Kaufman
County
’s Tie to the “ Underground
Railroad ”
Donated by: Kathey
Hunt, Co-Coordinator of
Kaufman Co., Texas
TXGenWeb Project
Researched and submitted by Kathey
Kelley Hunt
Most persons would never guess
that
Kaufman
County
Texas
would have a tie to the infamous
Underground Railroad, but it has a strong one.
Kaufman
County
was named for David
Spangler Kaufman, a man who came to the
Republic
of
Texas
at age twenty-four and
became a respected attorney, orator, soldier and the first
man from the new state of
Texas
to be elected to the U. S.
Congress. David Kaufman was born 18 Dec 1813
at
Boiling Springs, Cumberland Co PA, son of Abraham Kauffman
and Mary Ann Spangler. His views were pro-slavery.
~
Actual cover of a David S Kaufman Speech ~
He delivered this speech on Feb. 16th, 1847
in
the
US
House of Representatives
David Kaufman had a
younger brother, Daniel, who was born 21 Apr 1818
and died 26 Jul 1902
. He
remained in Cumberland Co PA all his life. Daniel was an
Abolitionist and his home was a stop on the Underground
Railroad.
It is hard to imagine how the relationship
of these two brothers existed considering their strong and
opposite convictions. Below are summaries of their lives.
The Story of Daniel Kaufman
In the early 1800’s more than
half of
Pennsylvania
's total slave population was in
Cumberland
County
, and the Kaufman family lived among
people who owned slaves. The issue of slavery was strongly
debated among
Cumberland
County
residents and conflicting
convictions on the subject divided the populace, and
families. Some of these residents helped runaway slaves
escape to freedom. They hid them from their owners and
transported them to safety in what became known as the
Underground Railroad.
At the age of 17 Daniel was of a
strong will and even greater mind, and he became involved
with the "Underground Railroad", hiding runaway slaves on a
densely overgrown place called Island Grove which was about
a mile from his family's home on
Yellow
Breeches
River
. He also hid slaves in his family’s
barn, and later in his home, and was assisted in these
endeavors by two of his brothers-in-law, Mode Griffith and
Stephen Weakley.
Island Grove, located on the
Yellow Breeches Creek near Boiling Springs, still exists
today. In the times of the Underground Railroad it was a
small island that was almost completely covered with tall
trees, low vines and shrubbery that made it nearly
impassable, and a formidable hide out. Daniel Kaufman hid
the runaway slaves here, fed and clothed them, allowing them
to rest and gather their strength before leaving for the
next station on their journey.
In 1847 Daniel was sued by
Maryland slave-owner, Mary Oliver for reimbursement for her
loss of 13 slaves, who were traced to Kaufman's barn. He
was placed on trial for harboring runaway slaves. He lost
that trial but the verdict was reversed in 1849 by the
Supreme Court of PA. In 1849 he was sued again. This time he
was assisted with attorney's fees by several abolition
societies and that trial resulted in a hung jury. In 1852 he
was tried again on the same charges, but in this verdict he
was found guilty and forced to pay thousands of dollars in
fines.
In the Oct. 15, 1899 edition of
the Philadelphia Press, in a story entitled "Agent of
the Underground Railway" Daniel Kaufman related his life. In
that story he stated that between 1837 and 1849 he assisted
more than 60 runaway slaves and that to his knowledge none
of those persons were ever caught or placed back into
bondage.
These adamant beliefs and
convictions on the part of Daniel Kaufman are difficult to
realize when they are presented that he was David Kaufman's
brother. David had strong pro-slavery beliefs and married a
woman whose father owned dozens of slaves in the Republic
and during Texas' early statehood. This fact can only lead
to thought as to whether Daniel and David actually
corresponded during their lives. Records show that on 7 Jun
1848 Daniel sold to David a lot in the town of Boiling
Springs for $100.00. This lot is located at the address of
111 Front Street, right next door to Daniel's infamous
dwelling.
Daniel married Catharine
Fortenbaugh and they had only 2 children - a son who died as
an adolescent and a daughter, Anna.
On the side of Boiling Springs
Lake, a historic marker directs visitors to the home built
by Daniel Kaufman, who laid out the village, established its
first schools and sold lots there for more than 50 years.
Daniel built the home at the intersection of Front and Third
streets in 1880 and lived there until his death in 1902.
In irony his home sets across the lake from the home of
Michael Ege, a man who owned many slaves during the times
Daniel was helping in their flight to freedom.
In 2002 The state of
Pennsylvania placed a Historical Marker near the Daniel
Kaufman home. It reads:
Daniel Kaufman (1818-1902) -- An agent on the Underground
Railroad, Kaufman provided food, shelter and transportation
to
runaway slaves. In 1847, he was sued by a Maryland slave
owner in a significant case that attracted statewide
attention and
resulted in a fine of $4,000. Kaufman laid out the Village
of Boiling
Springs in 1845.
The Story of David Spangler Kaufman
He was born 18 December 1813 at
Boiling Springs, Cumberland Co PA. He was called "Spangler"
by his family, as shown in family records and his father's
Will. After he became an adult David practiced the Jewish
faith which was not of his heritage or lineage, nor the
religion of his wife, and this fact has puzzled historians
for more than a century. His parents and other
members of his family were members of the Reformed
Trinity Church of York Co PA.
Forever a
“Native Son” of Cumberland County
After moving to Texas David Kaufman
was living more than a thousand miles from his family in
Cumberland Co PA, and his views and politics varied greatly
from those of his family and former neighbors, yet his
accomplishments were recognized and he was still held in
high esteem there. The following is from the June 29, 1848
edition of the American Volunteer, a Carlisle PA
publication, after Sam Houston wrote to the local officials
announcing he and David Kaufman would celebrate Independence
Day in Carlisle.
Celebration of
the 4th at Carlisle
Our democratic friends of Cumberland
County are likely to have a splendid celebration
of there at national anniversary. Gen.Sam
Houston, Col. Frazier and Honorable David S Kaufman,
all distinguished speakers from Texas, will be present. If
our citizens find it convenient, they would be
well repaid for a visit there on the occasion.
Come on, every one of you. You shall receive a
cordial welcome and witness a day of sentimental
cheerfulness. The July 13th edition of the same
publication offered the following accolade to
David Kaufman, praising the speech he delivered on July 4th.
"A toast to the Hon. David S
Kaufman - born and reared amongst us, we know his exalted
worth....a few years since he was but a quiet and
unobtrusive youth living in our midst - now he is the
popular and talented representative of the new State of
Texas in the Congress of the Union. His destiny is onward
and upward, and yet higher honors await him at the hands of
the people. A noble son of old Cumberland, who in
his adopted state, has won a name and fame which rank him
amongst the bravest and best, and promise a career of bright
and extended usefulness. We are fond of him as a citizen
born of our county, and fond of
him as a member of our party; like
an affectionate son he comes, after years of absence, to
visit his native spot. It is a fitting tribute he should be
one of those who added as another bright star to the galaxy
of democracy."
His Education
Kaufman began his education at
home and by the age of 15 was placed in an apprenticeship as
a Merchant in the mercantile of Mr. David Niven in
Shippensburg, PA. Within a year Mr. Niven saw that David
took more interest in reading the books in his store than
selling them and persuaded David's father to allow him to
attend Dickinson College. He enrolled in 1829, but did not
finish his collegiate studies there, quickly realizing his
desire for a higher form of education. In 1830 he removed
himself to New Jersey and in 1833 graduated from Nassau Hall
at Princeton. After graduation he studied law in Natchez,
Mississippi, serving an internship under John A Quitman, a
man who later became governor of Mississippi. It is
believed Quitman's adventuresome spirit, enthusiasm for
exploring the frontier and zealousness for Texas
independence from Mexico was a strong influence on his young
apprentice's reasons for moving to Texas.
In 1835 David Kaufman left
Mississippi to begin his legal career in Natchitoches,
Louisiana. Two years later, through the urgings of his old
friend, Quitman, David Kaufman settled in Nacogdoches in the
Republic of Texas. He was quickly recognized as a
trust-worthy man, sought after to handle legal affairs of
many of the men thought of as Texas' founding pioneers. It
is apparent that Quitman trusted Kaufman with his own
personal business dealings, as well. In early Nacogdoches
records Kaufman is listed as the Agent of Record for
Quitman, registering 1,070 acres of his land there on the
Tax Rolls.
D S Kaufman, Esquire
Within a year of his removal to
Texas Kaufman's legal prowess and strong oratory skills had
made him a very popular new comer to the Republic. He was
elected, as a Democrat to the Congress of the Republic in
1838, representing Nacogdoches. However, the fiber of the
young man soon proved to be made from more than just his
intellect, as in 1837 David Kaufman was also serving the
Republic as a soldier.
By 1837 Kaufman had removed to
Sabinetown and had opened a law practice "Kaufman and Gould"
with his partner, Charles M Gould. In 1837 David S
Kaufman is listed on the Poll Tax List for Nacogdoches and
in 1840 listed as a citizen in Nacogdoches listed as:
"Kaufman D S arrived in Republic June 1837 - 2nd class
headright - 640 acres in Nacogdoches on 5 Oct 1838"
(certification 14 May 1841).
Mentor & Soldier
Kaufman became an integral part
in putting an end to the Regulator-Moderator War in Texas
1837-1844. The feud had proven a violent chapter in the
Republic's history. In 1844 Sam Houston sent an entourage
of militia to end the fighting and though ten men were
arrested only a truce negotiated by Judge William B.
Ochiltree, Isaac Van Zandt, and David S. Kaufman convinced
the sides to quit fighting.
In 1839, despite treaties made
with Sam Houston and the Republic, the Cherokee Indians
under the leadership of Chief Bowl began depredations
against the growing number of settlers in east central
Texas. Kaufman, who was a Major at the time, served as an
Aide to Gen. Kelsey H Douglass. On July 15th and 16th, he
was fighting in the Battle of the Neches, part of the
Cherokee War, south of Tyler. During the fight, the one in
which Chief Bowl ( also known as Chief Duwali ) was killed,
Kaufman was wounded in the face. At first it was thought
the wound may prove fatal as a ball entered his mouth and
exited in front of his left ear. However, Kaufman did
recover though was scarred the remainder of his life.
His Political Career
Although no record exists
showing the Kauffman family owned slaves, his father-in-law,
Daniel Long Richardson, was a slave owner and David Kaufman
was Pro-Slavery. He quickly made his presence known in
Washington with a speech attacking the Wilmot Proviso, which
sought to ban slavery in new territories acquired by the
United States. He had strong opinions concerning free
persons of color within the US and the Republic of Texas as
seen in "The Ashworth Law", an Act he co-authored and
signed. The law made it unlawful for a free person of color
to emigrate to the Republic of Texas, required free persons
of color to leave the Republic within two years unless those
free persons who wished to remain post a bond, permitted
county officials to evict free persons of color from the
Republic who do not post a bond and permitted the sale into
slavery of any free persons of color who do not obey the
law. The law also gave immunity to the above for certain
persons of color whom were deemed pioneers in the Republic.
The law reads:
For the Relief of certain Free
Persons of Color.
Be it enacted by the Senate and
House of Representatives of the Republic of Texas, in
Congress assembled, That William Ashworth, Abner Ashworth,
David Ashworth, Aaron Ashworth, Elisha Thomas, and all free
persons of color, together with their families, who were
residing in Texas on the day of the declaration of
independence, are, and shall be exempt from the operation
and provisions of an act of Congress, entitled "An Act
concerning Free Persons of Color," approved fifth of
February, A. D. one thousand eight hundred and forty; and
that the above named persons, with their families, are
hereby granted permission to remain in this republic;
anything in the laws of the country to the contrary
notwithstanding
DAVID S. KAUFMAN
DAVID G. BURNET
Speaker of the House of
Representatives
President of the Senate
Approved December 12th, 1840.
MIRABEAU B. LAMAR
The first elected office held
by David Kaufman was that of District Attorney of San
Augustine. As well as serving in the House of the Third
Congress of the Republic he served as Speaker of the House
in the Fourth and Fifth congresses through 1843. From
December 1843 through June 1845 he represented Shelby,
Sabine, and Harrison counties in the Senate of the
Republic.
Though well-liked and respected
by most during his legal and political career, Kaufman was
not without his adversaries and enemies. One man, James S
Mayfield (1808 - 1852), was Kaufman's shadow and nemesis
from his earliest days in Texas. Mayfield moved to
Nacogdoches at about the same time Kaufman did, and was also
a lawyer. He also served as a Captain with Kaufman during
the Cherokee Wars under the command of H K Douglass. From
Feb. 8, to Sep. 7, 1841 Mayfield was Secretary of State for
the Republic of Texas, and although he was elected to the
Texas' Fifth & Sixth Congresses from Nacogdoches County
there is proof he had higher political aspirations and ran
for U S Congress the same year Kaufman won the election,
which may have left a bitter side to him. He was known as a
scoundrel, and a definitely a man who craved attention. In
history there is recorded several instances where he shot,
killed or sought to duel men in the Republic.
On January 4th, 1842, during a
session of the Texas House of Representatives, Mayfield,
while speaking on a bill, spoke about fellow congressman
Kaufman in an unsavory manner. Later, after the session
adjourned, Kaufman waited for Mayfield and called out to
him. An argument ensued, with threats made by both men.
Shots were exchanged and Kaufman was wounded in the
abdomen. (For newspaper articles concerning this gunfight,
click here.) According to records that wound never healed
completely and some say it probably attributed to his
death. Strange as it seems the encounter must have been
considered as a fair fight for apparently no charges were
filed against either man.
David Kaufman was described as a
great orator whose forceful campaign speeches brought him
notoriety. He was in demand throughout Texas at colleges,
political gatherings and Masonic lodges. His filibusters
and lobbying tactics in both the Texas and U S Houses are
infamous. While in Congress Kaufman argued unsuccessfully
that Texas owned lands that are now parts of New Mexico,
Colorado, Kansas, Wyoming, and Oklahoma. He encouraged
Governor Peter H. Bell to have Texas troops seize Santa Fe.
He also played a role in the Compromise of 1850, whereby the
national government assumed the debts of Texas. The
compromise was ratified in December 1850, only one month
prior to his death.
D S Kaufman died 18 January 1851 in
Washington, D. C. It will never be known to what
greatness David Kaufman might have achieved if he had not
died. His death was ultimately attributed to the wound he
received when shot by Mayfield in 1842, as it never properly
healed and in most likeliness caused an aneurysm. Medical
experts described his death as being within an hour of the
onset of him collapsing, believing the cause of death to be
from massive internal bleeding.
The National Intelligencer, February
1, 1851:
“Death of Mr. Kaufman;
It is our painful duty to
announce the decease of the Hon. David S. Kaufman, a
Representative in Congress from the State of Texas. About
two o'clock yesterday he was in his seat in the House of
Representatives, but, feeling a painful sensation about the
region of the heart, he returned in a carriage to his
lodgings at the United States Hotel. He there lay upon his
bed for some time, in apparent tranquil repose, in the
presence of his wife. About sunset he spoke, in reply to an
observation from his child, and suddenly expired. His
disease was an affection of the heart. Mr. Kaufman was a
gentleman who had won general esteem by the amiableness of
his disposition, and his death will be deeply regretted by
his brother members, and be a loss to his State, in the
National Councils, which few of her citizens can supply.”
The funeral for David Kaufman
was held February 4, 1851, in Washington DC and his remains
interred in the Congressional Cemetery there. In 1932 his
remains were moved from Washington, DC to the Texas State
Cemetery In Austin, TX.
His tombstone in the Texas State
Cemetery reads:
David Spangler Kaufman
Born Boiling Springs PA
December 18th , 1813
Died Washington DC
January 31st , 1851
The back of Monument reads:
Member of the House of the 3rd, 4th
and 5th Congress of the Texas Republic
Speaker of the House 3rd and 4th
Congress
Charge d'Affaires to the United
States in 1845
The first man in Texas to be seated
- Jun 11 1846 - as a member of the House of Representatives
to the U S Congress
Family of Daniel
& David S Kaufman
PARENTS
FATHER
Abraham Kauffman
B: 26 Nov 1780 Newberry Township,
York Co PA
Son of John Kauffman & Christianna
Landis
D: 13 Apr 1847 Cumberland Co PA
Md: 24 Feb 1803 Cumberland Co PA
MOTHER
Mary Spangler
B: 25 Oct 1781 York Co PA
Dau of Maj. Joseph Spangler
(Spengler) & Elizabeth Gartner
D: 26 Sep 1841
Abraham and Mary had 9 known
children - 5 sons and 4 daughters. All were born in
Pennsylvania.
John R b: 17 Jan 1804 d: 1877-
buried Greenwood Cem, Macon Co IL
Married #1 Susanna ( died 1837 -
buried Mt Zion in PA )
Married #2 Margaret Montgomery on 26
May 1841 - IL
Elizabeth b:10 April 1805 d: 20
Feb 1868 Buried at Mt Zion
Married Mode Griffith on 11 Feb 1830
Joseph b: circa 1807 d: age
62 ( circa 1869 ) - Macon Co IL
Married Mary Ann _______
Mary Ann b: 1808 d: 1823 *
buried beside her parents in Mt Zion
Abraham b: 5 Jan 1811 d: 28 Aug
1839 - Charleston SC
Married Anna D Faber on 17 Apr
1838 in Charleston SC
David S b: 1813
Daniel b: 21 Apr 1818 d: 26
Jul 1902 - Cumberland Co PA
Married Catherine Fortenbaugh
Harriett b: 31 March 1820 d: 30
March 1901- Cumberland Co PA
Married Stephen Foulk Weakley on 13
Apr 1841
Lovina K b: 18 Feb 1822 d: 24
Sep 1888 - Warren Co IL
Married F A "James" Weakley
In the 1840's Daniel & David's two
eldest brothers John and Joseph moved from PA to Macon Co
IL. Joseph was a farmer with mild political aspirations,
serving as a Justice of the Peace, and John was a miller, a
widower when he moved. He remarried in IL. Both men had
large families.
Abraham, their next eldest
brother, started his career as a hardware salesman but like
Daniel & David was of a scholarly mind which led him to
become a reverend of two different religions. He graduated
from Dickinson College in Carlisle, PA and from Andover
Theological Seminary. He was a noted scholar of translating
the German, Hebrew and Latin languages and was an early
professor of Metaphysics. In the year 1830 he was ordained
a minister of the Presbyterian church, but grew weary of
that religion and was determined to enter the Episcopalian
church while residing in Boston. On 7 Oct 1837 he was
ordained a priest of the Episcopalian church and was sent to
work at St. Philips Church in Charleston SC, where he died 2
years later from yellow fever. He had one son.
The Mt Zion Cemetery in Monroe,
Cumberland Co PA was the Kauffman family burial ground.
Many of Daniel & David's relatives are buried there. They
include:
Father
Kaufman, Abraham, d. 13 April 1847,
age 67 years
Mother
Kaufman, Mary, d. 26 Sept 1841, age
59 years
Kauffman, Daniel, 1814-1902
Daniel's wife, Catharine Fortenbaugh,
1824-1907
Daniel's son, Spangler G., d. 22 Oct
1873, age 18 yrs 15 days
Sister
Mary A., d. 13 Nov 1823, age 15
years
David & Daniel Kaufman's maternal
grandfather, Joseph Spangler / Spengler** was a Major in the
Pennsylvania Militia during the American Revolutionary War.
**York Co PA Wills 1749-1819
Name: Elizabeth Spangler
Description: Wife Date: 28 Dec 1801 Prove Date: 2 Mar 1802
Remarks: Joseph Spangler. Dec 28, 1801. Executors:
Frederick Hike and Jacob Gartner. Dover Township. Wife:
Elizabeth Spangler. Children: Jonas, Mary, Peter, Joseph,
John, Jacob, Daniel and Elizabeth.
David Kaufman's Wife & Children
On 21 April 1841 David
Kaufman married Jane Baxter Richardson in San Augustine TX.
She was the daughter of Daniel Long Richardson, a soldier
for the Republic at the Battle of San Jacinto, and his wife,
Jane Baxter.
Jane was born 6 Jan 1824 in Georgia
and died in Sabinetown, Texas on 19 Dec 1852, less than two
years after David Kaufman's untimely death.
To David and Jane the following
children were born:
1. Anna Maria Kaufman - born 6 Dec
1843 in Sabinetown, TX
(she married John Garland
Allen and died in October 1881 in Galveston, Texas)
2. David S Kaufman - born circa
1846-1847
3. Daniel Long Kaufman - born 1844
4. Samuel Houston Kaufman - born 27
Feb 1850 died 14 Aug 1851
5. Jane Baxter Kaufman - born & died
11 Aug 1851*
*Because of a marked grave in the
Sabinetown Cemetery, Sabine Co TX, some researchers believe
this child was born to the couple in 1851. The tombstone is
inscribed with only one date which at the time reflected
that the interred person was born and had died on the same
date. The grave is located next to that of Jane Richardson
Kaufman in that graveyard. The date being only three days
from the death date of Sam Kaufman leads researchers to
believe there may have been an epidemic of some type in
August 1851.
Daniel Long Richardson,
father-in-law to D S Kaufman was a Slave owner
.
The inventory of D L Richardson's estate included thousands
of acres of land in as many as twenty-one counties,
fifty-two slaves, a dwelling, a gin house, a black smith
shop, a gristmill, a kitchen, stables, corn cribs, farm
goods, cattle, oxen, wagons, and other implements. Cash
divided among four heirs amounted to approximately $120,000.
Additional information on
David Kaufman
There are four Texas State
Historical Markers that mention David S Kaufman. One is in
Kaufman County and three are in Sabine County.
Kaufman County Marker
On the north side of the courthouse
**Marker erected in 1936 as part of
the state's centennial - a granite and metal marker
Marker Inscription:
Kaufman County
Created February 26, 1848
Organized August 7, 1848
Named in Honor of
David Spangler Kaufman
1812 - 1851
Came to Texas in 1837 and
Located at Nacogdoches
Member of the Texas Congress 1839 -
1845
Member of the United States Congress
Sabine County Markers
Hemphill Courthouse Grounds
Marker Inscription:
A borderland between Spain and the
United States, 1803-1819. Entry for many Anglo-American
colonists and travelers after 1820, first included in the
municipality of Nacogdoches; after 1832 in the municipality
of San Augustine; on December 15, 1835, it became the
municipality of Sabine, borrowing its name from the river
which forms its eastern boundary. Became a county in 1836.
Organized in 1837. Milam, county seat, 1837-1858, Hemphill,
since 1858. In the heart of the pinelands. In memory of
Benjamin Holt, Absolom Hier, Jesss Parker, members of the
Convention of 1832. William Clark Jr., James Gaines,
signers of the Declaration of Independence, 1836. Captain
William Scurlock, a participant in the battle of Coleto
under Colonel James W. Fannin, Jr. life spared March 27,
1836. Isaac W Burton, Benjamin F. Bryant, John C. Hale,
William Pace, Alfred Benton, Dr. Robert K. Goodloe, San
Jacinto veterans and other founders and defenders of the
Republic of Texas, who lived in this county, before or after
the Revolution, Some of the distinguished citizens
contributed by Sabine County: David S. Kaufman, first U.S
congressman from Texas; Sam D. McMahan, pioneer patriot;
Littleton Fowler, early missionary; R. P. Sibley, J. C
Caraway, captains in the CSA.
Sabinetown
Marker Inscription:
Established by Herman Frazier in
1839. Named for the river on which it was located. A port
of entry during the period of the Republic. Among its
earliest citizens were David S. Kaufman and Augustus
Hotchess and Shadrick Morris. Nearby lived Jesse J.
Robertson and E. H. Hines. Post office discontinued by
1880.
The Milam Masonic Institute.
Marker Inscription:
Many pioneers belonged to the
Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons, an order active in
education. Among Masons settling in this area by 1845 were
Republic of Texas leaders William Clark, James Gaines, D.S.
Kaufman, Willis H Landrum, and F. M. Weatherred. The Rev.
Littleton Fowler (1803-46), a Mason, opened in 1845 in this
county, the Midway Institute, which was soon absorbed by Red
Mount Seminary. Set to work at Red Mount (Milam), 1847, was
Jackson Lodge No. 35 A.F.&A.M, with John Boyd, G. A. Norford,
A. D. Oliphint, O. J. Polley, and J. T. Scruggs, as
officers. The Lodge soon operated the Milam Masonic
institute, successor to the earlier schools. On the charter
application (1853), M.M.I. was listed as an already
'flourishing school.' Later, Sexton Lodge No. 251, A.F.&A.M.,
operated M.M.I., a great contributor to East Texas culture
until tax-funded education became universal in the 1870s.
Among the supporters of M.M.I. were Masons with the family
names Anderson, Causey, Davis, Deweese, Dorsey, Elliott,
Gellately, Halbert, Harper, Harris, Jacks, Low, McCloskey,
McGown, McMahan, Mason, Nethery, Noble, Pratt, Peeves,
Penfro, Sanders, Slaughter Smith, Speights, Sweet, Tucker,
Vickers, Watson, White, Whittlesey, Williams, and Yeiser.
|