Philip became King of France in 1060 upon the death of his father. The first six years of his reign were spent under the regency of his mother and uncle. Philip’s reign was troubled by many clashes with his powerful vassals, particularly in Normandy, but he succeeded in enlarging his dominions. He was excommunicated in 1095 because he had repudiated his wife, Bertha of Holland, and married Bertrada, the wife of the Count of Anjou.