Person Page - 309

     Meginhard I von Nordgau was born before 777. He was the son of Eberhard I von Nordgau. Meginhard I von Nordgau died between 12 November 843 and 15 June 844.

     Count at Saxony. Count of Saxony Bruno von Sachsen was born circa 786.¹ He was the son of Count of Saxony Bruno von Sachsen and Hasalda von Sachsen. Count of Saxony Bruno von Sachsen married Oda (?) before 806. Count of Saxony Bruno von Sachsen died before 844.¹

     Also called Mervin "the Freckled" English, Frych = the Freckled.³ Brenin Gwynedd Merfyn Frych ap Gwriad o ne Rheged was the son of Gwriad ap Elidyr and heir to the lost Kingdom of South Rheged.³ He was the successor of Brenin Gwynedd Hywel I ap Rhodri o Gwynedd; King of Gwynedd. Brenin Gwynedd Merfyn Frych ap Gwriad o ne Rheged was born circa 764 at Isle of Man, Wales.³ He was the son of Gwriad ab Elidyr, Brenin Ynys Manau and Esyllt ferch Cynan Dindaethwy.^2,1,3 Brenin Gwynedd Merfyn Frych ap Gwriad o ne Rheged married Nest ferch Cadell o Powys, daughter of Brenin Powys Cadell Powys ap Brochfael o Powys, before 810; Dubious.^4,5 Brenin Gwynedd Merfyn Frych ap Gwriad o ne Rheged succeeded his mother's uncle, Hyvel, to the throne of Gwynedd, crossing from Ynys Manaw (Isle of Man) to bring a new stability as well as a new dynasty to Gwynedd after many years of Civil War, in 825. King of Gwynedd at Wales between 825 and 844.³ He held out against Viking invaders from Denmark. He died in 844 at the Battle of Cyfeiliog, Ketell, Wales.^2,6,1,7,8

     Seigneur in the Southern Vienneois at France. Rostaing I de Viennois was born in 800.² He married Sufficia (?) before 838.² Rostaing I de Viennois died in 844 at age 44 years.^2,3

     King of Haithabu Harald "Klak" Halfdansson Yngling was born circa 800. He was the son of King of Haithabu Hálfdan Haraldsson Yngling. King of Haithabu Harald "Klak" Halfdansson Yngling was the successor of King of Haithabu Hálfdan Haraldsson Yngling; King of Haithabu.¹ King of Haithabu at Jutland.¹ King of Haithabu Harald "Klak" Halfdansson Yngling died in 844 at Walcheran, the Netherlands. Died in battle.

     Bernhard von Poitiers, Graf der bretonischen Mark was brother of Emenos von Poitiers.² He was born circa 811?. He married Bilechild du Maine, daughter of Rorico, comte de Rennes et du Maine and Bilechild, Gräfin von Maine; Her 1st.¹ Bernhard von Poitiers, Graf der bretonischen Mark died in 844. Killed in battle.³

     Also called Théodrade.¹ Theodrada, abbess du monastère de Notre Dame d'Argenteuil was born circa 785.^2,1 She was the daughter of Carolus I Magnus, empereur auguste and Fastrada, regina.^2,1 Abbess at the monastary of Notre Dame d'Argenteuil, near Paris, France, after 814.¹ Theodrada, abbess du monastère de Notre Dame d'Argenteuil died between 9 January 844 and 853.^2,1

      Bernard "de stirpe regali", marquis de Septimania was the putative son of Guilhem de Gellone and mother unknown.³ He was born circa 795.^2,3 He was the son of St. Guilhem de Gellone, comte de Toulouse and Witberga (?).^1,2 Count of Barcelona.⁴ Bernard "de stirpe regali", marquis de Septimania married Dhuoda, Gräfin von Barcelona, daughter of Graf im Schussen Welf von Altdorf and Heilwig des Franken, on 24 June 824 at the Royal Chapel, Aachen.^5,3,4 Bernard "de stirpe regali", marquis de Septimania proved his military prowess by repulsing a massive attack on Barcelona by the forces of the Emir of Cordoba between 826 and 827.⁴ Count of Autun between 827 and 844.^5,3 Margrave of Septimania between 827 and 844.^2,6,3,1 He was a witness where Sunifred I, Margrave of Barcelona apparently led a revolt of the indigenous [Visigothic] population against Bernard of Septimania (father of Bernard Plantvelue) circa 829.⁷ Bernard "de stirpe regali", marquis de Septimania was the famous Chamberlain of Louis "the Pious" between 829 and 840.^3,1 He died on 14 February 844 at Aachen. Executed.^2,3,8,9

     Also called Hugues.³ Hugo "l' Abbé" des Francs was born between 802 and 806.^1,2 He was the son of Carolus I Magnus, empereur auguste and Regina (?).^1,2 Hugo "l' Abbé" des Francs died on 14 June 844.^1,2

     Nithgard "the Chronicler" de Montreuil was son of Charlemagne's daughter Bertha and the renowned poet and imperial chancellor Angilbert.³ Also called Nithard German.^4,2 He was born in 797?. He was the son of St. Angilbert "l'Homère de la cour" des Francs and Bertrada des Francs.² Nithgard "the Chronicler" de Montreuil became counselor to the youngest of Louis's sons, Charles II the Bald, in 840.³ He fought for Charles against Lothair I, Charles's eldest half brother, in the Battle of Fontenoy in 841.³ Charles requested that Nithard write an account of recent events. The resulting four-volume Historiae or De dissensionibus filiorum Ludovici pii ("On the Dissensions of the Sons of Louis the Pious") deals with the discord between the sons of Louis during the years 840-843.³ Lay abbot of Saint-Riquier in 843.³ He died on 14 June 844 at age 47 years. He died in a battle against the forces of Pepin II of Aquitaine.³

     Margrave of Tuscany between 835 and 845.¹ Aganus of Tuscany died circa 845.

     Also called Graf Bonifaz II von Lucca.³ Bonifacio II, Marchese di Toscana married Bertha (?).² Bonifacio II, Marchese di Toscana was born circa 788. He was the son of Bonifacio I, Marchese di Toscana. Governor of Corsica.² Margrave of Tuscany at Italy between 828 and 834.⁴ Bonifacio II, Marchese di Toscana died in 846.²

     Niall Caille mac Áeda, rí Ailech, Ard-rí na h'Éireann married Gormlaith ingen Donnchada, banríon na h'Éireann, daughter of Donnchad Midi, rí Midi, Ard-rí na h'Éireann and Bé Báil ingen Cathail Dál Fiatach.³ Niall Caille mac Áeda, rí Ailech, Ard-rí na h'Éireann was born in 791.² He was the son of Áed Oirdnidhe mac Néill, rí Ailech, Ard-rí na h'Éireann and Maedhbh ingen Indrechtaich Síl Muiredaig.^1,2 Niall Caille mac Áeda, rí Ailech, Ard-rí na h'Éireann disposed his cousin Murchad and became King of the North in 823.⁴ 166th Monarch of Ireland between 831 and 844. King of Temair at Ireland before 846.⁵ Annals of Ulster 846: "Niall son of Aed, king of Temair, died by drowning i.e. at Linne Néill on the Calann. / Niall m. Aedha, rex Temhro, mersione mortuus est, i. ic Linne Neill for Kalaind."⁵ He died in 846 at age 55 years. He died by drowning i.e. at Linne Néill on the Calann.⁵ He was the predecessor of Máel Sechnaill, rí Midi, *Ard-rí na h'Éireann*; 167th High King of Ireland.⁶

     Adalbert I, Graf von Rätien und Thurgau was the son of Hunfried I, Markgraf von Istrien und Rätien.¹ Graf von Rätien und Thurgau between 836 and 838.¹ Adalbert I, Graf von Rätien und Thurgau died on 8 January 846.¹

     King of Picts Drust V mac Ferat was the son of Ferat of the Picts.¹ King of Picts Drust V mac Ferat usurped his 1st cousin, once removed, Brude mac Fochel, to take the Pictish throne in 845.² King of Picts between 845 and 847.³ He died in 847 at the Battle of Forteviot. He was killed in battle against Kenneth mac Alpin, the last King of Picts.²

     Werner II, Graf im Wormsgau married Oda vom Wormsgau, daughter of Graf Robert III vom Wormsgau.¹ Werner II, Graf im Wormsgau was born circa 803. He was the son of Werner I, Präfekt des Ostlandes and Friderun (?).¹ Count at Worms Valley between 815 and 837.² Werner II, Graf im Wormsgau died after 847.

     Sunyer I, conde Ampurias y Roussillon was convincingly argued to be a son of Count Bellon and a brother of Count Oliba I of Carcassonne.⁶ He was born circa 809. The 3rd son. He was the son of Bellon, conde de Carcassonne.^2,3,4,5 Count of Ampurias and Roussillon at Catalonia, Spain, between 835 and 848.⁵ Sunyer I, conde Ampurias y Roussillon died in 848.² He was the predecessor of Sunyer II, conde Ampurias y Roussillon; Count of Ampurias and Roussillon. Sunyer I, conde Ampurias y Roussillon was the predecessor of Dela de Ampurias; Count of Ampurias and Roussillon.⁶

     Amelung (II) of the Billunger was the son of Graf Bennid I of the Billunger.² Amelung (II) of the Billunger married Äbtissin von Herford Haduwy von Hessengau, daughter of Graf im fränkischen und sächsischen Hessengau Asig I von Hessengau and Ida "der Jüngeren" des Sachsen.¹ Amelung (II) of the Billunger made a grant in 837 at Rimbeck, in the Saxon Hessen an Corvey.² He died circa 849.²

     Also called Enravotha.³ Enrovota of the Bulgars was born circa 809. 1st son.^1,3 He was the son of Khan Omurtag of the Bulgars and N. N. of the Slavs.^2,3 Enrovota of the Bulgars dared to adopt Christianity fell victim to persecution by his father and was thus denied succession to the throne in 831.³ He died in 849.¹ He was a military leader.¹

     Sunifred I, Margrave of Barcelona was the son of Borell d' Urgel.¹ Sunifred I, Margrave of Barcelona apparently led a revolt of the indigenous [Visigothic] population against Bernard of Septimania (father of Bernard Plantvelue) circa 829.² He was called a fidelis, as the son of Count Borell, by Louis the Pious in 829.¹ He conquered Cerdagne and Urgell and stopped the Muslim invasion circa 835.² He succeeded the Aragonese Aznar Galindez, who was installed by the Franks, to Urgell-Cerdanya in 835.³ He was finally able to drive Asnar Galindo from Pallars and Ribagorça which he had usurped in these troubled times in 838.³ Count of Urgell-Cerdanya before 842.⁴ He married Ermesende de Carcassonne, daughter of Bellon, conde de Carcassonne, before 842.^2,1 Sunifred I, Margrave of Barcelona contained an attack by Muslim Spain, launched by Cordova, before it reached the other side of the Pyrenees in 842.⁴ He was rewarded for his earlier success against the Muslims by being given the counties of Barcelona and Gerona upon the death of Bernard of Septimania in 844 at Catalonia.⁴ He was supported by the French King, Charles the Bald, in 844.⁵ Margrave of Barcelona at Spanish March, Frankish Empire, between 844 and 848. Count of Urgell-Cerdanya-Confluent at Catalonia, Spain, between 844 and 848.⁶ He was a witness where Guillaume I "le Pieux", duc d' Aquitaine killed Sunifred, Count of Barcelona, in a counter-attack in 849.² Sunifred I, Margrave of Barcelona died in 849. He was killed in a counter-attack by Guillaume le Pieux.²

     Also called rey Ramiro I Bermúdez de Asturias y Galicia.^4,2 Ramiro Iº Bermúdez, rey de Asturias was "Hijo de Bermudo I "el Diácono" y de Numila."¹ He was born in 791.^2,5 He was the son of Bermudo Iº Fruelez "el Diácono", rey de Asturias and Numila (?).^2,3 Ramiro Iº Bermúdez, rey de Asturias married señora gallega Gontrada (?) before 815; His 1st. Ramiro Iº Bermúdez, rey de Asturias married Urraca Paterna Díaz de Castilla, daughter of Diego I Rodríguez, conde de Castilla, circa 832; His 2nd.^2,6 Ramiro Iº Bermúdez, rey de Asturias succeeded his brother to the throne of Asturias in 842. King of Asturias and Galicia at Spain between 842 and 850.^7,8 He died on 1 February 850 at Liño at age 59 years.²

     Íñigo Íñíguez "Arista", rey de Pamplona is said to have come from Bigorre and to have been Count of Navarre or of a part of it.⁴ He was "Hijo del jefe vascón Íñigo." Also called rey Íñigo "Arista" de Pamplona. He was born circa 790. He was the son of Íñigo Jiménez, noble de Vasconia and N. N. (?). Íñigo Íñíguez "Arista", rey de Pamplona married Oneca Velascez de Pamplona, daughter of señor de Pamplona Velasco de Pamplona, before 810. Íñigo Íñíguez "Arista", rey de Pamplona was was a Basque leader, allied to the Moslem border lords of Tudela, the Banu Kasi. He was leader of a revolt againt the Franks, and thereafter established himself as the first King in Navarre circa 814.⁵ He succeeded Count Velasco in Pamplona in 824. He was a witness where Aznar I Galíndez, conde de Aragón captured by the Navarrise who were rebelling against the Franks in 824.⁶ King of Pamplona at Navarre, Spain, between 824 and 852.^7,8,9 Basque Kingdom of Navarre (known as the kingdom of Pamplona until the last half of the 12th century) established by Iñigo Arista. In 840. Íñigo Íñíguez "Arista", rey de Pamplona died in 851.⁵ He was the predecessor of García I Íñiguez, rey de Navarra; King of Navarre.⁹

     Roi de Bretagne Nominoë de Bretagne was the son of Erispoë "the Elder" de Bretagne.² Roi de Bretagne Nominoë de Bretagne married Argentael de Léon.³ Roi de Bretagne Nominoë de Bretagne defeated the Frankish king Charles the Bald and established the independent duchy (for a time kingdom) of Brittany in 845.⁴ He was sent a letter from the Frankish Bishops reproaching him for having crossed the frontiers of his ancestors in 850. He was Brittany’s national hero, Nominoe, revolted against French rule, taking control of both Rennes and Nantes before 851.⁵ He died in 851.¹

     Radelchis, Duke of Benevento was the son of Sicard, Duke of Benevento.² Also called Radelchis I, Herzog von Benevent.² Duke of Benevento between 849 and 851.² Radelchis, Duke of Benevento died in 851.²

     Also called of Orleans. Also called Ermengardis de Tours.^4,5 Irmingard, Frankenkönigin, römische Kaiserin was born circa 805.¹ She was the daughter of Hugo, Graf von Tours and Ava, Gräfin von Tours.^2,1,3 Annales Xantenses 821: "Ludewicus imperator dedit filio suo Lothario regi ad coniugium Ermingardam, filiam Hugonis comitis Turonicorum, et hiemps erat valde dura."³ Irmingard, Frankenkönigin, römische Kaiserin married Hlothar I, empereur auguste, son of Hludowic I Pius, empereur auguste and Ermengardis d' Hesbaye, on 15 October 821; His 1st.^6,2,1,3 "Hlotharius ymperator genuit Hludovicum Hlotharium et Karolum ex Hirmingardi regina."⁷ Irmingard, Frankenkönigin, römische Kaiserin died on 20 March 851.^6,2,1

     Frédélon, comte de Toulouse was born circa 808. "Of Frankish origin."⁴ He was the son of Foucaud, comte de Rouergue and Sénégonde d' Autun.^2,3 Frédélon, comte de Toulouse delivered Toulouse to Charles II the Bald of France, who thereupon confirmed him as count in 849.¹ Count of Toulouse at Aquitaine, France, between 849 and 852.⁵ He married Oda (?) before 850. Frédélon, comte de Toulouse gave a charter to a church in the Pallars-Ribagorça region circa 850.⁶ He died in 852.⁷

     King Presian I Svinica of the Bulgars was the son of Khan Omurtag of the Bulgars and N. N. of the Slavs.^2,3 Also called Tsar Presian I of the Bulgars. King of the Bulgars between 836 and 852.⁴ King Presian I Svinica of the Bulgars died in 852.³ He was the predecessor of King Boris I Mihail of the Bulgars; Khan of Bulgaria.⁵

     Also called Rouhout.² Rothildis, abbess de Faremoutiers was born circa 798. She was the daughter of Carolus I Magnus, empereur auguste and Madelgardis (?).² Rothildis, abbess de Faremoutiers died on 24 March 852.^1,2

     Also called Bertha, Äbtissin von Avenay.² Berta, Abbess Avenay was born in 830.^1,2 She was the daughter of Hlothar I, empereur auguste and Irmingard, Frankenkönigin, römische Kaiserin.¹ Berta, Abbess Avenay died on 7 May 852 at age 22 years.^1,2

     Alpais, abbesse de Saint-Pierre de Reims was certainly not the daughter of Charlemagne, but rather oldest daughter of his son Louis the Pious by the unnamed concubine.² She was not, as Settipani has it, the eldest daughter of Charlemagne by his first wife Himiltrudis.¹ She was born in 794.³ She was the daughter of Hludowic I Pius, empereur auguste and N. N. , a concubine of Louis the Pious. Alpais, abbesse de Saint-Pierre de Reims married comte de Toulouse Beggo des Francs, son of Graf von Paris Gerhard I von Paris and Gräfin von Paris Rotrude des Franken, in 806; His 2nd.^4,5,6 Abbess at Saint-Pierre, Rheims, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France, circa 817.¹ Alpais, abbesse de Saint-Pierre de Reims was widowed in 817.¹ She died on 23 July 852 at age 58 years.^1,7

     'Abd al-Rahmân II al-Mutawassit ibn al-Hakam, amir al-Qurtubi was the (great?)grandson of his namesake, founder of the Umayyad dynasty in Spain.³ He was named in full: `Abdul-Rahman bin Al-Hakam bin Hisham.² He was the fourth Umayyad ruler of Muslim Spain who enjoyed a reign of brilliance and prosperity, the importance of which has been underestimated by some historians.⁴ Of the Umayyad. He was born in 792.² He was the son of al-Hakam I al-Rabdi ibn Hishâm, amir al-Qurtubi and Halawah (?).^1,2 'Abd al-Rahmân II al-Mutawassit ibn al-Hakam, amir al-Qurtubi inherited a pacified but disgruntled kingdom from his father in 822.⁵ He was a witness where Alfonso II Fruelez "el Casto", rey de Asturias suffered attacks by 'Abd al-Rahmân II of Córdoba between 822 and 842.⁵ 'Abd al-Rahmân II al-Mutawassit ibn al-Hakam, amir al-Qurtubi was able to mount attacks against Alfonso II of Asturias, and against the Franks as well, between 822 and 842.⁵ Emir of Córdoba at Al-Andalus, Spain, between 822 and 852.^2,6,5,4 He suppressed all revolutions that took place during his reign and paid great attention to construction, his castle was characterized by its royal grandeur and the Abbasid ornamentation.² He built several mosques and castles, and was a patron of the poets
.² He was forced to deal with a major Berber and Neo-Muslim revolt in the Mérida region in 828.⁵ He died on 22 September 852 at age 60 years.⁷

     Unruoch, Graf von Ternois was born circa 790. He was the son of Unruoch I, Graf in Alemannien.¹ Unruoch, Graf von Ternois married Angiltrud (?).² Unruoch, Graf von Ternois died circa 853 at St. Bertin. He died a monk.³

     Unruoch II des Franken was born circa 814?. He was the son of Unruoch, Graf von Ternois and Angiltrud (?).¹ Unruoch II des Franken died circa 853.²

     Brenin Powys Cyngen ap Cadell o Powys was great-grandson of Eliseg.² He was son of Cattell.² Also called Concenn.² He was the successor of Brenin Powys Cadell Powys ap Brochfael o Powys; King of Powys.³ Brenin Powys Cyngen ap Cadell o Powys was born circa 778.¹ He was the son of Brenin Powys Cadell Powys ap Brochfael o Powys.¹ King of Powys at Wales between 808 and 854. Brenin Powys Cyngen ap Cadell o Powys succeeded his father, Cadell, to Powys, and reestablished Powysian independence after the Saxon invasions, in 823. He was the King who erected Eliseg's Pillar after 823 at Llantysilio-yn-Ial, Northern Powys, Wales. He died in 854 at Rome, Italy. Died while on pilgramage, apparently while quite young since his brother-in-law , Merfyn Frych (the Freckled) seems to have imposed himself on the Kingdom of Powys.¹

     Also called Boso "l' Ancien", comte d' Arles. Boso, Graf von Arles was born circa 800. He traded the former seat of his family at Nimwegen (on the Rhine) for a new seat near Biella in the county of Vercelli in 826.¹ He died before 855.³

     Hiltrudis des Francs was born in 826.^1,2 She was the daughter of Hlothar I, empereur auguste and Irmingard, Frankenkönigin, römische Kaiserin.¹ Hiltrudis des Francs married Berengar, duca di Spoleto circa 846.^1,2 Hiltrudis des Francs died between 855 and 866.^3,2

     Hlothar I, empereur auguste was related to Adelaide, Gräfin im Argen- und Linzgau; a sister-in-law of Emperor Lothar I.⁸ Also called Lothaire.³ Hlothar I, empereur auguste was born in 795.^3,4,2,7,9,10 He was the son of Hludowic I Pius, empereur auguste and Ermengardis d' Hesbaye.^4,5,6,7,3 Hlothar I, empereur auguste was a witness where Hludowic I Pius, empereur auguste resolved the issue of succession within his realm with the "Ordinatio Imperii" which split the Empire into three kingdoms: his oldest son, Lothair I, was to be sole heir to the empire, but within it three dependent kingdoms were maintained: Louis's younger sons, Pepin and Louis, received Aquitaine and Bavaria, respectively; his nephew Bernard was given Italy. In 817.¹¹ Hlothar I, empereur auguste became co-Emperor, without papal intervention, with his father in 817.^11,3 Annales Xantenses 821: "Ludewicus imperator dedit filio suo Lothario regi ad coniugium Ermingardam, filiam Hugonis comitis Turonicorum, et hiemps erat valde dura."¹² He married Irmingard, Frankenkönigin, römische Kaiserin, daughter of Hugo, Graf von Tours and Ava, Gräfin von Tours, on 15 October 821; His 1st.^4,7,9,12 "Hlotharius ymperator genuit Hludovicum Hlotharium et Karolum ex Hirmingardi regina."¹³ Annales Xantenses 822: "Ludewicus imperator dedit filio suo Lothario regnum Langobardorum."¹² Hlothar I, empereur auguste was strengthened his title by being crowned Emperor by Pope Paschal I in 823 at Rome, Papal States.¹¹ He associated with Doda (?); His 2nd.³ Hlothar I, empereur auguste associated with N. N. (?); His 3rd.³ Hlothar I, empereur auguste was a witness where Hludowic I Pius, empereur auguste his sons, Lothar, Pepin and Louis the German joined forces and (with the support of the Pope) defeated him in 833 at the Battle of Colmar. Hlothar I, empereur auguste was supported by the Pope, who wished a unified kingdom, and become Emperor, as his father had first decided, in 833. He succeeded his father to Francia Media, and the imperial title in 833. King of the West Franks at Frankish Empire between 833 and 834.¹⁴ Imperator Augustus at Frankish Empire between 833 and 834.^11,14 King of Italy at Frankish Empire between 833 and 834.¹⁴ King of the Franks, restored between 20 June 840 and 843.¹⁴ King of Italy, restored at Frankish Empire between 20 June 840 and 850.¹⁴ Imperator Augustus, restored at Frankish Empire between 20 June 840 and 855.¹⁴ Styled empereur auguste, roi des Francs et des Lombards. Oath of Strasbourg: Louis II the German and Charles II the Bald affirmed their alliance against elder brother, Lothair I. In 842.¹¹ The Treaty of Verdun: The empire was divided into three kingdoms arranged along a north-south axis: Francia Orientalis was given to Louis, Francia Media to Lothair, and Francia Occidentalis to Charles the Bald. The three kings were equal among themselves. Lothair kept the imperial title, but it had completely lost its universal character and had meaning only in a portion of the old empire. In 843.¹¹ He was a witness where Judith, Fränkische Königin incited Pepin and Louis the German against Lothar in 843. Hlothar I, empereur auguste was became the first King of Lorraine (Lorraine = Lotharingia), the central Kingdom between Germany and France following the treaty of Verdun in 843. King of Lotharingia at Frankish Empire between 843 and 855. He was the predecessor of Hludowic II Germanicus, roi; King of the East Franks.¹⁴ Hlothar I, empereur auguste was the predecessor of Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste; King of the West Franks.¹⁴ Hlothar I, empereur auguste was related to Régnier I au-Long-Col, comte de Mons; the grandson, via his mother, of the Emperor Lothar.¹⁵ Hlothar I, empereur auguste abdicated in favor of his sons and became a monk in 855.¹⁶ He died on 29 September 855 at the Abbey of Prüm, Prüm, Frankish Empire, at age 60 years.^{3,4,2,6,7,16,9,10} He was the predecessor of Carolus, roi de Provence; King of Provence.¹¹ Hlothar I, empereur auguste was the predecessor of Hlothar II, roi de Lotharingie; King of Lotharingia.¹⁷ Hlothar I, empereur auguste was the predecessor of Hludowic II "le Jeune", empereur auguste; Imperator Augustus.^14,11 Hlothar I, empereur auguste was the predecessor of Hludowic II "le Jeune", empereur auguste; King of Italy.^11,14

     Also called Dreux.⁴ Also called Drogon.⁴ Drogo, évêque de Metz was born on 17 June 801.^2,1,4 He was the son of Carolus I Magnus, empereur auguste and Regina (?).^1,3,2 Annales Xantenses 823: "Ludewicus imperator dedit Druoagoni fratri suo regimen et cathedram episcopalem Metensiae civitatis."⁵ Bishop of Metz at Germany, Frankish Empire, between 823 and 855.¹ Drogo, évêque de Metz remained loyal to his brother, Louis, and exerted considerable influence before 840.¹ He died on 8 December 855 at Himeriacum, Burgundy, at age 54 years, 5 months and 21 days.^1,2 Drogo, évêque de Metz was buried in the Abbey Church of St. Arnulf of Metz.⁴

     Guerin, comte married Avane (?).¹ Guerin, comte died in 856.²

     Äbtissin Schwarzach und Zürich Hildegard des Ostfranken was born in 828.¹ She was the daughter of Hludowic II Germanicus, roi and Königin des ostfränkischen Reiches Hemma von Altdorf.¹ Äbtissin Schwarzach und Zürich Hildegard des Ostfranken was the predecessor of Äbtissin Schwarzach und Zürich Bertha des Francs; Äbtissin von Schwarzbach und Zürich.¹ Äbtissin Schwarzach und Zürich Hildegard des Ostfranken died on 23 December 856 at age 28 years.¹

     Erispoë "the Younger" de Bretagne was the son of roi de Bretagne Nominoë de Bretagne and Argentael de Léon.^2,3 Prince of Brittany in 857.⁴ Erispoë "the Younger" de Bretagne died in 857. He was murdered.⁴ He was the successor of Salomon, Prince of Brittany; Prince of Brittany.⁴

     Hildegarde des Francs was born circa 797. She was the daughter of Hludowic I Pius, empereur auguste and Ermengardis d' Hesbaye.¹ Hildegarde des Francs married Gerard I, comte d' Auvergne circa 820; His 2nd (sister of 1st).¹ Annales Weingartenses 857: "Serenissimi Hludowici regis filia Hildigart obiit."² Hildegarde des Francs died in 857.²

     Graf im Grabfeld Burchard I von Grabfeldgau was born circa 780.¹ He married Frewirata (?) before 803.¹ Graf im Grabfeld Burchard I von Grabfeldgau and Frewirata (?) named for the first time in 803 at Münnerstadt March.¹ Graf im Grabfeld Burchard I von Grabfeldgau held royal lands as Count in 817 at the Wetterau.¹ He was named as Count in 837 at Grabfeld.¹ Graf im Grabfeld at Bavaria between 837 and 857.¹ He appeared on the Gerichtstag (Court Day?) of Count Christan (I) in 857 at Jüchsen.¹ He died after 857.¹

     Isembhard (?) was born in 800.¹ He was the son of Warin (?) and Abba d' Autun.¹ Count of Autun between 853 and 858.¹ Isembhard (?) died in 858 at age 58 years.¹

     García "el Malo" Galíndez, conde de Aragón was the son of Galindo Belascotenes.¹ García "el Malo" Galíndez, conde de Aragón is shown as the man who extended to Aragon the rebellion against the Carolignian backed administration of his father-in-law, Aznar Galindo.¹ He married Matrona Aznárez de Aragón, daughter of Aznar I Galíndez, conde de Aragón; His 1st.¹ García "el Malo" Galíndez, conde de Aragón was the successor of Aznar I Galíndez, conde de Aragón; Count of Aragón. Count of Aragón at Kingdom of Navarre, Spain, between 817 and 844.² García "el Malo" Galíndez, conde de Aragón was the successor of Galindo I Aznárez, conde de Aragón; Count of Aragón. García "el Malo" Galíndez, conde de Aragón died in 858.¹

      Æthelwulf, King of the English was born circa 795 at Aachen, Frankish Kingdom. He may have been born at the court of Charlemagne.⁹ He was the son of Ecgberht "the Great", King of the English and Redburga (?).^5,6,7,8 Æthelwulf, King of the English married Osburh of Hampshire, daughter of Oslac of Hampshire, Princerna Regis, before 826; His 1st.^10,6,8 Æthelwulf, King of the English appeared in a charter (which is dated too early unless he was sub-king) which read "Æthelwulf, king, to Chertsey Abbey; confirmation of land and privileges" in 827.¹¹ He appeared in a charter which read "Æthelwulf, king of Kent, to (Christ Church, Canterbury); confirmation of lands at Langham, Blakeburneham, Plegwingham, Ofneham; pasture in Hliossole and Ægelbertinherst; common in woods in Estcogheringdenne and Hyringdenne; land at Canterbury with meadows at Shettinge and Thanington, Kent" in 833 at x 836.¹² He appeared in a charter which read "Æthelwulf, king of Kent, to Ceolnoth, archbishop; grant of one hide (mansio) at Eastre(a)stadelham" on 19 November 838 at Canterbury, Kent.¹³ Sub-King of Kent at England before 839.¹⁴ He appeared in a charter which read "Æthelwulf, king of Wessex and of Kent, to Wernoth, abbot, and the familia of St Augustine's; grant of 5 sulungs (aratra) at Lenham, Kent" circa 839.¹⁵ He was visited Rome in 839. He was formerly a monk at Winchester before he succeeded his father to the throne in 839.⁶ King of Wessex and of the English at England between 839 and 13 January 855.^8,14 He appeared in a charter which read "Æthelwulf, king of Wessex, to Duda, his minister; grant of 10 hides (cassati) at Asshedoune (cf. Ashdown Park in Ashbury, Berks.)" in 840 at Southampton.¹⁶ He appeared in a charter which read "Æthelwulf, king of Wessex, to Eadberht, deacon; grant of 15 hides (cassati) at Halstock, Devon" on 26 December 840 at Æscantun.¹⁷ He appeared in a charter which read "Æthelwulf, king of Wessex, to Beornmod, bishop of Rochester; grant of 2 sulungs (aratra) at Holborough, Kent" in 841.¹⁸ He appeared in a charter which read "Æthelwulf, king of Wessex, to Eanwulf, his princeps; grant of 25 hides (cassati) at Ditcheat and 5 at Lottisham, Somerset" in 842 at Andredesdune.¹⁹ He appeared in a charter which read "Æthelwulf, king of the South Peoples, to Ceolmund, his præfectus; grant of 1 sulung (aratrum) and a viculus near Rochester" in 842.²⁰ He appeared in a charter which read "Æthelwulf, king of Wessex and Kent, to Æthelmod, his minister; grant of 10 sulungs (aratra) at (Little) Chart, Kent, with woodland and swine pastures" in 843 at Mereworth, Kent.²¹ He appeared in a charter (redated to 874) which read "Æthelwulf, king of Wessex and Kent, to Eadred; grant of land at Horton, near Canterbury, Kent" in 844.²² He appeared in a charter which read "Æthelwulf, king of Wessex and Kent, to Badanoth, his apparitor; grant of land near Canterbury, in return for 15 mancuses of gold" on 16 November 845 at Wye, Kent.²³ He appeared in a charter which read "Æthelwulf, king of Wessex and Kent, to Wynhere, abbot of St Augustine's; grant of 1 sulung (aratrum) at Lillicesora (? Lynsore, near Bossingham, Kent), in return for 70 mancuses" on 16 November 845 at Wye, Kent.²⁴ He appeared in a charter which read "Æthelwulf, king of Wessex, to himself; grant of 20 hides (cassati) om Homme (at South Hams, Devon)" on 26 December 846 at Dorchester, Dorset.²⁵ He appeared in a charter which read "Æthelwulf, king of Wessex, to Ealhhere, his princeps; grant of 40 hides (cassati) at Lenham, Kent, with rights in Blean wood" in 850 at Wilton, Wiltshire.²⁶ He confirmation of the 26 December 841 charter at Æscantun in 852 at x 855 (or Easter 854).¹⁷ The marriage of Æthelwulf, King of the English and Osburh of Hampshire was annulled in 853. Æthelwulf, King of the English married Judith, Queen of England, daughter of Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste and Ermentrudis d' Orléans, on 1 October 853 at Verberie, Oise, France; His 2nd. Her 1st.^27,6,28,9 Æthelwulf, King of the English appeared in a charter which read "Æthelwulf, king of Wessex, to the Church; general grant of land and privileges, with list of lands assigned to Malmesbury Abbey, namely at 35 hides at Purton, 15 at Lacock, 5 at Sutton Benger, 5 at Corston, 10 at Crudwell, Wilts; 10 at Kemble, Gloucs; and 1.5 at Dauntsey, Wilts. ('Second Decimation')" on 22 April 854 at Wilton, Wiltshire.²⁹ He appeared in a charter which read "Æthelwulf, king of Wessex, to the Church; general grant of lands and privileges with a list of the Glastonbury estates affected, namely 5 hides at Buckland Newton, Dorset; 6 at Pennard, Somerset; 1 at Cetenes felda; 6 at Cerawycombe (? Crowcombe, Somerset); 10 hides at Sowy (cf. Middlezoy, Westonzoyland), 3 at Puriton, 1.5 at Montacute (Lodegaresbergh), Somerset; 1.5 at Culmstock, 0.5 at Monk Okehampton and 0.5 at Braunton, Devon ('Second Decimation')" on 22 April 854 at Wilton, Wiltshire.³⁰ He appeared in a charter which read "Æthelwulf, king of Wessex, to the Church; general grant of privileges, with specific grant to Hunsige, minister, for 3 hides (cassati) at Martyr Worthy, Hants. ('Second Decimation')" on 22 April 854 at Wilton, Wiltshire.³¹ He was a witness where Alfred "the Great", King of the English accompanied his father Ethelwulf on a pilgrimage to Rome, a visit, recorded by Asser, accepted as authentic by modern historians, in 855.³² Æthelwulf, King of the English was undertook a pilgramage to Rome, and in this absence his first son, Æthelbald, began plotting against him with the Bishop of Sherbourne and the Ealdorman of Somerset in 855.⁷ He appeared in a charter which read "Æthelwulf, king of Wessex and Kent, to Dunn, his minister; grant of a messuage (haga) in the south of the city of Rochester" in 855.³³ He appeared in a charter which read "Æthelwulf, king of Wessex and Kent, to Ealdhere, his minister; grant of 1 sulung (aratrum) at Ulaham, Kent" in 855.³⁴ He appeared in a charter which read "Æthelwulf, king of the English, to the Abbey of Saint-Denis (Paris); confirmation of lands at Rotherfield, Hastings, Pevensey, Sussex; and at Lundenuuic (London)" in November 857 at London.³⁵ He died on 13 January 858.^36,9 Annals of Ulster 858: "Cinaed son of Ailpín, king of the Picts, and Ethelwulf, king of the Saxons, died. / Cinaedh m. Ailpin rex Pictorum, Adulf rex Saxan, mortui sunt."³⁷ Æthelwulf, King of the English was buried in Steyning, Sussex, England.⁹ Æthelwulf, King of the English was buried in the Cathedral, Winchester, England. A second burial.^6,9

     Also called King Edmund I of Upsala.⁴ Eymundr Eiríksson, Konung av Sverige was born before 808. He was the son of Eiríkr Bjørnsson, Konung av Sverige.^3,4 King of Sweden between 820 and 859. Eymundr Eiríksson, Konung av Sverige was born in 832.² He died in 859.⁵ He died in 873.²

     Gormlaith ingen Donnchada, banríon na h'Éireann was the daughter of Donnchad Midi, rí Midi, Ard-rí na h'Éireann and Bé Báil ingen Cathail Dál Fiatach. Gormlaith ingen Donnchada, banríon na h'Éireann married Niall Caille mac Áeda, rí Ailech, Ard-rí na h'Éireann, son of Áed Oirdnidhe mac Néill, rí Ailech, Ard-rí na h'Éireann and Maedhbh ingen Indrechtaich Síl Muiredaig.¹ Queen of Ireland.² Gormlaith ingen Donnchada, banríon na h'Éireann died in 859. She died, after having lamented her crimes and iniquities, and after doing good penance for her transgressions and sins.² Annals of Ulster 861: "Gormlaith, daughter of Donnchad, a most charming queen of the Irish, died after repentance. / Gormlaith ingen Donncadha, amenissima regina Scotorum, post poenitentiam obiit."³

     Vasak Gabur, Lord of Syuniq was the son of Gregory-Sup'an I, Lord of Syuniq.¹ Vasak Gabur, Lord of Syuniq was son-in-law of Ashot Bagratuni, the future king of Armenia.³ He married Miriam Bagratuni, lady of Siwnik', daughter of Ašot I "the Great", King of Armenia and Kotramidé (?).^1,4 Vasak Gabur, Lord of Syuniq was the successor of Gregory-Sup'an I, Lord of Syuniq; Lord of Syuniq.² Lord of Syuniq between 851 and 859.² Vasak Gabur, Lord of Syuniq died in 859.³

     Also called Cináed mac Ailpín of Scotland. Also called King of Scots Kenneth I mac Alpin of Dál Riata.^6,7 Cináed mac Ailpín, rex Pictorum was born in 810 at Scotland.⁸ He was the son of King of Galloway Ailpín mac Echach of Dál Riata.^3,4,5 Cináed mac Ailpín, rex Pictorum succeeded his 2nd cousin, once removed, Eoganan mac Angus, to the throne of Dál Riata in 840. King of of Dál Riata between 840 and 858.⁴ He united the Crowns of Dalriada and Caledonia to become the first King of Scots in 844.⁹ 1st King of Scots between 844 and 859.⁹ He conquered the Picts, tradition says, by deceit and slaughter, killing Drust mac Ferat, the last independent Pictish ruler, and united, once and for all, the Pictish, Dál Riatan, and Caledonian crowns to be King of Scots and Scotland, in 847 at the Battle of Forteviot.^4,10 He witnessed the death of King of Picts Drust V mac Ferat in 847 at the Battle of Forteviot; He was killed in battle against Kenneth mac Alpin, the last King of Picts.¹⁰ King of Picts between 847 and 858.^4,11 Cináed mac Ailpín, rex Pictorum removed the relics of St. Columba, after attacks on Iona by Vikings, to Dunkeld, which became the headquarters of the Scottish Columban church in 849 or 850 at Scotland.¹² Annals of Ulster 858: "Cinaed son of Ailpín, king of the Picts, and Ethelwulf, king of the Saxons, died. / Cinaedh m. Ailpin rex Pictorum, Adulf rex Saxan, mortui sunt."¹ He died circa 8 February 859 at Forteviot, Perth, Scotland. He finally died of a tumour, before the Ides of February on the third day of the week in the palace of Forteviot.^13,9,14,15