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George Sandfield Macdonald Scribble Books 1883 -1889 | |||
These Scribble Books are on deposit at the National Archives of Canada. I will add the manuscript number to website shortly. Interviews undertaken in 1883 with Octogenarians and Older in Glengarry County. The following are transcripts I made from the original hand written manuscripts. George Sandfield Macdonald was the son of my great-great grand-uncle, John Sandfield Macdonald, 1st Premier of Ontario among other triumphs. George was an 'amateur' historian and spent time in Glengarry trying to capture the reminisces of the few remaining original settlers and their children. Already, there were disagreements as to the history of the County. Lists below and attached, list individuals, relationships, nicknames, when arrived, Conc & sometimes lot #. The anecdotes explored below are still pervasive 100 years after the events are entertaining and compelling as well as sobering in respect to teacher relations with students in that time. 1. U.E.L. 2. Scotch 3. Johnston 4. Distilleries 5. Mills 6. Churches 7. Clergymen 8. Restoration 9. Food 10. Stock & Horses 11. North West Co. & Hudson Bay 12. Maps & Plans 13. Customs 14. Witchcraft 15. Wagons Tools etc. 16. Scarce years 17. Military 18. Bards 19. Roads & Surveys 20. Schools 21. Houses etc. 22. Clothes 23. Bus 24. Geography 25. Judiciary 26. Govt & slavery Feb. 84 Finn Rich Grant 24 Char. 3 age about 90. 1. Col. McDonell lived on the point (Glengarry Pt) about a year or two. Built the house about 1800. List of U. E. settlers on the Front of Charlottenburgh: (attach list) 5. The McKenzies had a board mill. 17. Before Wilkinson passed down, an expedition party started across the river from Glengarry Pt & proceeded to the Block House on the Salmon river which they captured. After Wilkinson had losses there was another expedition which went about as far as Malone; Croil speaks of this. 4. The Cols' son Alexander had a distillery in the Pt. It was started some time after the war. 16. They dug up the potatoe seed during the scarce year. 17. Grant says that when the expedition to Salmon river was planned, the people on the front did not take any part in furthering in but on the contrary retired to the back concessions. 20. Phelan, McDiarmid & Etuve were the 1st 3 teachers in the Front. From R. S. (Likely his uncle Ranald Sandfield Macdonald - emg) Settlers who came out on Ship McDonald in 1786 VII Con. Char. John McDonell (Bonaparte)? Glengarry Angus McDonell? Glengarry John Agents grandfather Farquhar Macrae Kintail married Big Jim's sister Rod McDonell (Rory og) Knoydart Allan Macdonald Knoydart my great grandfather Duncan McDougall Knoydart Ranald Macdonald Knoydart Angus Macdonald Knoydart Ranald Macdonald Knoydart. Angus the deputy was married to his daughter. Ranald was a nephew of my great grandfather Archibald McGuinnis Knoydart Donald Macdonald Knoydart VI Con Char Angus Roy Macdonald Knoydart lived where Jim McGregors' farm is John Roy Macdonald Eig VIII Con. Char Angus McDonell (Potash) Knoydart Archie McDougall Knoydart Archie McDougall Knoydart Archie Macdonald Knoydart Donald McDougall Knoydart Angus Macdonald Knoydart Malcolm McDougall Angus Macdonald Donald Macdonald (piper) IX Con. Char Archie Roy McDonell? ? grandfather of the banker John McDougall (post) Knoydart John Macdonald (Grey) Knoydart John McDougall Knoydart a brother of Donald & Archie John Macdonald Knoydart John Macdonald Knoydart Donald McDougall Knoydart Donald McDonell ? (prob. Glengarry) a school master III In the Glen Angus Ban Macdonald Muniel V Con. Peter McDonell? Glengarry A. P.s (contractor) father. A.P. changed to Macdonald V Lancaster Duncan McGillis Morar Angus McGillis Morar Lachlan McGillis Morar Hugh Macdonald Knoydart Archibald Macdonald Knoydart Angus Macdonald Knoydart Donald Macdonald Knoydart Dugald Macdonald Knoydart Archie Macdonald Knoydart Donald Macdonald (Taylor) Knoydart John Macdonald Knoydart John the Saddlers (Williamstown) grandfather John McNiel Glenelg John Macdonald (weaver) Glenelg (?) VI Lancaster Archibald Macdonald Knoydart Angus Macdonald Knoydart Donald Macdonald Knoydart Ranald Macdonald Knoydart John Macrae Kintail Norman Mackay Glenelg Angus Macdonald Knoydart John Macdonald Knoydart Donald McGillis Morar Hugh Macdonald Knoydart (?) perhaps Glenelg Duncan Macdonald Knoydart Allan Macdonald Knoydart Alex Macdonald Knoydart? more likely Glnelg Samuel Macdonald Knoydart Duncan Macdonald Knoydart John Macdonald (Ready Money) Knoydart Finnan Macdonld Knoydart Big Jims uncle Dugald Macdonald Knoydart Alex McDonell ? Glengarry. Duncan Allans Grandfather John McDonell ? Glengarry. Capt. Greys father Angus Macdonell Knoydart Ranald Macdonald Knoydart John Macdonald Knoydart. Clayfords father John Macdonald (Buidhe) ? married to Bish McDonells sister John McGillis Morar Big Donalds father 2. (insert Bonaparte) 7. Angus (Bridhe) Macdonald nephew of Bish McDonell, Wm Fraser of St. Andrews & O'Grady up West, 3 priests petitioned the U. C. Legislature to the effect that the bishop was not accounting for the money the Govt granted for their salaries amounting to about 24 pds each. O'Grady was unfrocked, The other two were suspended. The Bishop referred to the matter in the St. Raphaels church & spoke of their conduct as persecution etc. in such feeling terms that Bonaparte got up in the church & exclaimed "Alick is it the God's truth you are telling?" As true as there is a God in heaven" replied the Bishop. The two priests Macdonald & Fraser were present on the occasion, in the sanctuary without their gowns. 2. A son of Bonaparte's was John surnamed 'England'. Many stories are told of him. At the Battle of Lundy's Lane his impetuosity was such that he got ahead of his ranks. For this he was court-martialed. Men asked why he had broken away from the ranks he replied 'If the rest had done as I did there would not have been a Yankee left. When he started out as a recruit, the night before his mother set to work to print him a pair of socks. When it was time to start in the morning they were not both finished John put one on & set out for Martintown with his mother following knitting as she went. On another occasion he was on a raft in the river St. Laurence with his father. When the tide receded they were on land. Bonypart who was along became much alarmed being ignorant of tidal action. Turning to John he exclaimed "Did I not tell you it was the Bishops wish you should not engage in this lumbering business & now you see the curse is when you go disregarding him. 7. Mr. John P.P. at Alexandria once when at St. Raphaels spat on a stick & stuck it in some poor fellows mouth for a bluance. From 'Uncle' Donald at Lancaster 3 ships left Knoydart in 1802. This was the year in which the Glengarry Fencibles were disbanded at Dundee and some of them came along in the ships that year. The causes were the same as in 1772. His Grandfather & father settled in the Glen. The latter was about 30 at the time. Alick E. 2. The winter of '86 was spent by some, if not all ofthe Scotch in Lancaster village & they took up their lands in the spring. 7. Alick E. disbelieves the 00 story because, as he says, the firm of Gardner Auld's & Martrand did not exist at the time. Besides Angus Roy was too young to have any financial standing. Believes the story to have arisen because a fault might have been in it which cost money. Thinks Scotus' mother was buried in Montreal & that was the reason he wished to be taken there. From Dingwall 1. The band in which old Alick Ferguson (His grtgrandfather) was landed in the port of Cornwall. G. Deriots travels through the Canadas: 1807 15. Bateaux on flat-bottomed boats narow at each end & built of fir planks. 40 ft long & 6 ft at the widest part, capable of conveying 90000 pounds weight. Five men & a guide to each bateau. They all supplied with provisions & with rum. Each Bateau is supplied with a mast and sail, a grappling iron with ropes setting poles and utensils for cooking. 24. The 1st township in U.C. is called Lancaster upon the North Shore of Lake St. Francis, watered by three small rivers, extending 9 miles in front towards the lake, & 12 miles deep. The adjoining settlement of Charlottenburgh has in front several small islands & is watered by 2 branches of the river au Raisins which carries its cours through a considerable pact of the township until it joins the lake. Between Charlottenburgh and Cornwall a narrow tract intervenes which is the property of the Indians at St. Regis. An island named, Petite isle is situated opposite of their village. 19. From Han Bodet downwards, a way for travellers on horseback has been cut through the woods, which is get scarce is impractical for carriages. Many parts of this road are at times rendered almost impassable by rain, the altitude of the trees on each side precluding the sun. 24. A T--- is a tract of land from 20000 to 200000 acres granted by government to individuals upon specified conditions. 9. The fare on which the voyageurs subsist is chiefly the grease of the bear and corn meal. 7. The R. C. clergy of the province are more distinguished by devotion benevolence unoffensive conduct & humility than they are by leaving a -----. They are regular & rigid in the practice of their religious ceremonies & more devout with perhaps less bigotry than the eclestics of any other country where the same religion prevails. Ketchums 'Buffalo & the Senecas': 1865 24. Johnstown about midway between Schnectady & Rome. 3. The Congress met in Sept 1774 & adopted a declaration of rights & agreed upon an address to the King. The Johnsons & their adherents were active in counteracting the revolutionary spirit. The loyalists of Tryon county made a demonstration against the proceedings of the Congree of the preceding Autumn. A declaration in opposition to those proceedings probably drawn up by the Johnsons, received the signature of the majority of the grand jurors and a portion of the county Magistrates. This le the Whigs to hold public meetings, one of which was interrupted by the Johnsons, Col. Claus, Col. John Butler & their retainers armed with swords and pistols. Guy Johnson became so abusive that a Lauruns, called him a liar. Guy seized him by the throat and a scuffle ensued. The whigs there held a meeting at Cherry Valley & denounced this proceeding of the Johnsons & approved the congress. Suspicions began to be entertained that the Johnsons Butlers & Claus were trying to alienate the Indians from the Colonists. To counteract this, a correspondent was opened with the Indians through missionary Kirkland in the provincial congress of Massachusetts. In Jan 16, 1776 Gen. Schuyler was on the march to Johnstown. He wrote Sir John to meet him on the way, which Sir John did during the next day. The result of the interview was that in consideration of him delivering up all guns & of his delivering up all arms & that he (Sir J) should give parole not to leave the county, he and his adherants would be protected in the --- of their property. Hostages were also required. The items were acceded to on the nineteenth & 20th. Gen. S paraded his troops at Johnstown & received the surrender of between 2 & 300 Scotch Highlanders who marched out in front and grounded their arms. They were discussed with an schatabar to remain feaachie. Notwithstandng the obligations by which Sir John had bound himself to remain a quasi-prisoner of War, he continued his correspondence with the Indians, instigated them to hostilities, & it was thought advisable by Gen. S. to put Sir John under strict surveillance. To secure the person of Sir J. & quell the rising turbulent spirit of the Highlanders, a force under Col. Dayton was dispatched to Johnstown in May 1776. Sir J. received notice of them through friends in Albany in time to anticipate Col D's arrival & with a large body of tenants took to the woods, not daring to take the travelled route & after 19 days, having suffered greatly from want of provisions, they arrived at Montreal considerably diminished in numbers.(GSM note: Note Sir J's want of foresight) Sir J. so sudden was the flight left all his property behind. Lady J. was removed to Albany. Sir J. was at once commissioned a Colonel & raised two battalions composed of those who accompanied him in his flight & other American Loyalists. They were called the "Royal Greens". In August of the following year (1777) the 'R. G.' participated in the attack on Gen. Herkimer near Fort Schuyler (Staricise) under Gen. St. Leger. Many of the Greens were known to the Provincials, & as they advanced near each other mutual recognition added fierceness to the contest. As the Greens advanced on the Provincials they fired upon them & then attacked with bayonets & the butts of their gun kits, & when the parties got closer, throttled each other & drew their knives, stabbing & sometimes dying in each others embrace. After a while the Greens, Rangers & Indians retreated leaving the Provincials masters of the field. About 30 of the Greens were killed. About the end of June 1778 a company of the Greens under Capt. Caldwell took part in the expedition of Col. John Butler to Wyoming Valley & were in the battle there. 3. In May 1780, Sir J. invaded the Mohawk Valley by way of Lake Champlain Avon Pt & made an effort to repossess himself of the old homestead at Johnstown. Alick Allan Ban in the Glen Mar. '84 Settlers on the Glen Road in 1802 Hugh Macdonald Knoydart Allan Ban Macdonald Knoydart Ranald McDonell? Paisley ask the jailers wife Duncan McDonell? Glengarry mar an aunt of Donald the Sargent Donald Macdonald? Knoydart bro of Hugh above Duncan Macdonald? Strathspey Grandfather of Mrs. Wildon Alick Fraser? - - Alick McDougall? - - Farquhar Maclennan Kintail Big Rory's Grandfather Peter Macdougall - Alick Peters father R. S. Mch '84 My grandfather was a lieuenant in the flankers. My father was christened John Brock after John Greenfield and Gen. Brock. He was the first male child born in the county after the battle of Queenston Heights. Angus Samuel Mch '84 2. Name of the captain of the ship was Stevenson; says the name of the ship was not Cochrane. Angus Sandeck lived in Montreal. 7. Scotus died in Montreal. Never heard of the 60 story. Remembers seeing Scotus sick at Montreal. He took sick at St. Raphaels and asked the parishioners for a contribution apiece of $1.00 to pay his expenses to Montreal & some of them refused. This is Angus account of the quarrel. Capt Grey 88 Mch '84 2. His father came to New York in 86 along with others. They proceeded to Albany where they stayed during the winter. They then entered into an agreement with the U. S. government to take up lands in the Mohawk Valley. But becoming dissatisfied with the arrangement they applied to Col. Deschambeau of Montreal who obtained lands for them in Glengarry. They left Albany about the spring of '87 & went by lakes George & Champlain & the river Richelieu to Sorel & then to montreal. They obtained provisions for a year. The following are among those who came: Angus Macdonell IX LANC John McDonell Potash VIII CHAR :called John Potash Archibald Grant Glenmoriston :settled near Summerstown. He married a sister of John Macdonald my (gs) great greatgrandfather. Alex Roy Macdonald Glenmoristown :settled in same. Kenneth Macdonald? Knoydart :settled in same Alec McDonell :settled west of Summerstown John Macdonell Bonaparte VII CHAR Glengarry Squire Allan Macdonell VII CHAR :Brother of the Bishop Alex Macdonell Black Alick Simcoe Glengarry :IXCHAR He saved Governor Simcoe's life twice. One time when the Governor was at Summerstown he met Alick & there was a cordial greeting. Angus Macdonell VII CHAR 5? Glengarry :an uncle of Captain Greys Alex McDonell IV LOCH :also an uncle of Capt Grey's Allan Kennedy IX CHAR Glengarry Alex Kennedy Glengarry :father of above - settled in the Glen John Macdonell Glenmoriston :in the Glen Alex Kennedy Glengarry :in the Glen Alex McDonell VI LAN Glenmoriston : Donald Macdonell VII CHARGlengarry :On Rory Macphersons Lot John Grant II CHAR Glenmoriston Angus Sandeck settled near John Patash's place. The stream near by is still called Sandeck's stream. He was a leading man among the settlers. Afterwards settled in Montreal. Married a wealthy French Canadian who was said to henpeck him considerably. Had a brother, Donald, a colonel who was killed at Corunna. 5. The Mullen Folly vein was a mile and a hal east of Alexandria on the Delisle, probably in the 1st of Lochiel. Put up about 1803. 6. The frame church at St. Raphael's was put up in 1807 under Scotus. 7. Scotus died at Lachine. Allan Macdonell's (Allan Ranald Donald) mother was a sister of Angus Sandeck's. Her daughter kept house for Scotus & she went to Lachine with him; was buried at the Seminary. The cause of the quarrel with the parish was as follows: Scotus wished each parishioner to contribute a schilling for his support. Some refused. Does not believe Jas. R. McGillis account.scotus was a tall raw-boned man, of independent mind; lived with my great grandfather Allan; the latter kept an hotel till he died & my great grandmother after him. Allan died about the time of the 1812 war. Fitzsimmons was stationed 2 years at St. Raphaels. In terming his departure 'desertion' the Bishop was arbitrary. The former had received a letter informing him that the Bishop (then a priest) was coming to St. Raphaels & that he was to vacate that parish in his favor. 2. The Greenfields came about '86. Alexander was the oldest of them. (They actually arrived in 1792 - emg) 8. John Macdonell, the 1st speaker of the U.C. Legislature, was Col John Collaghy (Collachie - emg). Then came Col. John Greenfield. 13. Does not believe in the retcheaugh coercive theory. James Duncan Macdonald age 92 Mch '84 2. His father came to New York first. (He was probably one of those whom Col. Deschambeau got over). He settled in the south Branch where there are still descendants. 6. The frame church at St. Raphael's was built of timber that was hewed. 7. My great grandfather put an addition to his house for Scotus. The latter died in Montreal. The cause of his quarrel with the parish was a demand 25 cts a year from each to pay for the services of a clerk. After Scotus came Fitzsimmons but he was not regularly stationed at t. Raphael's. 8. John Greenfield beat Alick Collaghy. 7. The Bishop would give the parish a hint how to vote. He went twice to the old country leaving William Macdonald in charge. In the election of McMartin against Fraser, William favored the former. The priest, when about giving his vote was called on by Col. Fraser's brother to take the oath, but the people interfered. There was some ill-feeling between the Col. & the Bish. 2. His father was from Glenmoriston. Probably at the same time with him came Donald Grant with his two sons Lewis & Donald. The latter Donald was the father of Allan the Tanner at Williamstown. The brothers of Jim Duncan's father were John & Farquhar. John was the father of Donald Brindhe. John was married to the Bishop's sister. Jim Duncan married the daughter of Donald, father of Allan Grant. Jim's father was three or four years in the States where he got married. 7. Says Scotus was buried in Montreal. 2. No band of immigrants came along with the Bishop. Remembers that bands came in 1802 & 3. 16. The year '15 was a scarce year. Flour $26. a barrel. 17. Was in Col. Frasers regiment under Capt. Campbell. Got land for volunteering in '12. During the war was kept at Lancaster 4 or 5 months & then at Prescott. Was on the expedition to the block house to the Salmon river; 60 or 70 prisoners were taken. Col. McMillan commanded; the expedition took place in the latter end of November. The volunteers started from Lancaster and marched to Glengarry Pt where they et some regulars from Cornwall under a Captain who took charge of the expedition. Thinks this was after Wilkinson bossed down. The Volunteers term of service was 7 months in the year In the rebellion he was under Col. Donald Greenfield. 20. Went to school at the meeting house west of Summerstown. Tobin was master. This man was extremely severe & would thrash the hand until blood came. His elder brother went to MacLaren. Lewis Grant was a teacher on the branch; he married a Culdreggan. Maclaren's school was older than the one at Summer's. 15. Murdoch Ross was the first thorough waggon maker in the county. Lived in Lancaster about 60 years ago and afterwards moved near Pt. Mouillet. Waggons were first obtained from the other side. 22. Stackhouse, he thinks had the 1st carding mill. John Macdonald age 71 Match '84 2. --Macleod and Linim came in either '86 or 92 and they were the only settlers in the IX Lan at either one or the other of these dates. John & Alick Macrae, Kintail, came in 1802 together with Rod Macdonald, Knoydart, John Macdougall, Knoydart, Neil Macdonald, Knoydart, John Macdonell, Glengarry, John Corbett (Grandfather of Hugh Corbett), uk, John Macdonald, knoydart,31, cAngus Macdonald# Glengarry #Angus Donald & Archie were bros. Donald Macdonald# in V Loch Archie Macdonald# in III Loch John MacCormack Eig Robt MacCormack Eig in 1 Loch Duncan Macdougall Glengarry a blacksmith Angus MacPhee Lochiel In '92 settled in IV Loch Jas Macdonald Glenmoriston ? Jas Stuart ? Arch'd Macmillan Arduamurchan In '92 settled in III Loch: Dugald Macillan Lochaber Donald Macdonald Eig Lachlan Mackinnon Eig Rory MacCormack Eig John Mackinnon Knoydart In 92 settled in V Loch Duncan Macmillan Lochaber Donald Macdonell Glengarry ? John MacPhee Lochiel ? Allan Cameron Lochiel Huigh Macmillan Lochaber Neil Mackinnon Eig Duncan Macmillan Lochaber In V Lochiel settled Alex Macmillan Lochaber came in '86 settled 1st in Terrebonne Allan Macmillan Lochaber came in '86 settled 1st in Terrebonne Hugh Macmillan Arduannuchan He may be called the pioneer of Lochiel as he was the only one of those who came to Canada in the Macdonald who settled in Lochiel without staying at Terrebonne on the way. 5. The Bally Vien mill was on lot 31 of I Lochiel. There was a little village there once. The mill was probably put up about 1803 or 4. 7. 12 lads took Scotus down to Montreal 2. Miss Popes account of the 2 ships in '86 is correct. Also her account of Scotus's death. 8. Donald Cameron, nephew of Col. Fraser, ran for the country. Uncle Ranald was a clerk at his store in Alexandria. His father was a registrar. Colin Chisholm's father was the best Gaelic stuich sheaber heard by Mr. Macdonald. 18. Arch'd Macdougall 18 VIII Lancaster composed songs. His granddaughter Mary is Mrs. Macalister near the Green Valley. She probably remembers the songs. Other composers were: Neil Ban Macdonald VII Lan. & his brothers John & Duncan. Angus Macdonald; see Chissom Huigh Angus in the IX. Donald Buidhe made a song in a raft; see Big Donald McGillis for it. Angus Macmillan's father (le war). See the widow Suitte who lives near the Town Hall, Kenyon. Her husband had Glengarry songs in collection. She is a daughter of John Macdonald an uncle of Hugh Ranald Macdonald of Alexandria. 7. See Mr. Macdonalds brother Donald for a life of Bish. Macdonell D. Cashion Mch '84 15. Beckwith of Williamstown, Vt, sold a waggon to James Cashion about 1816 - te 1st waggan brought into Glengarry. 17. The cannon that Lewis Grant carried in Montreal is now in Dominionville. Extract from the pamphlet "a Short-Account" etc. 2. In the year 1772 emigrants from Skye, Kintail & Loch Broom settled in S. Carolina. In 1773 tenants of Macdonald of Clanranald settled in P. E. I. & N. Scotia and in 1774 they were drafted into the regiment called the 84th - some under Capt. Macdonald & others under Major Sewell?. This corps was formed together with other highlanders under Gen. Maclean. 1. In 1773 another party of Highlanders went from Glengarry & Knoydart to the Mohawk Valley. When the war broke out they fought their way to the St. Lawrence under Sir John. In this expedition they fed upon their horses and dogs & then on roots. 17. The were formed into a corps under Sir John called the Royal Emigrants. 1. At the end of the war they had lands granted them & some of them settled in Glengarry which was so called in compliment to the emigrants from Glengarry in Scotland. 2. The friends in Scotland of these U. E.s hearing good tidings of them began to join them - to such an extent that the Lairds set to work & procured the passing of the Emigrants Act & ships of war to guard the harbors. American ships were not subject to search & so large numbers went to the States & were found fighting with the enemy in 1812. A few years previous to 1790 a system was introduced into the highlands, converting small agricultural farms into large Sheep Walks, thereby dispossessing small tenant. Their families were reduced to the greatest distress, as the restrictions of the Emigration Act prevented them from emigrating to the colonies. 17. During the peace of Amiens 1802 the Glengarry Fencibles were disbanded. Chaplain Macdonell thought he might establish for them a claim upon the Government to obtain lands in Canada for their services in Guernsey and Ireland. He suggested to Addington, then Premier after the resignation of Pitt the advantage to Great Britain of organizing the disbanded Fencibles into a Miliary Emigration to British America & maintaining therein an armed body of men. The plan of this Military Emigration was disapproved of by Addington's successor; but in March 1803 Mr. Macdonell obtained the sign ----- for a grant of land for every officer and soldier belonging to the late Glengarry regiment whom he should introduce into U. C. The lairds took alarm & the Emigration Act was enforced & prominent people tried to dissuade Macdonell from the enterprise. In the midst of all this opposition he and his followers found their way to U. C. in the best way they could in 1803 and Macdonell received the stipulated lands and took up his residence in Glengarry. Few of the previous emigrants had obtained legal tenures for their previous possessions, so he obtained Patent Deeds for 160,000 acres of land for them & patents for his followers. Macdonells next object was to get Churchs & schools established. On his arrival there were only 2 Catholic clergymen in U. C. so that he had to travel from one end of the province to the other. 17. When the U. S. in 1811 declared war Macdonell prevailed upon his countrymen to form the 2nd Glengary Fencible Regt which with the 2 Militia Regiments in the Eastern District contributed not a little to the preservation of the province, witness Ogdensburgh, St. Regis & French Mills. | |||
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