born to George and Gertrude Elizabeth ZIEGLER of that place. He attended the schools of his native town during his boyhood, or until the removal of the family to a farm some three miles from Gettysburg, where he continued to assist his parents in the necessary work. Finally tiring of agricultural pursuits, he concluded to seek his fortune in a more congenial occupation. Leaving home without his parents' knowledge, with a capital of but one dollar and twelve cents in his pocket, he went to Gettysburg, thence proceeded to Pittsburg, and from the latter city came to Butler, traveling the whole distance afoot and living on the scantiest fare during the journey. He arrived at William BEATTY's tavern on the evening of August 21, 1831, with only twelve cents of his capital left. That kind-hearted gentleman, after learning the circumstances, gave him his supper and a night's lodging. During the evening he met David AGNEW, an old schoolmate, and the following day he took up his abode at Mr. AGNEW's home. About a month later he entered the Repository office for the purpose of learning the printer's trade. James McGLAUGHLIN, one of the editors, asked him to take the place just made vacant by the death of a former apprentice, Neil McBRIDE, and he says: "I agreed to do so on condition that I was to eat at the same table with the family. He said, certainly, but I would find the victuals d--n poor." "The agreement," says Mr. ZIEGLER, "was written with chalk on the inside of the front door of the office, and was about in these words:"

SEPTEMBER, 1831.
Jacob Ziegler came to learn the printing business with McGlaughlin & McClelland. He agrees to stay two years and six months, when he will be free. During that time we agree to furnish him with victuals, clothing and lodging.
      MCGLAUGHLIN & MCCLELLAND.             JACOB ZIEGLER.

He remained faithful to this agreement, served his full time, and continued to work in the office as a journeyman. Some time later his parents, learning of his whereabouts, came to see him, and were so well pleased with his progress and [p. 698]good record that his father purchased him an interest in the office. In May, 1842, he became one of the proprietors of the Herald, with which he was connected a few years at that period. His name is inseparably linked with that paper, which in later years was known far and wide as "Ziegler's Herald."

In the meantime he became quite prominent in public affairs, and began to wield a great influence in the councils of the Democratic party. From 1835 to 1838 he served as clerk of the board of county commissioners, and in the latter year he was appointed prothonotary of Butler county by Governor PORTER. In October, 1838, he was elected as his own successor, and served three years. During this period he had studied law under Hon. John BREDIN, was admitted to the bar April 18, 1836, and practiced his profession a few years. In 1843 he was chosen transcribing clerk in the State Senate, served in that capacity for two sessions, and afterwards as assistant clerk of the same body one year. In 1847 he was elected a member of the legislature, served one term, and was then appointed a clerk in the pension department at Washington, D.C. When General TAYLOR became president, the heads of many Democratic clerks fell under the office ax, and Mr. ZIEGLER's was one of them. In 1849 he went to California and spent fourteen months in the mines of the Golden State. Returning to Pennsylvania, he was appointed chief clerk in the office of the secretary of the Commonwealth, and served in that capacity during Governor BIGLER's administration. He was an assistant clerk in the House in 1857, and chief clerk from 1858 to 1860. In 1861 he was elected chief clerk of the Senate, and served during one session. While acting as chief clerk of the House, Mr. ZIEGLER wrote a book on parliamentary law, which embraced the rules and laws governing the General Assembly, and various other matters of interest. This work, known as "Ziegler's Manual," was the foundation of what is now "Smull's Legislative Hand Book." He was a recognized authority on parliamentary law, and few men of his time possessed so thorough a knowledge of the rules governing legislative bodies. It may not be generally known that Mr. ZIEGLER was the originator of the Credit Mobilier, and that from his fertile brain sprung that great plan to raise funds for the construction of the Union Pacific railroad. He, however, made little out of it, while millions were made by other prominent public men who utilized this product of his brain. So wide was his reputation for some years succeeding the Rebellion, that the New York Herald once mentioned his name among the prospective presidential candidates. In 1882 he was again elected to the legislature by the people of Butler county, and was a recognized leader of the Democratic party in the House. Captain ZIEGLER was a fluent and forcible speaker and a ready and vigorous writer. His speeches were full of pith and point, permeated with a vein of humor, and illustrated by appropriate anecdotes, which he seemed to have always ready for the occasion. He was celebrated as a story teller, and the life of every social gathering.

His title of captain was derived from his connection with the DeKalb Greys, the crack military company of Butler county prior to the Rebellion. He organized, equipped and drilled this command, and was its leading spirit during its existence. When Sumter was fired on and the flag insulted, Captain ZIEGLER, [p. 699]seeing no hope of an honorable peace, took a firm stand in defence of the Union. He became a voluntary recruiting officer in raising men for the service, and did all in his power to assist the government during those four long years of civil strife. He served as burgess of Butler several terms, and also in the borough council. In 1867 he again became the owner of the Herald, took his son, Alfred G., into partnership, and continued as an editor and publisher to the time of his death, which occurred at his home in Butler, June 19, 1888, in the seventy-fifth year of his age. As a distinguished mark of respect, all places of business in Butler were closed during the funeral, and the whole town assumed the appearance of mourning. Honest, kind, generous, helpful, charitable, he died without an enemy. Both in his public career and in his home life, he had won the warmest esteem and friendship of the community. His sterling character endeared him most to those who knew him best, while the affectionate and familiar title of "Uncle Jake," given to him by young and old alike, was but another tribute to his kindness of heart and fatherly bearing from the people among whom he had lived for more than a half a century.

Captain ZIEGLER was married June 30, 1835, to Sarah BRINKER, a daughter of Capt. Abraham BRINKER, a pioneer tavern keeper of Butler, and later an honored resident of the Bonny Brook settlement. Three sons and four daughters blessed this union, named as follows: Amelia; George W.; Julia E.; Annie L., wife of W.A. LOWRY; Mary A.; Alfred G., and Henry, all of whom are dead except George W. and Mrs. LOWRY, both residents of Butler. Mrs. ZIEGLER died March 13, 1881. She and husband were zealous members of St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal church, and for many years he was a vestryman and warden in that society.

GEORGE W. ZIEGLER was born October 26, 1838, in Butler, Pennsylvania, son of Jacob and Sarah (BRINKER) ZIEGLER, the latter a daughter of Abraham BRINKER, a pioneer of Butler. He received a common school education, and learned the printer's trade in his father's office. From 1858 to 1860, he worked at stove moulding, and was a conductor for three years on Ridge Avenue line in Philadelphia. In 1862 he went to Venango county, and was engaged in the oil business and in various other occupations for seventeen years. He then returned to Butler and opened a tin shop, which he carried on three years, when he again returned to the oil fields of Venango, Armstrong and Butler counties, where he spent three years, and then resumed the tinning business in Butler, which he followed until 1892. In that year he established his present business of "fixer." He was janitor of the court house from 1881 to 1883, burgess of Butler in 1881-82, and tax collector in 1886-87-88, when he resigned the office. He was again elected burgess in February, 1893, and filled that position for one year. In politics, he has always been a Democrat, of which party his father was one of the leading members throughout his long residence in Butler county. Mr. ZIEGLER married Rachel, a daughter of John SHIRLEY, and they are the parents of nine children: J. Walter; Emma, wife of George KECK; Anna, wife of William McKEE; John; Gertie, wife of Edward TIBBALS; Frank; Pattie; Claude, and Mabel.

HON. WILLIAM BEATTY, one of the leading citizens of Butler county for many years, was a native of Stewartstown, County Tyrone, Ireland, born 1787. He was reared in his native land, and immigrated to Pennsylvania in 1807, finally settling in Butler. He served as a sergeant in Captain THOMPSON's company from Butler county in the War of 1812. In a few years he began to wield great influence in the councils of the Democratic party, and became a valued and representative citizen. He served one term as sheriff of Butler county, three terms in the legislature, and in 1836 was elected to Congress and re-elected in 1838. He discharged the duties of these responsible positions with unswerving faithfulness and recognized ability. For many years he was a popular leader of his party in this county, and his strength with the people springing from his innate force of character, rugged common sense, and invincible honesty of purpose. He was one of the pioneer hotel keepers of the borough for a long period, his place being a kind of Democratic headquarters, and also the stopping place for the stage lines. Mr. BEATTY was enterprising and public spirited, and though stern and austere in appearance and brief of speech, he was kind-hearted and charitable to those in need of assistance. He finally purchased a farm immediately west of the borough, built the brick residence yet standing, and resided there during the last years of his life, dying April 2, 1851. Throughout his residence in Butler he enjoyed the confidence and esteem of its best people, and was honored as a man and citizen by all with whom he came in contact.

OLIVER DAVID, for many years one of the well known mercants of Butler, was born in Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, August 22, 1788. His parents, John and Rebecca DAVID, lived on the Chambersburg road, about eight miles from Harrisburg. Towards the close of the Eighteenth century the family removed to what is now Butler county, settling in Middlesex township, where the parents resided until their death, and here Oliver grew to manhood. In September, 1814, he married Ann WELLS, a native of Dauphin county. She was a daughter of Joseph and Jane WELLS, who removed from Dauphin to Beaver county about the same time the DAVID family settled in Butler county. The young couple took up their abode in Middlesex township, where Mr. DAVID engaged in farming, also carried on a tannery until his removal to Butler. Four children blessed their union, one son and three daughters, the son dying in infancy. The daughters were as follows; Jane, who married William CAMPBELL, of Pittsburg, and after his death Henry BOYD, of Butler; Rebecca B., who became the wife of James CAMPBELL, of Butler, and Annalanah, who married William ADAMS, of Fairview township. About 1832 Mr. DAVID removed to Butler, where his wife died in 1840. Soon after locating in this borough he entered on a successful mercantile career that lasted about a quarter century. He died here November 5, 1871. Both he and his wife were leading members of the Presbyterian church of Butler. Mr. DAVID was an industrious, careful and economical man, who devoted his entire attention to his business affairs. He was strictly honest in all his dealings, possessed a character of great firmness and decision, and was quite remarkable for his self control.

JAMES CAMPBELL was one of the prominent and best known merchants of Butler throughout a long and successful business career. He was born near [p. 701]Kennet Square, Chester county, Pennsylvania, January 11, 1802, son of James and Margaret CAMPBELL, natives of Ireland, and early settlers of Middlesex township, Butler county. He resided with his parents until after the settlement of the family in this county, assisting in the erection of buildings and in clearing the land. In 1833 he and his brother William established a grocery store in Pittsburg, and at the same time opened a store at Hookstown, Beaver county, which James took charge of and continued to manage until his brother's death, in 1835. His father died the following year, and James then erected a store building on the farm in Middlesex township, where he carried on merchandising for a short time and also looked after the farm. While on the farm he frequently drove a six-horse team, with a Conestoga wagon, to Philadelphia, exchanging the produce of the farm for goods to stock his store. He also occasionally bought cattle and drove them over the mountains to the eastern market; thus he laid the foundation of his subsequent fortune.

Mr. CAMPBELL was married, January 21, 1841, to Rebecca Bell David, second daughter of Oliver DAVID, one of the pioneer mercants of Butler. She was born on the homestead farm in Middlesex township, Butler county, July 23, 1820, and was about twelve years old when her parents removed into the borough of Butler. Here she grew to womanhood, and was in her twenty-first year when married to Mr. CAMPBELL. Six children blessed their union, as follows: William Oliver, now pastor of the Presbyterian church of Sewickley; Margaret A., wife of Hon. J.D. McJUNKIN, of Butler; James Thompson, a merchant of Franklin; Theodore Chalmers, attorney at law, of Butler; Howard David, who died in Allegheny in 1889, where he was filling the responsible position of treasurer of the Pittsburg and Western Railroad Company, and Clara Bell, wife of W.D. BRANDON of Butler. At the age of seventeen Mrs. CAMPBELL united with the Presbyterian church of Butler, and died in that faith, November 28, 1853.

In 1842 Mr. CAMPBELL removed to Butler, became a partner with his father-in-law the same year, and continued merchandising until 1864. He was one of the founders of the First National Bank of Butler, and its first president, and during his term of office the affairs of that institution were conducted honestly and successfully, on sound banking principles, speculation with its funds was not permitted, and the bank paid good dividends. He was repeatedly intrusted with the settlement of estates of deceased friends, duties to which he attended with the greatest fidelity. Mr. CAMPBELL became a Presbyterian in 1828, and continued a member of that church until his death, which occurred at his home in Butler, November 16, 1886. He was for many years a trustee of the Butler church and one of its most liberal supporters. He was also actively interested in the prosperity of Witherspoon Institute, and a warm friend of the public schools. At the time of his death, John H. NEGLEY paid to his memory the following tribute in the Butler Citizen:

During all his long and active life as a merchant, his integrity was never called in question. Of strict business habits, high moral principles, temperate in life, and correct in all things, he has passed from among us at a ripe old age, leaving a name to be respected and an example to be followed. Mr. CAMPBELL was a man of strong impules, [p. 702]and fearless in the expression of his views. He was always prompt in his support of the right, and maintained his convictions with unyielding firmness. He was also a man of quick apprehension and of far more than ordinary intelligence.

Rev. Loyal YOUNG, his friend and pastor, spoke of him as follows:

It was my privilege to enjoy Mr. CAMPBELL's lifelong friendship, having been intimate with him for more than fifty years. To this community it is not necessary to address words of eulogy. You all know how intelligent and useful he was. Were I to select a single word to present his character, I would express it by the word integrity--integrity in his dealings, in his church and family relations, in his moral character, caused him to be trusted and honored.

THEODORE CHALMERS CAMPBELL, attorney at law, was born in Butler, Pennsylvania, January 27, 1848, son of James and Rebecca B. CAMPBELL. The early education of our subject was obtained in the public schools, and he subsequently attended Witherspoon Institute, of Butler, and Phillips Academy, at Andover, Massachusetts. In 1866 he commenced to read law with Col. John M. THOMPSON, completed his studies under Hon. Samuel A. PURVIANCE, of Pittsburg, and was admitted to the bar in the latter city, in 1869. He practiced in Pittsburg until 1872, and then located in Butler, where he has since been engaged in the duties of his profession, being now recognized as one of the leading members of the Butler bar. In 1891 he was elected city solicitor, which position he filled for three years. In politics, he has always been a supporter of the Republican party, and in religious faith an adherent of the Presbyterian church. Mr. CAMPBELL was married November 18, 1873, to Juliette ESTEP, a daughter of Joseph P. ESTEP, of Allegheny. Four children have been born to this union, viz: Louisa C.; Jean W.; James O., and Juliette E.

HON. EBENEZER MCJUNKIN was born in Centre township, Butler county, Pennsylvania, March 28, 1819, and is the youngest son of David and Elizabeth (MOORE) McJUNKIN, early settlers of the county. He lived in his native township until 1830, when his father bought and removed to Mt. Etna furnace, in Slippery Rock township, where our subject attended the common schools until 1836. In that year he entered Jefferson College, at Canonsburg, in which institution he spent five years, graduating in September, 1841. He returned to his home in Butler county, and soon after commenced the study of law under Hon. Charles C. SULLIVAN, one of the leading attorneys of western Pennsylvania, and was admitted to the bar September 12, 1843. He entered practice in partnership with his preceptor, which continued about four years, and he was then appointed deputy attorney-general and opened an office of his own. Through the passing years he won and retained a large and lucrative practice and became one of the best known members of the bar. For half a century he has been recognized as one of the ablest, most eloquent and powerful advocates in this section of the State. In 1857-58 he was in partnership with James BREDIN, but from the latter year down to the present, he has not had a law partner. Mr. McJUNKIN was an old line Whig until the birth of the Republican party, when in unison with some twelve or fifteen other citizens who met in the court house, he assisted in organizing the Republican party of Butler county and in placing a ticket in the field. Since that event he has been one of the prominent and influential leaders of his party in the [p. 703] State. In 1860 he was a delegate to the National Republican Convention, and was a member of the electoral college in 1864. During LEE's threatened invasion of Pennsylvania, in 1862, he went out as the first lieutenant of the "Blackstone Guards," a company largely composed of members of the bar of Butler county.

In November, 1870, he was elected to the Forty-second Congress, and in 1872 was re-elected to the Forty-third, serving until the fall of 1874, when he was elected, with James BREDIN, a judge of the district composed of Butler and Lawrence counties. He immediately resigned his seat in Congress, to take effect in January, 1875. In the drawing of lots, Judge McJUNKIN became president judge of the district, and served in that capacity from January, 1875, to January, 1885. His career on the bench was characterized by marked ability, judicial dignity and courtesy, while his decisions were at all times recognized as fair and impartial. He was always patient and considerate with the members of the bar, but firm and unyielding in upholding the cause of justice. Since leaving the bench he has devoted his attention to his professional duties, and in the evening years of his life is enjoying the fruits of his industry. From the earliest history of the oil development he has given aid and encouragement to that enterprise, and was among the first to show his faith in the petroleum wealth of Butler county.

Judge McJUNKIN was married on July 29, 1847, to Jane BREDIN, eldest daughter of Judge John BREDIN, of Butler. Four children were the fruits of this union, viz,: John BREDIN, who died in infancy; Nannie, who resides with her father; James B., a member of the Butler bar, and Libbie M., wife of Clarence WALKER, an attorney of Butler. Mrs. McJUNKIN died in December, 1854. She was a member of the Protestant Episcopal church, and though her husband was reared a Presbyterian, he united with the Episcopal church, and has been a member of the vestry and a warden for many years. Judge McJUNKIN is a man of fine literary tastes, and possesses a mind well stored with the gems of the leading thinkers of the past and present. Of the purest integrity, he enjoys the confidence of a large circle of friends, and has always been regarded with highest esteem by the best people of his native county.

HON. CHARLES MCCANDLESS was born in Centre township, Butler county, Pennsylvania, November 27, 1834. His paternal grandfather, George McCANDLESS, a native of Antrim county, Ireland, emigrated to Pennsylvania when nineteen years old and settled near Carlisle, Cumberland county. About 1794 George McCANDLESS married Mary, daughter of Nathan FISHER, with whom he had found employment. In 1796 he removed with his young wife to Centre township, Butler county, where he spent the balance of his life. They were the parents of six sons and three daughters, the eldest son, John, being the father of Charles McCANDLESS. In 1824 John McCANDLESS married Jemima REAVES SULLIVAN, a sister of Charles C. SULLIVAN, long a leading member of the Butler county bar. John McCANDLESS was county commissioner in pioneer days, and subsequently associate judge of Butler county. He was the father of three sons and six daughters, Charles being the fifth in the family. The maternal grandfather of our subject was Charles SULLIVAN, a native of James river valley, Northumberland county, Virginia, where his ancestors had settled about the year 1700. [p. 704] Charles SULLIVAN was a soldier of the Revolution from Virginia, and was one of the first settlers of Butler county. Charles McCANDLESS grew to manhood on his father's farm, and received his education in a pioneer log school house of that locality. When twenty years of age he taught school in the same building, in the winter of 1854-55. In 1856 he came to Butler, entered Witherspoon Institute, and proved himself an industrious and progressive student. After completing his education he read law with his uncle, Charles C. SULLIVAN, was admitted to the bar June 14, 1858, and his uncle at once took him into partnership. In a few years he became recognized as a perservering and able lawyer, and entered upon a successful legal career that closed only with his death. In 1860 Mr. Sullivan died, and our subject succeeded to his large practice, which gradually increased through the passing years. Mr. McCANDLESS was married October 16, 1860 to Catherine, daughter of John Michael ZIMMERMAN, one of the pioneer hotel keepers of Butler. Their children are as follows: Caroline, who married Edward P. GREELY, of Nashua, Iowa; Mary B., who became the wife of Frederick LEE, and after his death married George D. OGDEN, of Butler; Catherine, wife of John G. JENNINGS; Louisa, and Charles, who died in early youth. In September, 1862, Mr. McCANDLESS was elected major of the Fourteenth Pennsylvania Militia, which, with other commands went to the support of General McCLELLAN at the battle of Antietam. A stanch and unswerving Republican, his party elected him to the State Senate in 1862, and he served in that body three years. At the Republican caucus for speaker of the Senate he came within one vote of being nominated for that position. In 1872 he was a delegate to the Philadelphia convention, which nominated GRANT and WILSON as the Republican standard bearers. In 1874 he was appointed by Governor HARTRANFT judge of the Seventeenth judicial district, and the same year he received the Republican nomination for judge of the same district, comprising Butler and Lawrence counties, his associate on the ticket being L.L. McGUFFIN, of Lawrence; but a bolt took place in the convention, and E. McJUNKIN, his competitor for the office, was nominated by the dissatisfied element of the party. The party thus being divided, a combination was effected between the friends of Judge McJUNKIN and James BREDIN, the latter one of the Democratic nominees. This combination was successful, and Mr. McCANDLESS and Mr. McGUFFIN were defeated. In February, 1878, Judge McCANDLESS was appointed by President HAYES chief justice of New Mexico, and filled that responsible position until October, 1878, when he resigned and returned to Butler. He at once resumed the practice of law, and continued to prosecute the duties of his profession until his death, which occurred March 14, 1893. His widow resides in the old homestead, where so many happy years of their lives were passed together. Judge McCANDLESS was an attendant of the Presbyterian church, and throughout his long and prosperous career in Butler he was recognized as one of the leading jurists of western Pennsylvania.

HON. JOHN H. MITCHELL, United States Senator from the State of Oregon, was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, June 22, 1835. At an early period of his life his parents removed to Butler county, which claims him as a son by adoption if not by birth, and it was here that his boyhood days were spent amid the environments of a life upon the farm, a life of constant toil and priva-[p. 705] tion. Having made up his mind to obtain an education, he never relaxed his efforts until he was admitted to Witherspoon Institute, from which institution he was graduated. The difficulties that beset his path seemed but to exert him to more persistent effort, and bending every energy he overcame all obstacles, so that at an early age he was the possessor of not only a good English education, but was also a fair classical scholar. Thus equipped he entered upon the study of law, and brought to the task the same industry and indomitable will that had hitherto marked his character. With him the study of law became a passion, and at an early period he was so well grounded in all the branches of his profession that his advice was sought by many attorneys of long and active practice at the bar. In 1860 he left his native State for the Pacific coast, and after a brief sojourn in California, permanently located in Portland, Oregon. Soon after his arrival in Oregon, the War of the Rebellion was inaugurated. At that time there was a strong sentiment in California and Oregon and the adjacent territories in favor of the formation of a "Pacific Coast Republic." The prominent leaders in this movement were men originally from the Southern States, who had dominated the politics of the coast. Thus directed it gained considerable impetus, and had it not been for the active and courageous opposition of a number of determined men this movement would probably have made the task of preserving the Union still more difficult. It was at this juncture that Mr. Mitchell first came prominently forward in public affairs. His earnest eloquence and energy were on the side of the Union, and to his untiring efforts is due in a large measure the failure of the movement to establish an independent government on the shores of the Pacific. As the leader of the opposition to this scheme he was, in June, 1862, elected to the Oregon State Senate, and for four years presided over the deliberations of that body. In 1866, the Republican party being in control of the legislature, he came within one vote of the caucus nomination for United States Senator.

In 1872, Mr. MITCHELL was elected to the United States Senate, his term of office commencing March 4, 1873. His ability was soon recognized by his colleagues, and in the arrangement of the committees he was given a place on several of the most important, particularly the committee on privileges and elections, of which Oliver P. MORTON was chairman. During the exciting period that followed the presidential election of 1876, this committee was charged with the duty of investigating the contested elections in Louisiana, South Carolina, Florida and Oregon. Pending the investigations, Mr. MORTON was designated a member of the Electoral Commission, and, therefore, became ineligible to serve as chairman of the committee on privileges and elections. This condition made it necessary for Mr. Mitchell to act as chairman, and he conducted the investigations with remarkable ability and judgment. So successful was he in this trying ordeal, and so uniformly fair and judicial was his conduct, that his party associates accord him the praise of having so prepared the Republican side of the case that when laid before the world it was without a flaw. As a legal document defining the relations between the State and the National government, this report was accepted by the Electoral Commission as the correct and constitutional guide for its conduct in reaching a decision.

[p. 706]

Mr. Mitchell has endeared himself to the people of his State by his efforts to free the Columbia river from the control of monopolists. Through his exertions Congress has undertaken to overcome certain obstructions in this river, which so long as they exist will make free navigation impossible. As a speaker, Mr. Mitchell is clear and concise; his sentences are striking for their clear-cut compactness, and his arguments in the Senate and before the Supreme Court are conspicuous for acuteness and correctness of thought. He is a diligent student and a profound thinker, but above all he is a man of strong common sense. His success in life teaches the lesson that success comes only to those who have the energy to strive for it, and who have common sense enough to take advantage of opportunities as they are presented. The reasons for his success, outside of his stock of common sense, are to be found in his rigid industry, indomitable will and fidelity to duty, and in no man is there a higher examplification of the truth that "Fidelity is the bond of human society, the foundation of all justice and above all things to be religiously observed." He is serving his third term in the Senate, and his standing in that body is ascertained by mentioning the committees of which he is a member, viz.: judiciary, privileges and elections, claims, post offices and post roads, transportation routes to the seabord, and claims against Nicaragua.

HON. AARON LYLE HAZEN was born in Shenango township, Lawrence county (then a part of Beaver), Pennsylvania, February 19, 1837. He is a son of Henry and Sarah (WARNOCK) Hazen, natives of Pennsylvania. His parental grandfather, Nathan HAZEN, was born in Washington county, son of Nathaniel HAZEN, a native of Connecticut, who was a pioneer of Washington and afterward of Beaver county; while his maternal grandfather, James WARNOCK, was born in Down county, Ireland. His maternal grandmother was a descendant of Robert LYLE, a pioneer of Northumberland county, whose descendants were also pioneers of Washington county, Pennsylvania. Aaron L. attended the district schools of his native township, and later the Beaver Academy, graduating from the latter institution in 1858. He then entered Jefferson College, at Canonsburg, where he was graduated in 1861, the last year being devoted to the study of law. When Sumter was fired upon he was among the first to enlist in defense of the Union, and was mustered into the Twelfth Pennsylvania Volunteers, in April, 1861. Upon the expiration of his term, he re-enlisted, but a serious attack of deafness prevented his service in the ranks, and he was appointed a paymaster's clerk in the Cumberland district. The last year of the was he served as receiving and paying teller in the United States depository at Louisville, Kentucky. In September, 1865, he was admitted to the bar at New Castle, Lawrence county, soon built up a good practice, and from 1870 to 1876 he filled the office of district attorney of that county with credit and ability. He continued in the active duties of his profession until 1884, when his prominence at the bar was again recognized by his nomination on the Republican ticket for judge of the Seventeenth judicial district, then composed of Butler and Lawrence counties. Though his associate on the ticket, John M. GREER, was defeated, he was elected and became president judge, and from January, 1885, until the division of the district by the creation of a new district out of Lawrence county in 1893 [p. 707] he filled that position, with Butler as his place of residence. The act dividing the district named him as president judge of Lawrence county, which position he occupied until January, 1895. Judge HAZEN was married in 1865, to Amelia J. WATSON, a daughter of William WATSON, of New Castle. Three children were the fruits of this union, as follows: Mary W., who married Porter W. LOWRY, of Butler; Aaron Lyle, and Henry William, all of whom are dead. After the death of her children, the affectionate mother also laid down the burden of life, leaving the kind husband and father to mourn his irreparable loss.

HON. JOHN MORGAN GREER, president judge of the Seventeenth judicial district, was born in what is now Jefferson township, Butler county, Pennsylvania, August 3, 1844. He is a son of Thomas and Margaret Jane (MORGAN) GREER, and grandson of Matthew and Isabella (BOISE) GREER, natives of Tyrone county, Ireland. He was reared on the homestead, obtained a common school education, and subsequently attended Connoquenessing Academy, at Zelienople. He afterwards taught school in Winfield township, in the winter of 1861-62, and in Jefferson township in 1863-64. In July, 1862, he enlisted in Company D, One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, and served until mustered out at the expiration of his term, participating in the battles of South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. In March, 1864, he re-enlisted, in Battery E, Second Pennsylvania Artillery, but the regiment having more than its quota, a new regiment was organized by the war department, known as the Provisional Second Artillery, in which he served as sergeant of Battery B, in LEDLIE's Division, Ninth Army Corps, until the close of the war. He was in the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna River, Cold Harbor, Petersburg and Mine Explosion, where he was shot through the left thigh by a minie-ball, while in command of his company. He was taken to the hospital, remained there until March, 1865, and was present at the surrender of LEE. He was mustered out with his regiment in February, 1866. Returning home he taught school for one term in Butler, completed his law studies with Judge McCANDLESS, and was admitted to the bar September 23, 1867. He at once commenced practice alone, and, in 1868, was elected district attorney, filling that position three years. In 1873 he formed a partnership with Judge McCANDLESS, which existed five years. In 1876 he was elected, on the Republican ticket, senator of the Forty-first district, composed of Butler and Armstrong counties, was re-elected in 1880, and served in the Senate of Pennsylvania for eight years. Throughout his term of service he was a member of the judiciary committee. He is the author of a bill providing for an appeal to the Supreme Court where the lower court refused to open a judgment entered on a power of attorney on a note or bond; also of a bill which provides that no deed, regular and absolute on its face, shall be treated as a mortgage, unless the defeasance is in writing, made at the time of the deed and placed on record within sixty days; also of another bill providing that judgment by default, against one of several defendants, shall not bar a recovery against other defendants in the same suit.

In 1882, while still a member of the Senate, he was nominated on the first ballot for secretary of internal affairs, and though the whole ticket was defeated that year, he led it by a respectable majority. In 1884 he was one of the two [p. 708] judicial candidates nominated by the Republican party in the Seventeenth district, composed of Butler and Lawrence counties, but the people of Lawrence county gave their support to Judges HAZEN and McMICHAEL, both citizens of that county, and he was defeated by less than 200 votes. In 1887 he formed a partnership with Everett L. RALSTON, which existed until his elevation to the bench. The same year he was appointed by Governor BEAVER inspector and examiner of Soldiers' Orphan Schools, and after serving in that capacity four years he resigned. On the death of Judge McMICHAEL, in 1892, he was the choice of Butler county for the vacancy, was nominated on the Republican ticket and elected. In 1893 the legislature of Pennsylvania passed a law dividing the Seventeenth district into two separate districts, with Lawrence county as a new district, and Judge GREER became president judge of the Seventeenth, embracing Butler county alone. He has always been a Republican, and is one of the strongest and most popular members of his party in western Pennsylvania. During his official career he has won many warm friends by his kind and courteous bearing and evident desire to be just and fair. He has made a good judge, being firm and unyielding in the cause of justice, yet ever ready to listen to the plea of mercy. Judge GREER was married on March 24, 1864, to Julia S. BUTLER, a daughter of John B. and Harriet N. (STEBBINS) BUTLER. She is a native of Clarion county, Pennsylvania, and the mother of four children, as follows: Hattie, who died in 1876, aged nine years; Thomas H., who is connected with the Pennsylvania Railroad Company at Pittsburg; John B., an attorney of Butler, and Robert B. The Judge is a member of the A.G. Reed Post, Number 105, G.A.R., and the family are connected with the Methodist Episcopal church. He was one of the citizens of Butler county who were instrumental in establishing Slippery Rock State Normal School, and he has been one of the State trustees of that institution since the beginning.

COL. JOHN M. THOMPSON was born on the old homestead in Brady township, Butler county, January 4, 1830, and is the eldest son of William H. and Jane (McCANDLESS) THOMPSON. His primary education was obtained in the common schools, but he afterwards attended Witherspoon Institute, where he completed his studies. He taught in the public schools for a short period, commenced reading law in 1852 with Samuel A. PURVIANCE, and was admitted to the bar in 1854. He entered into a law partnership with Purviance & Sullivan, and upon Mr. PURVIANCE's election to Congress, he took charge of his entire practice. Since that time Colonel Thompson has built up a lucrative business in his profession, and is one of the oldest and most successful members of the Butler county bar. Politically, he is a stanch Republican, and was elected to the legislature in 1858, and in the session of 1859-60 he was speaker pro tem. In 1862 he was elected major of the One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and served in the battles of Antietam, South Mountain and Fredericksburg. He was wounded in the last mentioned battle, and then retired from the service and returned to Butler. He is a member of the Loyal Legion and the G.A.R. In 1868 he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention that nominated General Grant for the presidency, and was one of the electors of Pennsylvania in 1872, and carried the State returns to Washington. In January, [p. 709]1875, he was elected to Congress to serve out the unexpired term of Hon. E. McJUNKIN, who had resigned his seat as the member from this district, after being elected judge. In 1876 Colonel THOMPSON was elected for a full term of two years. He was one of the promoters of the Shenango and Allegheny railroad, filled many of the offices in that company, is the attorney of the road at the present time, and has been the local attorney for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company for twenty-two years. Colonel THOMPSON was married October 10, 1854, to Anna L., daughter of William CAMPBELL, to which union have been born three children: O.D., attorney at law, Pittsburg; William C., an attorney of Butler, and Anna Elora, wife of Charles MITCHELL, of St. Cloud, Minnesota.

THOMAS ROBINSON, one of the oldest members of the Butler bar, was born July 4, 1825, in Armagh county, Ireland. His parents, Thomas and Arabella (RILEY) ROBINSON, were natives of the same county. The family immigrated to Pennsylvania in 1832, and settled on a farm east of Pittsburg, removing three years later to what is now Penn township, Butler county. Here his father purchased a farm, upon which the parents spent the remaining years of their lives. The subject of this sketch was reared upon the homestead, and his early educational advantages were such as the pioneer schools of his neighborhood afforded. Being ambitious to obtain a better education, he entered the old Butler Academy in 1851, where he prosecuted his studies for a period, and later taught school for two years. In 1854 he was appointed clerk in the county commissioners office, and was one of the active spirits who agitated and brought about the re-organization of township lines the same year. About this time he commenced reading law under George W. Smith, was admitted to the bar September 25, 1855, and soon built up a fair practice, which has grown with the passing years. He has always looked after the interests of his clients with zeal and fidelity, and his pleadings in the several courts of the county and State have met with more than ordinary success.

Before his admission to the bar he had entered politics, and was a delegate from Butler county to the first Republican convention, which met in Masonic Hall, at Pittsburg, February 22, 1855. In 1860 he was elected to the legislature, and some years later, served as a clerk in the House. During the war he was one of the earnest supporters of the Union, and did all in his power to uphold the flag in those dark days of civil strife. In 1863-64 he was chairman of the Republican county committee; in 1876 was the choice of the county for State senator, and in 1880 was a BLAINE delegate to the Republican National Convention, at Chicago, which, however, nominated GARFIELD for the presidency. He is now superintendent of public printing at Harrisburg. Mr. ROBINSON has been in active political life forty years, and has been recognized as one of the local Republican leaders during that period. Throughout his life he has been an unswerving advocate of the principles of his party, and one of the most stubborn and successful fighters within its ranks. His connection with the newspapers of Butler is fully spoken of in the Press chapter. During his journalistic career his literary ability was apparent in the editorial columns of his paper, which bristled with the keenest and most vigorous invective against political opponents and their measures.

Mr. ROBINSON has always taken a deep interest in the public schools of Butler, and has served on the school board three years. He has also been connected with the prosperity of the Slippery Rock State Normal School, and is now serving his second term as a trustee of that institution. The temperance cause, too, has in him one of its stanchest supporters, and much of its success in Butler county is due to his wise foresight and legal advice. He married Ann E., daughter of Dr. Eli G. DeWOLF, to which union thirteen children were born, nine of whom are living, viz.: Eli D.; Sallie A.; Clara B.; Adelaide K.; Arabella; Lexie; Charles C.; George E., and Thomas. The family are connected with the Methodist Episcopal church.

HON. J. DAVID McJUNKIN, attorney at law, was born upon the old homestead in Centre township, Butler county, September 3, 1839, and is the eldest son of William and Priscilla McJUNKIN. His primary education was obtained in the common schools. He subsequently spent four years at the Butler Academy, the Witherspoon Institute and West Sunbury Academy, and taught school for several years. He read law with Judge McJUNKIN, and was admitted to the bar June 8, 1863. In 1864 he went to Franklin, Venango county, where he practiced his profession until 1873. During his residence in Franklin he was elected to the legislature, in 1869, and was re-elected in 1870 and 1871. Returning to Butler in 1873 he resumed the practice of the law. In 1879 he was connected with the Bald Ridge Oil Company, whose operations were the means of attracting the attention of oil men to the further development of the Butler field. Politically, he is a Republican, and in 1880 and 1882, he carried Butler county for the congressional nomination. In 1862 he served in Company G, Fourteenth Pennsylvania Militia, which was called out to assist in repelling Lee's invasion of the State. Mr. McJUNKIN married Margaret A. CAMPBELL, a daughter of the late James CAMPBELL, to whom have been born the following children: Clara Bell; William David; Mary Christie, wife of Lewis R. SCHMERTZ; Charles Campbell; John Welles, and Margaret Kathleen, who died in January, 1888. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, and has always contributed liberally towards that organization.

W.H.H. RIDDLE, attorney at law, was born in Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, December 11, 1840, and is a son of Samuel L. and Mary A. (SCHRODER) RIDDLE, natives of Pennsylvania. His father came to Butler county in 1854, and settled in Fairview township, where he was engaged in farming for twenty-five years. He then returned to Allegheny county, where he resided until his recent death. The subject of this sketch was educated in the public schools, and at West Sunbury and Harrisville Academies, read law with Col. John M. THOMPSON, and was admitted to the bar in 1864. In 1865 he was elected district attorney, and since the expiration of his term in that office, he has continued in the active duties of his profession. Mr. RIDDLE was married February 18, 1862, to Angeline, daughter of Robert WALKER, one of the early settlers in the northern part of Butler county. Three children are the fruits of this union: Edwin S., attorney at law and court stenographer; Matilda, and Lillian. Politically, Mr. RIDDLE is a stanch Republican, and was a delegate to the Republican National Convention at Chicago in 1884. He is one of the founders [p. 711] of the Butler County Agricultural Association, also of the Farmers' Institute, and for the past seven years has been a member of the State Agricultural Society. He has always taken a deep interest in the growth and progress of agriculture, and has devoted much time to the encouragement of agricultural pursuits.

CAPT. GEORGE W. FLEEGER, attorney at law, is the third son of Peter and Mary (RIDER) FLEEGER, and was born March 13, 1839, in Centre township, Butler county, Pennsylvania. He received a good education in the public schoiols, commenced teaching at the age of sixteen, and afterwards attended West Sunbury Academy. On the 10th of June, 1861, he enlisted in the Dickson Guards, an organization composed of the students of the Academy and young men of the same neighborhood. This company was finally mustered into the service as Company C, Eleventh Pennsylvania Reserve. Captain FLEEGER participated in the following engagements: Great Falls, Drainsville, Mechanicsville, Gaines Hill, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Williamsport, Bristoe Station, Rappahannock Station, New Hope Church, Mine Run, and the Wilderness. He was captured at Gaines Hill and sent to Belle Isle prison, at Richmond, but after a month's imprisonment he was exchanged. He was also captured at the battle of the Wilderness, and imprisoned ten months at the following places: Macon, Savannah, Charleston and Columbia, and was exchanged at Wilmington, North Carolina, in March, 1865. In June, 1862, he was commissioned first lieutenant, and afterwards breveted captain. Returning home after the war, he commenced reading law in the office of Col. John M. THOMPSON, and was admitted to the bar in 1866. He was associated in practice with George A. BLACK until 1869, and from 1887 to 1889 was in partnership with James N. MOORE. Since the latter year he has continued in practice alone. Politically, Captain FLEEGER has always been a Republican, served in the legislature in 1871-72, was chairman of the county committee in 1874, has been a member of the State committee, and was a delegate to the State conventions of 1882 and 1890. He was also deputy revenue collector of this district in 1869. In 1884 he was elected to the United States House of Representatives, and served in the Forty-ninth Congress. Captain FLEEGER is a charter member of the A.G. Reed Post, G.A.R., and a member of Connoquenessing Lodge, I.O.O.F. He was one of the original stockholders of the Butler County National Bank, and was a director of the Bald Ridge Oil Company during its existence.

WASHINGTON D. BRANDON, attorney at law, is a son of John W. and Ruth A. (BEIGHLEY) BRANDON, and was born November 1, 1847, upon the Brandon homestead, in Connoquenessing township, Butler county. After receiving a common school education, he attended Witherspoon Institute at Butler, and was graduated at Washington and Jefferson College in 1868. The following year he commenced reading law with Hon. E. McJUNKIN, and was admitted to the bar in 1871. He continued to practice with Judge McJUNKIN for three years, was next in partnership with Clarence WALKER, but since 1875 he has practiced alone and has built up a large and most gratifying legal business. Mr. BRANDON is recognized as one of the leading members of the Butler county bar, as well as one of its most successful lawyers. In politics, he has always been a Republican, and was a delegate to the State convention in 1887. He is a director and attor-[p. 712] ney of the Butler Savings Bank; is a director of the Butler Light, Heat and Motor Company; is president of the Butler Water Company, and attorney for the United Pipe Line and National Transit Companies. He was one of the promoters of the Bald Ridge Oil Company, and is yet interested in the development of the Butler oil fields. He is one of the most useful members of the Presbyterian church of Butler, is a ruling elder in that body, and is superintendent of the Sabbath school. In all matters pertaining to the prosperity of the church he gives his time willingly, and few members of the congregation have taken a deeper interest in its material progress. Mr. BRANDON was married in 1875, to Clara B., daughter of James CAMPBELL, for many years one of the well known citizens of Butler. Five children have blessed this union, as follows: Margaret; Elora; John W.; James C., and Howard Allan.

WILLIAM McQUISTION, second son of John and Barbara McQUISTION, was born in the old stone house on the homestead in Butler township, Butler county, in the year 1801. He learned the tanner's trade with his father, and subsequently established himself in that business in the borough, and carried on the same until within a few years of his death, which occurred March 28, 1872, at the age of seventy-one years. He married Mary A. SMITH, a daughter of Major SMITH, a native of Belfast, Ireland, who settled near Wheeling, West Virginia. Six children were born to this union, as follows; Marshall, a resident of West Virginia; Wallace; Creasap, of Pittsburg; Sarah E., widow of Dr. SLOAN; Livingston, and Nannie J., wife of L. BEAUMONT, of New York. Mrs. McQUISTION died December 4, 1893, aged eighty-seven years.

LIVINGSTON McQUISTION, fourth son of William and Mary QUISTION, [sic] was born in the borough of Butler, May 16, 1849, and was educated at the public schools and at Witherspoon Institute. He read law in the office of L.Z. MITCHELL, was admitted to the bar June 10, 1870, and for the past twenty-five years he has been engaged in the active practice of his profession. He is recognized as one of the leading members of the Butler bar, and has built up a large and lucrative legal business. In 1874 he was elected district attorney, and filled the office in an able and satisfactory manner. Mr. McQUISTION is one of the prominent Democrats of western Pennsylvania, and wields a wide influence in the councils of his party. He has been twice the choice of his party in Butler county for Congress, and once for president judge. In 1880 he was a delegate to the National Democratic Convention, which nominated General Hancock for the presidency. In January, 1874, Mr. McQUISTION married Miss Sue BEAM, a daughter of George BEAM, of Harmony, one of the old substantial families of Butler county, and has one son, Crissie L. He is a member of the United Presbyterian church of Butler, to which denomination his father and grandfather belonged. He is connected with Butler Lodge, F.&A.M., is a member of the Chapter and Commandery, and is also a member of the K.of P., and the B.P.O.E. Mr. McQUISTION has always taken a leading interest in local affairs, and given his earnest support towards building up and developing his native town.

JOSEPH C. VANDERLIN, attorney at law, is the seventh son of Stephen and Eliza (SEATON) VANDERLIN, grandson of John VANDERLIN and great-grandson of Nicholas VANDERLIN, who were among the first settlers of Venango township, [p. 713] Butler county, Pennsylvania. He was born April 16, 1837, upon the old Vanderlin homestead in Venango township, and was educated in the common schools, at Clintonville Academy and Duff's Commercial College, Pittsburg. He taught in the latter institution for some time, then returned to the homestead farm, taught school for a while, and in 1870 commenced reading law with L.Z. MITCHELL, of Butler. He was admitted to the bar in 1874, and, in partnership with Livingston McQUISTION, has continued in active practice up to the present. In 1868 Mr. VANDERLIN married Margaret J., daughter of John KELLY, of Venango township, Butler county, and has the following children: Horatio S., Samuel L., Gertie, Dessie, John, William, deceased, and Victor Paul. Politically, he is an ardent Democrat, is one of the well-known members of the Butler county bar, and in 1894 was the Democratic nominee for Congress in the Twenty-fifth congressional district.

NEWTON BLACK, son of James and Nancy A. (RUSSELL) BLACK, was born November 2, 1844, near Black's mill, Marion township, Butler county, Pennsylvania. He received a common school education, and afterwards spent one term at Harrisville Academy. He subsequently taught in the schools of Marion township, Butler county, and Clinton township, Venango county, from 1862 until 1864. In March, 1864, he enlisted in Company I, One Hundred and Twelfth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and continued in the service up to May, 1865. He participated in the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna River, Cold Harbor and Petersburg, and was wounded in the left index finger in the last named battle, June 17, 1864. He returned to his regiment August 2 following, and served in the battles of Weldon Railroad and Ream's Station; was subsequently transferred from the Ninth to the Eighteenth Army Corps, and was in the engagement at Fort Harrison, September 29, 1864, where he was severely wounded in the head, and was confined in the hospital until the close of the war. Returning to Franklin, Pennsylvania, he spent eighteen months in the oil fields of Warren county, and then engaged in clerking. In 1867 he went to Illinois, taught school one year, and was afterwards employed as a traveling salesman for a wholesale notion house of Quincy, Illinois. In 1871 he returned to Pennsylvania and followed oil producing until 1874, when he commenced reading law with the late Judge Charles McCANDLESS and John M. GREER. He was admitted to the bar in 1876, and has since won his way to a leading rank in his profession and built up a large and lucrative practice. Mr. BLACK is prominent in the councils of the Republican party, has been chairman and secretary of the county committee, and twice his party's choice in this county for Congress. He is a member of the A.G. Reed Post, Number 105, G.A.R.; also of Butler Lodge, Number 272, F.&A.M.; Butler Chapter, Number 273, and Allegheny Commandery, Number 35, of Allegheny. Mr. Black is one of the most popular members of the bar, and has hosts of friends in every section of his native county.

S.F. BOWSER, attorney at law, was born February 11, 1842, near Kittaning, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, son of Matthias and Margaret (WILLIAMS) BOWSER. His father was a native of Armstrong county, of English and German descent. Our subject was reared upon a farm, and his early education was [p. 714] obtained in an old log country school house in his native place. His preparatory education was received at Columbia University, Kittanning, from which he graduated in 1869. He subesequently attended Washington and Jefferson college, and was graduated from that institution with high honors in 1872. To get a college course he was compelled to earn the means for that purpose, and taught for a number of years in the graded schools of Armstrong and Clarion counties. While a student at Washington and Jefferson College he filled the Latin chair for a short period and prepared a number of the Seniors in Greek for graduation. After he graduated he was principal one year of the graded schools of East Brady. In 1872 he commenced to read law with THOMPSON & SCOTT, of Butler, and was admitted to the Butler county bar in 1874. Mr. BOWSER at once commenced practice, in which he has since been actively engaged, and now ranks as one of the leading members of his profession in Butler county. In politics, he is a Republican, and while he has been active in the interests of his party, he has never filled any public office except that of director of the public schools of Butler. He has always been deeply interested in the prosperity of the schools and devotes a great deal of time to educational matters. Besides his legal duties, he is engaged in the production of oil with his brother, A.L. BOWSER. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, and is connected with the I.O.O.F., the Encampment and the K.O.T.M. Mr. BOWSER was married June 27, 1876, to Mary C., daughter of Col. Samuel YOUNG, a resident of Clarion county, but later the well known editor of the Connoquenessing Valley News, of Zelienople. Two children have blessed this union: Mary E., and George F.

W.A. FORQUER, attorney at law, was born in Washington township, Butler county, Pennsylvania, March 9, 1845, son of William and Margaret (MURRIN) FORQUER. His parental grandfather, John FORQUER, was a native of Donegal county, Ireland, and one of the early settlers of Donegal township, and his maternal grandfather, Squire John MURRIN, was the founder of Murrinsville, and for many years one of the representative men of Butler county. The subject of this sketch spent his early life upon his father's farm, attended the common schools of that locality, subsequently entered West Sunbury Academy, and later Emlenton Academy, at Emlenton, Venango county. In 1872 he commenced reading law in the office of Col. John M. THOMPSON, was admitted to the bar in 1874, gradually acquired a prominent position as an attorney, and to-day enjoys a lucrative practice. A Democrat in politics, he soon won a leading place in the councils of his party, and in 1875 he was elected chairman of the Democratic county committee. In 1877 he was nominated and elected district attorney, which position he filled for three years. In 1888 he was a delegate from this district to the National Democratic Convention at St. Louis, Missouri, which nominated Cleveland and Thurman. Mr. FORQUER is president of the Democratic Club of Butler, served in the borough council from 1889 to 1892, and has always taken a very active interest in upholding the principles and measures of his party. He is chancellor commander of Butler Lodge, Number 211, K.of P. In 1881 he married Martha M. Livingstone, a daughter of Robert R. Livingstone, of Mahoning county, Ohio. Both he and wife are adherents of the Catholic church.

F. J. FORQUER, attorney at law, was born February 27, 1857, son of William and Margaret FORQUER. He received a common school education and subsequently attended Sunbury Academy, and Duff's Commercial College of Pittsburg. He read law with his brother, was admitted to practice in 1879, and has since been engaged in the active duties of his profession. Politically, he is a Democrat, and has served as chairman of the Democratic county committee. Mr. FORQUER is a member of the Catholic church.

ALEXANDER MITCHELL, attorney at law, is the eldest son of James and Sarah (MARKS) MITCHELL, and was born November 22, 1842, upon the homestead farm in Summit township, Butler county. He received a common school education, and afterwards attended the Witherspoon Institute. In 1864 he enlisted in Company A, Sixth Pennsylvania Artillery, and served until the close of the war. Before entering the service he was employed in the United States revenue department. After his discharge he entered the office of Charles McCANDLESS, under whom he read law, and was admitted to the bar in 1869. He than accepted the position of cashier of the First National Bank of Butler, which he filled until July, 1879, when he formed his present law partnership with Andrew G. WILLIAMS, and resumed the practice of his profession. The firm of Williams & Mitchell is well known throughout this section of the State. Mr. MITCHELL is an ardent Republican, and takes a deep interest in the success of his party. He is a member of A.G. Reed Post, Number 105, G.A.R., also of the I.O.O.F. and A.O.U.W. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, and a liberal supporter of that organization. In 1868 he was married to Annie E., a daughter of George A. RODGERS, of Plain Grove, Lawrence county, Pennsylvania, by which union they are the parents of six children: Frank E., Charles M., Clara O., Mary B., Myra L., and George A.

ANDREW G. WILLIAMS, attorney at law, was born in Richmond, Virginia, September 8, 1840, son of John G. and Caroline (SNYDER) WILLIAMS, the former a native of Wales and the latter of Maryland. His parents removed to Etna, Allegheny county, in 1848, having resided in Pittsburg for one year previous. Our subject had meager advantages for an education, as he entered the rolling mill at Etna when ten years old and learned the trade of nail maker. In 1861 he became interested in the war movement, and by his personal effort raised three companies in Etna for the service. He was elected captain of the last company, but refused to accept that position, preferring to enter the ranks as a private soldier. His command was mustered into the service as Company E., Sixty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers, and at Second Bull Run he was commissioned second lieutenant. In the spring of 1863 he was placed in command of Company F, and subsequently at the head of his old company, where he remained until the close of his term of service. He was twice wounded, first at Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862, in the head and hand, and at the Wilderness, August 6, 1864, in the left temple, by a minie-ball. Mr. WILLIAMS participated in the following engagements: Yorktown, Williamsburg, Seven Days' Fight before Richmond, Harrison's Landing, Second Bull Run, Groveton, Chantilly, Fredericksburg, Mud March, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Bristoe Station, Culpepper Court House, Kelly's Ford, Mine Run and the Wilderness. After his return home, on [p. 716] account of his severe wounds, he was unable to work at his trade. He entered Duff's Commercial College at Pittsburg, and also read law at home. In 1867 he resumed work at his trade, and continued the same until 1873, keeping up his law studies during this period. In 1875 he came to Butler, read law with John M. GREER, and was admitted to the bar the same year. He at once formed a partnership with Alexander MITCHELL, and the firm of Williams & Mitchell has since taken rank as one of the leading legal firms at the bar. Politically, he is a stanch Republican, and has taken an active and prominent part in public affairs. He filled the office of notary public from January, 1876, to 1891, was elected to the legislature in November, 1890, and served in that body two years. He has represented his party in both county and State conventions, and has been active in its interests during political campaigns. Mr. Williams has been twice married. His first wife was Miss Lucy A. LEE, who died in August, 1870, leaving three children: Carrie L., wife of A.S. GRAHAM; Jessie A., wife of Lester C. PATTERSON, and Anna S., wife of Proctor V. SMITH. His second wife was Miss Emma S. RAMAGE, whom he married in November, 1876. Their children are: John G., Benjamin R., Andrew G., Jr., and Mary E. Mr. WILLIAMS has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal church for over forty-five years, and steward and trustee of this church in Butler for about twenty years. He is a member of the Masonic order, and P.M. of Zeredatha Lodge; is also connected with Allegheny Chapter, and is P.E.C. of Allegheny Commandery, Number 35, K.T., and a member of Syria Temple, A.A.O.N.M.S. He is a member of Butler Encampment, Number 45, U.V.L., and of A.G. Reed Post, Number 105, G.A.R., of Butler.

H.H. GOUCHER, attorney at law, was born at Richmond, Trumbull county, Ohio, May 9, 1847. He is a son of H. B. and Eliza J. GOUCHER. His mother was a daughter of John RAMSEY of Lawrence county, Pennsylvania, of Scotch-Irish extraction, and his father of English descent. He was reared on a farm in Scrubgrass township, Venango county, Pennsylvania, where his parents settled when he was quite young. He assisted his father on the farm, and in manufacturing and shipping lumber to Pittsburg, by the old mode of rafting, until he reached the age of about eighteen years. Up to this time he attended common school during the winter terms, took an active part in literary and debating societies, and devoted himself to reading such literary and historical works as his limited means and opportunities afforded. At this age he became ambitious to attain a higher degree of education, with a view of fitting himself for the profession of the law. His parents being in moderate circumstances, he was compelled to resort to some business as a means to accomplish his cherished purpose in life. He turned his attention to the carpenter trade as the most available means of securing money to carry out his purpose. He worked at this trade for six years, during which time he attended school in the winter seasons, and otherwise improved himself by the reading and study of such books as he could command. He started to complete his education by taking a collegiate course in New Wilmington College, but owing to limited means and the lateness in life he abandoned his plans, and commenced the study of law with J.H. DONLY, Esq., of Franklin, Pennsylvania, in 1871, and pursuing his studies for [p. 717] for the required time, was admitted to the Venango county bar in January, 1873, under the late Judge TRUNKEY, and in the month of April of the same year he located in Butler, where he has since practiced his profession, with the exception of an absence of five years, from 1883 to 1888, owing to ill health. During his absence he was located at Warren, Pennsylvania, and in the City of Seattle, State of Washington, and a portion of the time was engaged in the lumber business in connection with the practice of his profession. Since his admission to the Venango county bar he has been admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, United States district court, in many of the courts of the surrounding counties, and the courts of the State of Washington, in all of which he has practiced. He was appointed United States register in bankruptcy in 1878, which office he filled up to 1883. He has been in the active practice of his profession for upwards of twenty-one years. After his return to Butler in 1888, he purchased a tract of land in the east end of the borough, which he laid out in lots and which is now built up with fine residences, and known as "Goucherville." He is prominently identified with the Citizens' Gas Company, which successfully compelled a reduction of gas rates in the borough, and one of the prime movers in the effort to free the borough from the grasp of foreign corporations, and lends his energy to every enterprise for the improvement of the town. He filled the office of school director of the borough for over four years, three years of which time he served as secretary of the board. Mr. GOUCHER was married to Bertha A. KEHN, of Hamburg, New York, August 1, 1876, and by this union has three children living: Edwin L.; Laura Dee, and Mabel E., and one, Edith May, deceased. Politically, he is a Republican, and has taken an active interest in political affairs. He is recognized as a sound lawyer and a safe advocate, and stands well in the community, both as a citizen and as an attorney.

W.H. LUSK, attorney at law, is a son of Dr. Amos and Agnes S. LUSK, and was born in Harmony, Pennsylvania. His father was for many years one of the leading physicians of Butler county. Our subject was educated in the public schools and at a local academy, read law with W.D. BRANDON, of Butler, and was admitted to the bar in the fall of 1877. He at once commenced practice, and has since grown into a lucrative business. He is a Republican, but takes no active interest in political matters. Mr. LUSK was married in 1882, to Matilda, a daughter of Adam ENDRES, of Jackson township, Butler county, and has three children: Arthur H., Amy M., and James L. The family are connected with the Presbyterian church.

ALEXANDER M. CORNELIUS was born in Worth township, Butler county, December 6, 1844, and spent his boyhood days upon his father's farm. He received his primary education in the public schools, subsequently attended West Sunbury Academy, and completed his studies at Witherspoon Institute. He afterward engaged in business in a music house in Pittsburg, then became clerk in the prothonotary's office at Butler, read law with W.D. BRANDON, and was admitted to the bar in 1880. Since his admission to the bar he has continued in the active duties of his profession, and enjoys a good practice. Mr. CORNELIUS was married in June, 1869, to Mary M. KELLY, a daughter of Amaziah KELLY, of [p. 718] Worth township. Six children have blessed this union, as follows: Clara E.; Raymond S.; Margaret J.; Florence; Lawrence K., and Jesse. Mr. CORNELIUS is a member of the United Presbyterian church of Butler, and a trustee in that body. In politics, he has always been a Democrat, but has never taken any active interest in political affairs, preferring to devote his attention to the practice of his profession.

OLIVER D. THOMPSON, attorney at law, was born in the borough of Butler, September 24, 1855, son of Col. John M. and Anna L. THOMPSON. After receiving a common school education, he attended Witherspoon Institute, and graduated at Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts, in 1875, and at Yale College in 1879. He read law with his father in Butler, and was admitted to the bar in June, 1880. The following November he was admitted to the Pittsburg bar, where he is now engaged in practice. Mr. THOMPSON married Kate W. DRESSER, a daughter of John W. DRESSER, of Castine, Maine, January 26, 1881, and has one child, Donald. In politics he is a Republican. He was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania in 1883, and to the United States Court in 1893.

JAMES M. GALBREATH, attorney at law, is the second son of Robert GALBREATH, and was born upon the homestead in Winfield township, Butler county, September 27, 1852. He is a grandson of William Galbreath, and great-grandson of Robert GALBREATH, the pioneer. He received a common school education, and subsequently attended Slate Lick Academy, Armstrong county, and Witherspoon Institute, of Butler. He then entered Princeton College, where he was graduated in 1880, and commenced reading law with W.D. BRANDON, of Butler. In 1882 he was admitted to the bar, began practice in Butler, and in l884 formed a partnership with J.B. McJUNKIN, which is still in existence. In politics he is a Republican, and has served as school director for six years. In 1882 he married Sallie E., daughter of John MITCHELL, of Butler, and has the following children: Edith, Irene and John. Mr. GALBREATH is a member of the United Presbyterian church of Butler, and one of the trustees of that society.

JAMES N. MOORE, attorney at law, was born on the old Moore homestead in Worth township, Butler county, August 23, 1859, son of Thomas and Mary MOORE. After receiving a common school education he entered Grove City College, where he graduated in 1880. He taught school for four terms, read law under the late Charles McCANDLESS, and was admitted to the bar in September, 1882. Since that time he has been engaged in the practice of his profession, his office being now in the Huselton block. Mr. MOORE has always been a stanch supporter of the Republican party; has represented the party as a delegate in State and county conventions, and has been secretary of the county committe a number of times. In 1894 he was one of the Republican nominees for the legislature, and was elected by an overwhelming majority. He is a member of the Connoquenessing Lodge, I.O.O.F., and Butler Lodge, K.of P.

GABRIEL KOHLER is a native of Binsdorf, Ober-Ampt Sultz, Wurtemberg, Germany, where he was born in 1823. He received a common school education, and subsequently learned the brewer's trade. In 1854 he emigrated to the United States, and settled in Butler, Pennsylvania, where he engaged in farming. In [p. 719] 1858 he began operating a brewery in the borough, which he conducted in connection with his farm until 1880, and then retired from active business life. Politically, he is a Democrat, and is a member of the St. Peter's Catholic church. He married in his native place Regenia SCHNECKENBERGER, and they are the parents of nine children, eight of whom are living, as follows: Lena, wife of Joseph ROCKENSTEIN; Clement; Frank X., attorney at law; Josephine, wife of John KOPPLER; John; Louis; Mary, and Frances.

FRANK X. KOHLER, attorney at law, was born in the borough of Butler, Pennsylvania, and is the second son of Gabriel and Reginia KOHLER. He received his primary education at St. Peter's parochial school, and subsequently attended Witherspoon Institute. While a student at the latter institution, he commenced reading law with Hon. Charles McCANDLESS, and was admitted to the bar in 1882. He immediately began the practice of his profession, to which he has since given his entire attention. In politics, he is a Democrat, and in religious faith, a member of the St. Peter's Catholic church.

EVERETT L. RALSTON, attorney at law, the eldest son of John and Hannah (McCOY) RALSTON, was born at Centerville, Butler county, Pennsylvania, June 7, 1858, and received his primary education in the common schools of his native township. He subsequently attended Mt. Union College, and was graduated at Grove City College in 1881. He read law with the late Judge McCANDLESS, and was admitted to practice in 1883. He began the practice of the law in the fall of 1884, since which time he has been engaged in the active duties of his profession. In October, 1887, he formed a partnership with John M. GREER, under the firm name of Greer & Ralston, which continued until Judge GREER took his seat on the bench, January 1, 1893. Soon after the election of Judge GREER to the bench his son became a member of the firm under the firm name of Ralston & Greer. Politically, Mr. RALSTON is a Democrat, and one of the active members of that party. He is an adherent of the United Presbyterian church, and is connected with Butler Lodge, K.of P. He married, in 1888, Carrie Helen, daughter of W.P. SMITH, of Centre township, Butler county, and has three children: Charles E.; John P., and Robert C.

JAMES B. MATES, youngest son of Amos and Mary A. MATES, was born in Muddy Creek township, Butler county, September 2, 1859, and reared in Penn township, whither his parents removed soon after the birth of our subject. He was educated in the public schools and at Witherspoon Institute, and taught school from 1880 to 1885, during which time he read law with Charles McCANDLESS, and was admitted to the bar in 1883. In 1886 he opened a law office in Butler, where he has since been engaged in the active duties of his profession. He is one of the leading Republicans of the county, has served several years on the county committee, was chairman in 1887, and in 1890 was appointed cencus supervisor of the Tenth district, the duties of which office he discharged in a satisfactory manner. In November, 1892, he was elected to the legislature, and was known in that body as a useful and hard-working member. Mr. MATES was married August 31, 1887, to Nordena, daughter of A.C. WILSON of Butler. Three children have blessed this union: Ada C.; Helen, and James. The fam-[p. 720] ily are connected with the Methodist Episcopal church of Butler, and Mr. MATES is a member of Connoquenessing Lodge, I.O.O.F.

ALFRED M. CHRISTLEY, attorney at law, was born in Cherry township, Butler county, January 13, 1860. He is a son of Thomas F. and Ann C. (HILL) CHRISTLEY, and a grandson of John and Elizabeth (SMITH) CHRISTLEY, a sketch of whom appears among the biographical data of Slippery Rock and Cherry townships. His primary education was obtained in the common schools, and he afterwards attended West Sunbury Academy and Grove City College. He read law in the office of Col. John M. THOMPSON, of Butler, and was admitted to the bar in 1888. He has since been engaged in the active duties of his profession, and has built up a fair practice. Mr. CHRISTLEY is one of the active Republicans of the county, has been chairman and secretary of the county committee, and has always given his earnest support to the candidates and measures of his party. He is a member of Connoquenessing Lodge, I.O.O.F. and Butler Lodge, K.of P.

ALBERT T. SCOTT was born in Kiskiminetas township, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, October 21, 1856, son of Samuel and Mary S. SCOTT. His father, a native of Donmacmay, County Tyrone, Ireland, was born November 11, 1821, came to Pennsylvania with his parents in 1824, and settled in Kiskiminetas township, Armstrong county, where he grew to manhood. He learned the stonecutter's trade, and worked at that business the greater part of his life. He married Mary S. ERWIN, a daughter of James S. ERWIN, of Steubenville, Ohio, May 5, 1853, and became the father of six children, as follows: Sherman W.; Albert T.; Henry G.C., deceased; Mary J.; Samuel E., and James F., the two last mentioned being dead. Mr. SCOTT died on August 24, 1891, and his wife January 23, 1893. They were members of the Presbyterian church, and in politics, he was an adherent of the Republican party. The subject of this sketch was reared in his native township, and received his primary education in the public schools. He afterwards attended Elder's Ridge Academy, Indiana county, and the Ohio Normal University, at Ada, Hardin county, Ohio, leaving the latter institution in 1884. He then taught school, and in April, 1886, commenced to read law in the office of McJunkin & Galbreath, of Butler. He was admitted to the bar in the spring 1888, and has since been engaged in the practice of his profession. Mr. SCOTT was married on June 5, 1892, to Jean Covode, a daughter of Henry Taylor, of Indiana county. They are members of the Presbyterian church, and in politics, he is a Republican. In June, 1887, Mr. SCOTT enlisted in Company E., Fifteenth Regiment, N.G.P., and is now orderly sergeant of his company. He is a member of the K.O.T.M., and takes an active interest in public affairs.

THOMPSON M. BAKER was born in Beaver township, Beaver county, April 24, 1862, son of George K. and Martha BAKER. He received his primary education in the public schools, afterward attended West Sunbury Academy, and Grove City College, and finished his classical course at the former institution, where he received the first diploma granted by that school. In 1885 he commenced reading law with John M. RUSSELL, was admitted to practice in September, 1888, and became a member of the firm of Coulter & Baker. He has [p.&721] since continued in the active duties of his profession. On February 24, 1887, he married Nannie E. PAINTER, a daughter of Simon P. PAINTER, of Clay township, and has two children, Clarence D., and Stella G.

JAMES W. HUTCHISON, attorney at law, was born June 17, 1864, in Parker township, Butler county, Pennsylvania, son of James G. and Susan (DAUBENSPECK) HUTCHISON. His grandfather, William HUTCHISON, was one of the early settlers of Parker township, where he cleared a farm upon which he resided until his death. He was the father of three children: Rebecca J.; William, and James G. The last was born upon the old homestead and grew to manhood under the parental roof. In 1862 he enlisted in Company G, One hundred Thirty-fourth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and died in 1864, from injuries received in the service. His family consisted of two children: Emma, deceased, and James W. The latter received a common school education, and, in 1879, entered North Washington Academy. In 1881 he entered Westminster College, New Wilmington, Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1887. He also took a commercial course at Duff's Commercial College, Pittsburg. In September, 1887, he entered the office of S.F. BOWSER, with whom he read law, and was admitted to the bar, December 2, 1889. Since that date he has been engaged in the practice of his profession. Politically, he is a Republican; is a member of Connoquenessing Lodge, Number 278, I.O.O.F.; of Butler Lodge, Number 211, K.of P., and is an adherent of the United Presbyterian church. In 1889 he married Ida M. CAMPBELL, daughter of John H. CAMPBELL of Butler, and has two children.

A.B.C. McFARLAND, attorney at law, was born June 20, 1852, in Bellaire, Ohio, son of Andrew and Margaret (MARSHALL) McFARLAND. His primary education was obtained in the public schools, and he subsequently attended Westminster College, at New Wilmington, Lawrence county, Pennsylvania, and Monmouth College, Illinois, graduating from the latter in 1875. He then entered Allegheny Theological Seminary, Allegheny City, and graduated from that institution in 1878. He was licensed to preach the gospel in April of that year, and ordained the following September, by the Butler Presbytery of the United Presbyterian church. He was at once called as pastor of the Fairview church, where he remained eleven years, and then entered the law office of the late Judge McCANDLESS. He was admitted to the bar May 25, 1891, and has since been engaged in the practice of his profession in Butler. In politics, he is a Republican, and takes an active interest in the success of the principles and measures of his party.

ELMER E. YOUNG was born in Summit township, Butler county, April 9, 1864, son of Simon P. and Eliza YOUNG. He was educated in the common schools and at Witherspoon Institute, graduated from the latter institution in 1885, and then entered Washington and Jefferson College, where he spent two years. In 1887 he began the study of law in the office of the late Judge McCANDLESS, was admitted to the bar in June, 1890, and has since been engaged in active practice. He is a Republican in politics, and a member of the Presbyterian church. Mr. YOUNG was married June 28, 1894, to Miss Bella A. MOORE, daughter of Mrs. Mary M. MOORE, of Butler, Pennsylvania.

JOHN D. MARSHALL, eldest son of James M. and Ruth A. (RIDDLE) MARSHALL, was born June 20, 1860, at Prospect, Butler county. He received a good education, and taught in the public schools of the county for several years. He later read law with W.D. BRANDON, of Butler, and was admitted to the bar in 1882, since which time he has been engaged in the practice of his profession. Mr. MARSHALL was married on December 25, 1880, to Margaret LEISE, and has two daughters, Anna M. and Margaret. Politically, he is a Democrat, and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church of Butler.

WILLIAM C. FINDLEY, attorney at law, was born in Clay township, Butler county, March 23, 1854, and is the eldest child of Samuel and Sarah FINDLEY. He was educated in the common schools and at West Sunbury Academy and Grove City College, taught school for eight terms, and read law with George A. and A.T. BLACK of Butler. He was admitted to the bar June 3, 1878, and is now engaged in the practice of his profession at Butler. He has taken an active interest in politics, was chairman of the Republican county committee in 1888, and a delegate to the State Convention in 1889. The FINDLEY family are Presbyterians, and have always been liberal supporters of religious, benevolent and educational institutions.

DR. TENSARD ROBINSON DEWOLF was born in Butler, Pennsylvania, October 16, 1824, eldest son of Dr. Henry C. DeWOLF, a native of Hartford, Connecticut, and a pioneer physician of Butler. He obtained his primary education in the public schools, and at the Butler Academy, the latter institution being partly supported by the State. In 1841 he became a student at Canonsburg College, and graduated from that institution in the fall of 1844. He then entered his father's office as a student of medicine, subsequently attended lectures at the Western Reserve Medical College, Cleveland, Ohio, during the winters of 1848-49 and 1850, graduating towards the close of the latter year's course. He then entered into partnership with his father in the practice of medicine, which continued until his father's death, July 24, 1854. He still prosecuted thte duties of his profession until a short time before his death, which occurred August 24, 1859, from abscess of the lungs, leaving a widow and one son, Henry. Dr. DeWOLF was married in June, 1852, to Mary A. McELVAINE, a daughter of Robert McELVAINE, one of the early settlers of Butler county. Her father was a man of some literary attainments, and belonged to a family well known in this part of the State. Mrs. DeWOLF survived her husband many years. She and husband were members of the Presbyterian church, and lived and died in that faith.

HENRY DEWOLF, only son of Dr. Tensard Robinson DeWOLF, was born in the borough of Butler, June 17, 1853, and was educated in the public schools and at Witherspoon Institute. He learned the printer's trade in the office of the Butler Eagle, spending three years in that business. In November, 1872, he took a position on the Pennsylvania railroad as fireman, and in 1876 as brakeman, was promoted to the position of baggage master, and in 1886 to that of conductor, which he has filled up to the present. In February, 1875, he married Sarah E. CUTHBERT, of Butler, who bore him two children, Tensard and Eleanor. Mrs. DeWOLF died in January, 1890, and in January, 1891, he was married to Anna B. CUPPS, of Butler, to which union has been born one child, Henry [p. 723] Edwin. Mr. DeWOLF is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in politics, he is a stanch Republican.

ABRAHAM M. NEYMAN, second son of John and Mary NEYMAN, was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, in 1791, and came with his parents to Butler county during the War of 1812. He remained with his father on the farm in Centre township for a time, but subsequently engaged in keeping tavern on the site of the Arlington Hotel, in Butler. He married Eleanor, daughter of Thomas McCLEARY, of Centre township, in October, 1823, and had two children: Thomas, and A.M. He and his son Thomas were killed, April 12, 1827, while visiting his parents in Centre township, by a falling tree that was blown down during a storm. Like his father he was an ardent Whig, and in religion, an adherent of the Presbyterian church.

DR. A.M. NEYMAN, only living child of Abraham M. and Eleanor NEYMAN, was born in the borough of Butler, February 6, 1826, and was a little more than one year old when his father was killed. He grew to manhood in Butler, and was educated at the old Butler Academy. At the age of sixteen he commenced teaching and taught in Cranberry, Centre and Butler townships, and later taught the English branches, under Dr. WHITE, in the Butler Academy. In 1845 he went to Zanesville, Ohio, and commenced reading medicine with Dr. Washington MOREHEAD, also clerked in his drug store for two years. In 1850 he entered the office of Dr. N.J. Randolph, of Butler, and attended lectures at the Western Reserve Medical College, Cleveland, Ohio, in the winter of 1850-51. In the latter year he commenced practice in partnership with Dr. Randolph, and for the past forty-four years he has continued in the active duties of his profession. In the spring of 1853 he graduated from the Western Reserve Medical College, and then resumed practice alone. Being without means, James CAMPBELL assisted him to buy a horse and sufficient drugs to use in his practice, while Samuel G. PURVIS erected his office, and to these two men he feels indebted for his start in life. There is perhaps no member of the medical profession in Butler county with a wider reputation than Dr. NEYMAN, as his many years of practice have made him known in nearly every household. He has built up through the passing years a large and lucrative business, and is still one of the busiest men in the profession. In politics, he has been a Republican since the war, prior to which he was a Democrat. He has been a member of the United Presbyterian church since its organization, and a trustee for many years. Dr. NEYMAN married Emmeline, a daughter of Gen. John N. and Eliza J. (POTTS) PURVIANCE. She died December 31, 1887, leaving a family of five children, as follows: Eleanor, wife of Charles S. HAINES, of Boston, Massachusetts; Eliza J.; George P.; Abraham M., and Alonzo H. The Doctor has been living on the site of his present home over sixty-six years, the lot and original residence having been purchased by his mother in January 1829.

SAMUEL GRAHAM, physician and surgeon, was born January 31, 1836, in Butler, Pennsylvania, son of John B. and Sarah (GILKEY) GRAHAM, and grandson of Robert GRAHAM, one of the first settlers of the borough. He received his early education in the public schools of his native town, and subsequently attended Witherspoon Institute. He commenced the study of medicine with Dr. L.R. McCURDY,[p. 724] and at the age of twenty-three he entered the National Medical College at Washington, D.C., where he remained two years. In 1861 he answered the call of his country and enlisted in Company H, Thirteenth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and served three months. He then entered Jefferson Medical College from which he graduated in March, 1862. He again entered the service of the United States as assistant surgeon of the One Hundred and Seventy-fourth Pennsylvania Volunteers, with which he remained until 1863. In 1864 he joined the United States Medical Staff of Emory Hospital, Washington, D.C., and was subsequently appointed surgeon of the Eighty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, with which regiment he remained until the close of the war. Returning to Butler, he resumed his duties of his profession, and since that time has enjoyed a lucrative practice. Dr. GRAHAM is a member of the county and state medical societies, and has been a member of the United States pension board of this district for ten years, and is now its president. He has been connected with the school board of Butler for fifteen years and ranks as the senior member of that body. In politics, he was a Republican up to 1881, but since that time he has affiliated with the Democratic party and is one of its never failing workers. He is a member of the A.G. Reed Post, Number 102, G.A.R., and also of the I.O.O.F., K.of P., and the A.O.U.W. Dr. GRAHAM was married in 1867, to Eleanor, daughter of Robert and Eleanor CUNNINGHAM, and has two daughters, Mary and Eleanor. He and family are members of the Presbyterian church. Among his professional brethern, Dr. GRAHAM takes a high rank, and, as a citizen, he commands the respect of the community in which his life has been spent.

DR. N.M. HOOVER was born in North Buffalo township, Armstrong county, March 4, 1836, son of David L. and Mary HOOVER. He was educated in the common schools and at Freeport Academy, and taught in the public schools of the county for some years. He began reading medicine under Dr. Thomas MAGILL, of Freeport, and attended lectures at the Western Reserve Medical College, Cleveland, Ohio, in the winter of 1860-61. Soon after the breaking out of the Rebellion, he enlisted in the Sixty-first Ohio Volunteers, and was detailed in charge of the medical supplies of the Third Brigade, Third Division, Eleventy Army Corps, and served in that capacity for two years and a half. Returning home he resumed his medical studies, attended lectures at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, and graduated from that institution in March, 1865. He was then commissioned by Governor CURTIN assistant surgeon of the Eighty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, and served until the close of the war. In the fall of 1865 he located at North Washington, Butler county, where for more than twenty-two years he enjoyed a large and lucrative practice, and became one of the best known physicians in the county. In 1879 he took a post graduate course at Jefferson College, and has always kept well abreast of the improvements and discoveries in medical science. In 1888 Dr. HOOVER removed to Butler, where he has since continued in the active duties of his profession. On April 24, 1866, he married Mrs. Susan BATES, nee BUFFINGTON, who died in 1881. He was again married, in 1883, to Sarah HALDERMAN, of North Washington. Dr. HOOVER is an ardent Republican, is a member of the Masonic order, and the I.O.O.F., and is one of the charter members of the U.V.L., of Butler. He is a [p. 725] member of the State and county medical societies, and has filled all the offices in the latter. Outside of his profession he has devoted considerable attention to oil producing, and put down the first well on the McCLELLAND farm, in Concord township, which came in at 550 barrels per day. He has been quite successful as an operator, and is the owner of considerable valuable oil property. Dr. HOOVER is a director in the Butler County National Bank, and is recognized as one of the leading and progressive citizens of the community.

[End of Chapter 70-1 (pgs.674-725) - Biographical Sketches, Borough of Butler, History of Butler County Pennsylvania, R. C. Brown Co., Publishers, 1895.]

Previous Chapter 69, Allegheny Township

Continued Chapter 70-2 (pgs.725-775)

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Updated: 25 Sep 2000, 11:00