This town embraces all of township 1, and nearly all of township 2, in the seventh range of the Holland Survey.  It is the youngest town in the county, and was erected from Salamanca, Nov. 23, 1868.  The name was derived from the principal creek of the town, which was so called before the country was settled, from a house painted red, which stood, near its mouth, and which was built for the accommodation of raftsmen on the Allegany.  The eddy formerly in that stream at this point was also called Red House.  Who was the proprietor of this house and what became of him is unknown to the present inhabitants of the town.  The building has long since gone to decay.

    The town contains 36,392 acres of land, mostly broken and of a mountainous nature.  The summits rise from 600 to 1000 feet above the valleys, and usually present a sterile aspect.  There is but little arable land on the uplands, and as the Allegany Reservation embraces nearly all the valley of the river, but little land is subject to improvement by the whites.  Although the soil in the valleys is fertile and highly productive, but a small portion is thoroughly cultivated.  On the lowlands the soil is a sandy loam, but becomes more mixed with clay as you ascend the hills. Lumbering has been and yet remains the controlling industry.  In the southern part of the town are vast forests of deciduous trees, and a limited quantity of pine and hemlock.  Originally the valleys were covered with the latter timber, and their manufacture into lumber was an extensive and profitable business.

    The streams of the town are Allegany River, flowing through the northwest corner, and Big and Little Red House Creeks, rising in the southern part of the town, and flowing north and west into the Allegany.  Both have many tributary brooks.  In the southern part of the town are also the head-waters of Quaker Run, which flow northwest into the town of South Valley.

PIONEER SETTLERS

    In 1827, Darius Frink moved from his native place, Sterling, Conn., to the town of Carroll, in Chautauqua County, where he lived a year; then came to the present town of Red House, settling on the little creek, where he became the first permanent settler in town.  For many years he was the only white man living in these parts.  He had a son named Nelson, who lived in the town till his death, a few years ago.  The last twenty odd years of his life he lived on lot 18, in town 2, where one of his children, James Frink, now resides.

    James Rosenberry, a native of Butler Co., Pa., was the second permanent settler, locating on lot 31, in 1837.  While but a young man, in 1815, Rosenberry went to Great Valley, and worked there about a year; then moved to the present town of Salamanca, where he settled on the farm now occupied by W.P. Crawford.  Mr. Rosenberry is now the oldest resident in town, and although aged eighty-two years, still works on his farm, on which he has cleared 100 acres, removing many stumps four feet in diameter.

    On the Big Red House, Lysander Whaley was an early settler, removing from there to the West.  On lot 18 originally lived Caleb Owens, and removed from there to Steamburg, where he was murdered in 1874.  On this place - lot 18, town 2 - now resides Howard Fuller, who came to Cattaraugus County in 1820, settling first in the town of Randolph, then removed to Pennsylvania, coming to Cold Spring in 1839.  Thirty years thereafter, he came to live with his son Howard, who became a resident of Red House in 1858.  The old gentleman has attained the age of eighty-two years, and has been a pioneer in several towns of the county.

    Other early settlers in Red House were Elijah Pease, Squire Payne, Hubbard Clark, William Coan, Richard Wright, Abner Thomas, Marcus Frisbie, Richard Burgett, Sylvester Dunbar, Stephen Carr, George Decker, Francis Strickland, David Kelley, and Ezekiel R. Kelley.  In consequence of the conditions alluded to, settlements were slowly made.

    In 1869 land was owned in town by the following persons: C.W. Bosworth, Abner Brown, Nelson Bean, T.E. Bristol, R. Burgett, Stephen Carr, Howard Carr, William Clark, S.V. Dunbar, George Decker, James Eighme, Nelson Frink. E. Flanders, Howard Fuller, T. Grove, Noel Gray, Lyman Jeffords, D.N. Kelly, E.R. Kelly, Henry Learned, Joseph Mead, Caleb Merritt, Henry Oaks, H. Ogden, S.F. Pease, Robert Philip, James Rosenberry, A. H. Reynolds, J.B. Strong, F. Strickland, Giles Stoddart, John Sharp, C.W. Sharp, Abner Thomas, Allen Tibbitts, E.W. Taylor, S.D. Woodford, Martin White.

    The Bay State Company owned nearly 20,000 acres of land in the southern part of the town.

    The population in 1870 was 407, and in 1874, 453, nearly all of whom were whites.

CIVIL GOVERNMENT

PUBLIC THOROUGHFARES

    At the spring session of the town board, in 1869, the following resolution was passed: "Resolved, that the supervisor of the town of Red House be authorized to borrow money and issue the bonds of the town for the same, not to exceed $6000, for the purpose of erecting a bridge across the Allegany River in said town; the bonds to be payable, one-third yearly until paid with interest."

    At a special meeting, Oct. 15, 1870, $1000 was appropriated to build approaches to this bridge; and at another special meeting, December 12, the same year, the supervisor was authorized to send H. Ansley to Albany to solicit an appropriation from the State to go towards paying the bridge, "and that the amount to be paid the said Ansley shall not exceed $300."

    Mr. Ansley succeeded in getting an appropriation of $3000 for this purpose.

    This bridge is near Red House station, and is a substantial structure, more than 500 feet long.  It is the second one that occupies this site, the first one having been erected in 1860.  The expense of its construction was defrayed by a tax of 7 cents an acre on the lands of the citizens living on the south side of the river.

    In 1873 the town appropriated $600 for the support of roads and bridges; and at subsequent meetings $500 per year was voted for the same purpose.  The town is divided into five road districts; and, considering the meager population, possesses good roads to the principal points within her bounds.

    The Atlantic & Great Western Railroad passes down the right bank of the Allegany River, having nearly 3miles of track in Red House.

    A station and side-tracks for shipping purposes have been provided at Red House, nearly 6 miles below Salamanca

LUMBER-MILLS

    The first saw-mill in town was put up on the Little Red House Creek, about 1849, by Hubbard Clark, Marcus Frisbie, and several others.  It has long since been abandoned.

    The Bay State Lumber Company put up the next mill, operated by steam, about 1853, on lot 64, in town.  It has a good capacity, and when in operation creates a great deal of business in that locality.  The mill has been idle the past few years.

    A short time after the above was erected, James Appleby put up another steam saw-mill on lot 27, which was there operated until the timber was exhausted, when the machinery was removed to lot 28, and put into a new mill, which has been operated since 1870 by J.F. Eighme.  It is capable of cutting 20,000 feet per day, and when all the machinery is operated employs 10 men.

    On lot 28, John Sharp has operated a shingle-mill, cutting 5000 per day, since 1870.

    In the same year Patterson's steam saw-mill on lot 6, was put in operation.  Before that period it was a water-power mill.

    On lot 8, a steam saw-mill of 10,000 feet per day capacity was built by William Brown, in 1877, and the same year Elias C. McIntosh commenced operating a mill on lot 9, which has a capacity of 15,000 feet per day.

    On Big Red House Creek, on lot 7, Francis Strickland had a mill for the manufacture of shingles, twenty years ago, in which, at a later date, steam-power was employed.  In 1872 it was destroyed by fire.

    About 1860, A.H. Reynolds had in operation a saw-mill on the Allegany, half a mile above the bridge, which was in 1872 removed to lot 24, where it is now largely operated, cutting yearly thousands of feet of hard lumber.

    Clark W. Bosworth has in successful operation, on lot 15, a shingle-mill, and formerly had a steam saw-mill, which was destroyed by fire.  A shingle-mill is also operated by Ellis & France, on lot 21, and another by William Reynolds, since 1877.  

    L.J. Darling's handle-factory, on lot 18, was erected in 1873, by Darling & Gibbs.  Six men are employed in the manufacture of long handles from the excellent white ash growing in that locality.

    These lumber interests have given employment to a large number of men, and in prosperous times made the business of Red House as active as that of any other town of like area.  At present, trade is somewhat depressed and limited almost entirely to the Indians.

THE STORES AND TAVERNS

SCHOOLS AND RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES

    In 1878 the town had four school districts, provided with buildings having an aggregate value of $1885.  The total number of weeks of school taught was 122; the schools were supported at an expense of $913.82, of which sum $544.17 was raised by taxation in the town.  The children of school age numbered 149, and the average attendance was 45.  The first school-house was built in 1851, on the Little Red House, and there Caroline Barnes was the first teacher.  An Indian School is also taught on the Reservation.

    In school district No. 2 worshiped a class of Methodists, which disbanded before 1870.  Since that period the United Brethren have maintained regular preaching there, the ministers being the Revs. Reeves, Hodge, Butterfield, Allen and Robinson.  There is a class of 15 members, under the leadership of William Dunbar.

    Missionary services have been held among the Indians of the town by the Baptists and the Methodists, and on the 2d of December, 1860, the latter organized a church society, having Dodge Fatty, John Doxtater, Isaac Jemison, Payson Jemison, Foster Payne, Harvey Payne, and James Rosenberry as trustees.  Nothing further has been done, and services are now only irregularly held.

    The Greenwood Cemetery Association of Red House was formed at the school-house in district No. 2, Nov. 11, 1870, of eleven persons as incorporators.

    The trustees chosen were Nelson Frink, Robert H. Phillips, Samuel F. Pease, Samuel D. Woodford, Lyman H. Oakes, Francis Strickland, Sylvester V. Dunbar, Abner Brown, Giles Stoddard.  S.D. Woodford was elected president and S.F. Pease secretary.

    The association has not yet secured grounds for cemetery purposes, and there is no regular cemetery in the town.