KALBACH, JOHN A., firm of I. Kalbach & Son, lumber dealers, Oskaloosa; born in Schuylkill county, Pennsylvania, September 1, 1844; when 5 years of age removed to Indiana, came to Musatine, Iowa in 1850, and came to Mahaska county in 1851, over 27 years ago, being among the early settlers; he engaged in the lumber business in the summer of 1864, and has been engaged in the business longer than any one in the same trade; they also carry on the business at New Sharon; has held the office of city councilman; he was elected county supervisor, Oct. 8, 1878; married Miss Louise Patterson, in June, 1873; they have 3 children, Warren, Helen, and a little girl.

KALBACH, Z. TAYLOR, firm of Kalbach & Son, lumber dealers, New Sharon; born in Pottsville, Pa., in 1848; came to this State in 1850, and to this county in 1851, and for years, excepting perhaps Council Bluffs, their lumber yard was the farthest west of any in the State, and their trade extended as far west as Fort Dodge; he married Miss Rose Cole in 1872; she was born in Dodge county, Wisconsin.

KEITH, J. C., farmer, Sec. 12; P. O. Fremont; he was born in Miami county, Ohio, April 5, 1822; his parents moved to Shelby county, Indiana, when the subject of this sketch was about seven years old; he came to Davis county, Iowa, in 1858, lived there two years and then came to this county; his farm contains 306 acres; he has been married four times, first to Susan Heinzman, a native of Kentucky, but raised in Indiana; they were married December 16th, 1847; she died August 10th, 1852; had one son, Marshall E.; he was married again to Ann Eliza Davison, November 24, 1853, a native of Shelby county, Indiana; she died March 19th, 1857; had one son, Oscar; he was married again to Maggie Majors, a native of this county, December 14th, 1859; she died October 23, 1860; he was married again to Mary Canon, a native of Pennsylvania, October, 12th, 1861; has three sons and three daughters, Preston, Minnie, Nellie, Albert, Mabel and Gus.

KELLEY, E. S., farmer and mason, Sec. 22; P. O. Peoria; born in Barbour county, West Virginia, in November, 1830; came to this county in 1856; owns 78 1/2 acres of land; he married Miss Amanda M. Curry, a native of West Virginia, in 1852; has eight children: Lloyd, Arthur, John, Joseph, Mary, Ina, Duey, and Cleo.

KELLY, JOSEPH, retired, Oskaloosa; born in London, England, between Story's Gate, St. James Park and Westminster Abbey; he came with his parents in boyhood to this country, and settled in Chillicothe, O.; removed to La Salle county, Illinois, and located about 3 miles from Peru, which at that early day only contained one building; being among the earliest settlers there, he was prominently identified with settling up that county; he entered 2,000 acres of land near Dixon, Illinois; he married Mrs. Fidelia Pierce from Rochester, N.Y., August 18, 1845; they came to Iowa and arrived in this county October 17, 1854; he engaged in merchandising here and at Montezuma; he received appointment of Collector of Internal Revenue, October 1, 1862, and filled that office until August 9, 1869; with but one exception he was the only Federal official in the State who was retained, that did not Johnsonize, and he was retained on account of his efficiency, which was acknowledged by the department; he has since then had offers of Federal appointments, but he preferred to remain in private life; and has been engaged in real estate and insurance business; he is, and has been prominently identified with his church in all of its interests; they have four children, Wilbur F., Frank, Fred E., Stella May; have lost 2 children, Ella and Clarence.

KEMBLE, AMOS, manufacturer of canned vegetables and fruits, Oskaloosa; born in Columbiana county, Ohio, September 15th, 1827, and lived there until 22 years of age; he came to Iowa in 1850, and located in Polk county, taught school there and came to this county in 1852 and engaged in farming; he was appointed deputy sheriff under sheriff Edmondson and held that office for 3 years; and then carried on a steam bakery until 1865, when he engaged in gardening quite extensively, and in 1873 he connected the canning business with it; his canned goods are of a superior quality, and he finds a ready market for them; he married Miss Margaret J. Apple, from Salem, Ohio, March 12, 1850; they have 8 children, Emma, Nora, Kay, John, Ida, Willie, Josie and Charlie; have lost one daughter, Mollie.

KEMPER, WM., carpenter and builder, Oskaloosa; born in Virginia, September 20, 1818, and lived there until thirteen years of age, and removed to Ohio and was brought up, and learned his trade there. He came to Iowa by wagon and carriage, was twenty-five days on the way, and arrived in Oskaloosa October 7, 1849, and began working at his trade. He was one of the early settlers and is the oldest builder here now. He has put up many buildings in the city and county, owns a farm of 120 acres, which he entered from the government and laid out Kemper's addition to Oskaloosa; has been vice-president of the school board; married Elizabeth J. Elsey, from Hardin county, Ohio, August 1, 1843; they have six children, Hattie, George, Eliza Clarence, Alice and Jennie, and lost one daughter.

KENDIG, A. A., teller and bookkeeper; born in Stark county Ohio, December 30, 1846, he came to Iowa and arrived in Oskaloosa May 5, 1855, and was brought up and received his education here; married Miss Josie E. Danner, from Winterset, Madison county, Iowa, November 26, 1868; they have had one daughter who died in infancy.

KENDIG, H. R., justice of the peace, Oskaloosa; born in Lancaster county, Ps., April 30, 1830; when eight years of age, he removed to Stark county, Ohio, in 1838, and lived there seventeen years and came to Iowa in 1855 and located in this county, and has lived here over twenty-three years; he has held office of county treasurer for six years, was elected in 1871. He also held the office of town clerk for ten years; he married Miss Catherine Earhart, from Portage county, Ohio, in November 1852; they have seven children, Olivia L., Clara E., Myra M., Sylvia H., Maud A., Daisy B., Homer R., and have lost two children, one son and daughter.

KENDIG, T. B., farmer, Sec. 12; P. O. Leighton; farm 80 acres; was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, November 15, 1815, he lived there until 1836, and then went to Stark county, Ohio; came to this county in 1855, and located where he now lives; he married Miss Mary Ferree, a native of Dolphin county, Pennsylvania, April 11, 1838; they have three sons and four daughters: Oliver J., Perrin L., Andrew A., Ada M., Nancy R, Adell F., and Lucetta J.

KENTFIELD, C. W., farmer; P. O. White Oak; owns 160 acres of land, valued at $25 per acre; born in Vermont, in 1829; came to Iowa in 1844, and settled in this county; married Nancy A. Bozwell, in 1865; she was born in Indiana in 1832; have six children: Alice, George, Albert, Jessie, Levisa and Iona E.

KENWORTHY, W. S., attorney; born in Henry county, Indiana, May 24, 1840; he was brought up there until eighteen years of age, and then removed to Jasper county Iowa; he was engaged in teaching there, and came here and stud-died law, and was admitted to the bar in 1865, and has practiced his profession here for six years; he married Miss Margaret Straughan from Washington county Pa., November 28, 1866; they have four children, Byron, Horace, Gertie and Bessie.

KINSMAN, J. N., farmer, Sec. 29; P. O. White Oak; owns 160 acres of land, valued at $40 per acre; born in Susquehannah county, Pennsylvania, in 1818; came to Iowa in 1840, and settled in Brighton, Washington county; removed to this county in 1845, and located in Oskaloosa where he was proprietor of the old Oskaloosa House about four years; Mr. K. has held different county offices - has been sheriff one term, and treasurer three years; married Lydia Burchard in 1843; she was born in Susquehanna county, Pennsylvania, in 1819; have four children: Martha, Avada, Mary and Pliny; are members of Cumberland Presbyterian church. Republican.

KINSMAN, M., farmer, Sec. 29; P. O. White Oak; owns 140 acres of land, valued at $40 per acre; born in Vermont, in 1816; came to Iowa in 1840, and settled in Brighton, Washington county, and removed to this county in 1843; married Lucy P. Sanderson in 1837; she was born in Massachusetts, in 1817; have five children: Melvina, Leona, Anna, Peter M. and Olive; Mr. K, has been a supervisor four years, and has held different township offices; are members of M. E. church. Republican.

KISH-KE-KOSH In a record of the old settlers of Mahaska county no one is more strongly entitled to extended notice than Kish-ke-kosh. Though the meaning of his name is "The man with one leg off," few Indians possessed a finer pair of legs and a finer physique than the chief of Mahaska county's Indian village. Tall, straight as an arrow, with fine head and intellectual face, a humorous eye, his whole appearance was such as to challenge admiration, and was a genuine type of the traditional brave, which the present generation believes existed only in poetry, because in this day they only see the Indians as a set of miserable beggars, or find their true nature shackled by an adoption of a mode of life for which they were never fitted. Previous to 1837 Kish-ke-kosh was simply a warrior chief in the village of Keokuk, though he was the latter's first lieutenant. The warrior chief was inferior to the village chief, to which distinction, we have seen, Kish-ke-kosh afterward attained. For the purpose of forming the treaty known as the "Treaty of '37," a deputation of Sac and Fox Indians, under escort of General Street, was taken to Washington City, and different parts of the east. This deputation included Keokuk, Black Hawk, Poweshiek, Kish-ke-kosh, and about fifteen other chiefs. Kish-ke-kosh was regarded among his tribe as the clown and wit, and in the journey to the East he did not forget to display his humor and sarcasm. The Indians descended the Mississippi to the mouth of the Ohio by steamer, and thence up the latter river to Wheeling, where they took stage across the mountains. Somewhere on the route a party of ladies came on the steamer, and a young man who was accompanying the Indian delegation, becoming acquainted with the ladies, took them around to see the Indians. The young man, with the ill manners of some white people, fingered the dress and ornaments of the chiefs for the benefit of the sight seers, a familiarity which Kish-ke- kosh evidently thought should be dispensed with. Accordingly, when the young man was through, Kish-ke-kosh stepped up to him and commenced to sample his coat, vest, pantaloons and watch chain, to feel his hair, exhibit his teeth, etc., to his brother chiefs, jabbering away in the Sac tongue, and going through, with perfect mimicry, the self-assumed keeper of a menagerie. The deck of the steamer held a most appreciative crowd of spectators, and, as peal after peal of laughter assaulted the young man's tingling ears, he doubtless arrived at the conclusion that barbarism was able to teach a specimen of civilization a lesson in manners, whose impression would not be lost till his dying day.

While the party were in Washington, at the request of some of the government officials, a council was held with some chiefs of the Sioux there present, as the Sacs and Foxes were waging perpetual war with the Sioux nation. This council was held in the representative chamber, and, to the great indignation of the Sioux, Kish-ke-kosh appeared, dressed in a buffalo hide which he had taken in war from a Sioux chief, and took his place in one of the large windows, with the mane and horns of the buffalo as a sort of head-dress, and the tail trailing to the floor. The Sioux complained to the officials, claiming that this was an insult to them, but were informed that Kish-ke-kosh had a right to appear in his own costume. The first speech was made by a Sioux, who complained most bitterly of their wrongs, of how they had been driven from their homes by the Sacs and Foxes, their warriors killed, and villages burned. Then followed Keokuk in reply - the great orator of his tribe - an interpreter repeating his speech after him. There were those present who had heard Webster, Calhoun, Clay and Benton in the same hall, but declared that, for delivery, for native eloquence, impassioned expression of countenance, the chief surpassed them all, though they could not understand his words, save as they were interpreted. Kish-ke- kosh followed. He ridiculed the Sioux, laughed at their weaknesses and mimicked their complaints.

From Washington they proceeded to New York, where they were shown little attention, and General Street attempted to show them the city on foot, but on their first appearance the Gothamites crowded them beyond endurance in their endeavors to see Black Hawk and others, so that the whole party was obliged to escape the crowd by passing through a store, and taking the alley way toward their hotel. At Boston they were met at the train by carriages, at the public expense, and the following day, in open carriages with guards on foot, were shown almost the whole city. Governor Edward Everett gave a banquet for them, and there, as everywhere, Kish-ke-kosh made himself the decided favorite by his witticisms, jokes and stories, especially among the ladies. He came back home loaded with presents, jewelry, rings and fancy work, which, during the remainder of his life, he delighted to display, saying these were given him by the "white squaws." When the Indians returned and were asked about New York City, they only expressed their disgust. Boston was the only place in the United States, in their estimation, an opinion which they may have imbibed from Bostonians, who probably in words, as well as in attentions, gave the braves to understand that their city was the "hub."

It was in recognition of Kish-ke-kosh's distinction during this visit that he was made a village chief and removed to the banks of the Skunk river, as above mentioned. -

Here the squaws, after grubbing out hazel brush on the banks of the creeks or the edge of timber, unaided by plow or brave, planted and tended their patches of corn, surrounding them by rude fences of willow, which were renewed every year. Here the men trained their ponies, hunted, fished and loafed, until they were disturbed by the incoming of the whites.

The following incident is located at this point: Sometime about 1841 Major Beach, Indian Agent, in company with W. B. Street, and others, came up here from Agency City, on some business with Kish-ke-kosh. Arriving late in the evening they encamped near the village, and on the following morning Kish-ke-kosh, with his assistants, came over to the camp to receive them. The pipe of peace was lighted and passed around, and business transacted. After the council the whites were invited to come over in the evening to the feast which the Indians proposed having in honor of their visit. The invitation was accepted, and presently the whites heard a great howling among the dogs, and looking in direction of the village they could plainly see the preparations for the supper. A number of dogs were killed and stretched on stakes a few inches above the ground. They were then covered by dried grass, which was set on fire and the hair singed off, after which, when the dogs had passed through a scraping process, they were cut up and placed in pots, along with a quantity of corn. Thus was the favorite barbecue among the race prepared. The whites were promptly in attendance, but on account of their national prejudice (!) they were provided with venison soup instead of dog stew. After the feast dancing was commenced, first the Green Corn dance, then the Medicine dance, and closing just before morning with the Scalp dance. Kisk-ke-kosh did not take part in the Terpsichorean exhibition, but sat with the whites, laughing, joking and telling stories. This village of Kish-ke-kosh contained about two hundred and fifty Indians, and a few months after the treaty of 1842 they removed to a point about three miles south-east of the present capital of the state on the Des Moines river, where Keokuk had his village at this time. There they remained until the spring of 1846, when the entire party were conveyed in United States Government wagons to a point on the reservation, seventy miles southwest of Kansas City. Some of the bark covered huts of Kish-ke-kosh's village still remained in White Oak township after the white settlers came, and the graves covered by a roof of rude slabs were still to be seen, but now every Indian relic is gone, save as the plowman turns from under the globe an occasional arrow-head or hatchet. The wigwam has given way to the stately homestead or tapering spire; the war dance and dog feast to the second best county fair in the state. Where once the Indian youth found his early training in drawing his supple bow upon the wary fox, the boys of another race trudge to the district school, or serve an apprenticeship behind the plow. The soil for centuries unbroken now yields a fruitful reward to an industry unknown to the aboriginies of our prairies. The Indian has read the Mene, Mene, tekel, upharsin of his doomed race, and his history forces upon every thoughtful mind a feeling of pity, in contrast with a thought of expediency - a contrast in which expediency has usually had the best of it.

KISOR, R., farmer, Sec. 14; P. O. Union Mills; born in Knox county, Ohio, in 1819, and came to this county in 1856; owns 40 acres of land; has held office of school director; he married Miss Mary Buckingham, in 1842; she was born in Greene county, Pa.; have five children, Cary M., Melissa C., William S., Mary E., and Nancy V.

KISSICK, ROBERT, attorney at law; born in Mercer county, Pa., May 4, 1843; when he was sixteen years of age came to Iowa, and located in Oskaloosa April 7, 1859; during the war went in the army; enlisted in Aug., 1862, in the 33d Regiment Iowa Infantry, Co. C., and was sergeant and United States color bearer; in the spring of 1864 he was transferred to the 113th United States Colored Infantry, and was commissioned first lieutenant and adjutant; was in the Yazoo Pass expedition in rear of Vicksburg, and at Capture Rock, and in other engagements. He was obliged to resign on account of ill health; after his return from the army he entered school and engaged in teaching; studied law, and entered the Iowa State University, and graduated from the law department in class 1872, and since then has practiced his profession here; he held office Deputy United States revenue collector for Mahaska and Marion counties, for three years; he was elected justice of the peace in January, 1877; was re-elected in October, 1878; he married Miss Mary J. Pettitt, from Ohio, in November, 1868; they have four children, Ralph W., Frank P., Guy E., and Edwin Robert.

KISSICK, W. L., farmer, Sec. 19; P. O. Beacon; born in Mercer county, Pennsylvania, January, 27, 1841; and was brought up there until 18 years of age, and came to Iowa, arriving here April 7th, 1859; was in the army, enlisted October 27, 1862, in 16th Iowa Infantry, Co. C, was in battles of Shiloh, Iuka, Corinth, Siege of Vicksburg, and in battle of Atlanta, July 22, 1864; was taken prisoner and taken to Andersonville and was confined 60 days, and exchanged; he reenlisted in the same regiment, January 4, 1864, and served until the end of the war; he was promoted to 2d Lieutenant and then to 1st Lieutenant and was promoted and commissioned Captain Co., C, when mustered out; after his return engaged in grocery trade, then in farming; owns 110 acres of land; has held school offices, and is now president of school board; married Miss Mary E. Hook, from Ohio, August 9, 1865; they have 3 children, Cora M., Alice Lulu, and little baby son.

KITCHING, A. P., farmer, Sec. 2; P. O. Granville; born in Indiana in 1830; came to this county in 1849, and to this township in 1850; owns 140 acres of land; has held the offices of township trustee, township clerk, and justice of the peace; he married Miss Jemima J. Fansher in 1855; she was born in Indiana, and her parents were among the first settlers of the county, her father being one of the men who carried the chain when Oskaloosa was laid out; has six children: Thomas B., Florence V., Asa A., Willie C., Laura A. and Minnie M.

KLINKER, J. J., farmer, Sec. 24; P. O. Union Mills; was born in Germany, 1807; came to the United States in 1818, and to this county in 1844, being one of the first settlers in the county; he owns 360 acres of land; has held the offices of supervisor and school director; he married Miss Margaret McCabe, who was born in Fairfield county, Ohio; have seven children, Henry, Catharine, Joseph, Wesley, Emma, Theodore, and Sylvester.

KNEUDSON, O. G., farmer, Sec. 15; P.O. New Sharon; born in Norway in 1842; came to this State in 1858, and to this county in 1861; owns 120 acres of land; holds office of town trustee; he enlisted in the Seventh Iowa Infantry in the late war, and served nearly two years; he married Miss Bertha Sawyer, who was born in Wisconsin; has four children, Gunder Samuel, Sarah A., Belina and Matthias.

KNOWLTON, C. F., attorney at law, New Sharon; born in Fayette county, Ohio, May 18, 1853; came to this county February 19, 1865; he was educated at the Iowa Wesleyan University of Mt. Pleasant, graduated June 19, 1873, and was admitted to the bar on his twenty-first birthday.

KNOWLTON, S., farmer, Oskaloosa; born in Maine, in 1822; came to this State in 1865; owns 760 acres of land, but resides in Oskaloosa; has held the offices of school director and county supervisor, and at the present time is chairman of the board; he married Julia A. Hadley, of Clinton county, Ohio, in 1845; has ten children, Olive A., Simon, Mary, Charles, Edwin, Annie, Rosa, Ella, Minnie and Cora; lost one daughter, Emma.

KOOGLER, JACOB, farmer, Sec. 27; P. O. Oskaloosa; owns 200 acres of land, valued at $40 per acre; born in Greene county, Ohio, in 1819; came to Iowa in 1854, and settled in Adams township; he married Nancy Ankeney in 1842; she was born in Greene county, Ohio, in 1819; he has been justice of the peace two years, and trustee three years; they are members of that M. E. Church.

KRAMER, C. H., of the firm of Kramer & Graham, dealers in dry goods, groceries, crockery, boots, shoes, hats, caps and clothing, New Sharon; born in Pennsylvania in 1842; came to this State in 1845, and to this county in April, 1875; has been engaged in selling goods eleven years; he married Mary Parker in 1861; she was born in Ohio, and died in October, 1862; he afterward married Miss Hattie H. Rhodes in 1864; she was born in Ohio; has one child, Clarence, by first marriage.