North Carolina became one of the
English Thirteen Colonies, and was originally known as Province
of Carolina. Settled by small farmers, sometimes having a
few slaves, who were oriented toward subsistence agriculture,
the colony lacked cities or even towns. Growth was strong
in the middle of the 18th century, as the economy attracted
Scotch-Irish, Quaker, and German immigrants. North Carolina
was impoverished by the Civil War, and became increasingly
locked into a cotton economy. Towns and cities remained few
in the east, but a major industrial base emerged in the late
19th century in the western counties based on cotton mills.
The state was the site of the first successful controlled,
powered and sustained heavier-than-air flight, by the Wright
brothers, near Kitty Hawk on December 17, 1903.
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